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The long or royal' pendulum was introduced is usually made of oatmeal, treacle, butter, about 1676. Among French artists with wealthy sugar, and ground ginger, and may be patrons the formal long-case, so characteristic seen exposed for sale previous to Guy of English clocks, was never liked." cakes, or bannocks. Fawkes Day in the shape of massive loaves,

Illustrations are given of these clocks by French makers of the time of Louis XIV., and the author remarks, "In the Wallace Collection is a clock by Mynuel, with case and pedestal by Boulle of nearly the same period. From these observations it may be concluded that the French soldier in 1797 was unfamiliar with the long-case clock. TOM JONES.

66 AMERICA AS A SCOTTISH PLACE-NAME (11 S. iv. 469).—It is a mistake to consider this as purely Scottish: it occurs in Frodingham, Lincoln. America Wood is, I believe, in Neville Holt, Leicester; America Holt is in Lincolnshire; in the same county is America Farm in Langton-by-Spilsby. There is another in Yarborough, and a third in Warmington, Hunts. Place-names of this description are comparatively modern, but the difficulty lies in finding out when and by whom and why the names were imposed. Of a similar character is New England, which is found in Westmill and Hitchin, Herts Eythorne, Kent ; Burrow and Hackensall, Lancashire; Humby, Lincoln; Portslade, Sussex; Wennington and Hilton, Hunts. I have instances of New York in Leicestershire, Northumberland, and Fifeshire; and examples of Delaware, Florida, Old and New Boston, California, Georgia, Brooklyn, and Pennsylvania as place-names.

Scotland itself figures prominently: once in Scotland itself, in Portmoak; in England at Bradfield, Berks; twice in Long Blandford, Dorset; at Colomb Major, Cornwall; in Sandford and Ardley in Oxford; and in Hereford. A. RHODES.

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"PARKIN" (11 S. iv. 430).-See 4 S. viii. 494 7 S. vi. 448, 514; vii. 35. supplied at tea on 5 November to schoolboys in York in 1860. N.E.D.' (s.v.) says: Origin unknown : perh. from proper name Perkin or Parkin.” I used to think the name an equivalent of " parti-," the cake being neither oat-cake nor gingerbread, but half-and-half. W. C. B.

The custom of making "parkin" originated in the West Riding of Yorkshire in commemoration of the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot on 5 November, 1605. “Parkin"

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"On the 5th of November parkin, a sort of pepper-cake, made from treacle and ginger, is found in every house in the West Riding. As, however, the cake is eaten several days before the 5th. I have no doubt it originally formed part The Sunday within the of the All-Hallows' feast. octave of All Saints' is called Parkin Sunday."Folk-lore of the Northern Counties,' by William Henderson, F.L.S. (1879). T. SHEPHERD.

STOCKINGS, BLACK AND COLOURED (11 S. iv. 166, 214, 257, 297).-The fashion in black silk stockings was set by an earlier queen than ST. SWITHIN supposes. John Stowe records that Queen Elizabeth's silkwoman presented Her Highness with a pair of her own knitting on New Year's Day, 1560, since which Her Highness wore no other. The passage is quoted by Isaac D'Israeli, Curiosities of Literature,' vol. i., Anecdotes of Fashion."

A. T. M.

CITY LANDS: ANCIENT TENURE (11 S. iii. 269).-The property referred to in the extract cited consists of plots of land situated respectively in Shropshire and on the north bank of the Thames.

WILLIAM MCMURRAY,

Notes on Books, &c.

London North of the Thames. By Sir Walter Besant. (A. & C. Black.)

THIS is a sister book to London: the City (noticed in our columns on 13 May last), and embraces the huge area bounded on the east by the City gates, on the west by the Addison Road railway, and on the north by the Hampstead highlands.

It is not quite clear to us how far the late Sir Walter Besant was connected with the work, but we gather from the introduction that the scheme was his, and that many of the agents appointed to collect the necessary information were selected by him. The book, of course, suffers by bringing its topography only up to the date of 1901; for instance, we get no mention of the Kingsway or Aldwych, or the Queen Victoria Memorial, and the consequent improvements made in the Mall

district.

The interest of the work is mainly historical and biographical, as we learn from it where many famous Englishmen lived and died, with anecdotes concerning them and their doings, and of the periods in which they lived, and naturally the richer parts of the area are more fertile in notes of this kind than the poorer. Among the more interesting chapters are those on St. James's Square and Berkeley Square.

Westminster is dealt with in a special article by Mrs. Murray Smith, and a good and sufficient account is given of Westminster Abbey and Westminster School. Holborn and Bloomsbury are noticed satisfactorily by the late Mr. W. J. Loftie.

The article on Kensington is somewhat weak, and one could wish that the writer had referred to the pages of Leigh Hunt's Old Court Suburb,' where he would have found much useful information. No mention is made of Earl's Terrace, though in former times it was the residence of Mrs. Inchbald, Leigh Hunt, and Walter Pater, and more recently of Du Maurier; and more, we think, might have been written of Kensington Square and its old Grammar School.

The illustrations and maps which accompany the book are good, and the binding attractive. The Burlington Magazine opens with an editorial on The Nation and its Art Treasures,' a book by Mr. R. C. Witt, who discusses with approval the suggestion (frequently made in the magazine) of a tax of 10 per cent on all important art sales. He also upholds "the idea of devoting a large sum in the near future to the ransom for the nation of a certain selected list of supreme masterpieces." This is considered together with an increased grant to the National Gallery: Mr. Lionel Cust discusses Charles I. by Hubert Le Sueur, figured in the a marble bust of frontispiece, and acquired for the Victoria and Albert Museum about a year ago. Mr. A. CluttonBrock has an interesting article on Chinese and European Religious Art; Mr. G. F. Hill continues his Notes on Italian Medals,' which are admirably illustrated; and Mr. D. S. MacColl has attached to a reproduction of A Portrait by Alfred Stevens, painted about 1840 in the Venetian manner, some notes concerning the artist which should be invaluable to future biographers.

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BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.-JANUARY.

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logue 355 contains books from the libraries of MESSRS. BOWES & BOWES's Cambridge Catathe late Prof. J. E. B. Mayor and S. H. Butcher, with MS. notes by both scholars, and Classical Litt.D., M.P., including Greek and Latin Classics Tracts; a large collection of bound volumes of with histories of various Universities; Classical pamphlets on Education in different countries, Review, 24 vols.; Proceedings, Classical Association of Scotland; Nichols's Progresses,' 5 vols. ; Cotton Mather's New England'; D'Ailly, Society, a set; Franklin's Memoirs,' 6 vols., Monnaie Romaine,' 4 vols.; English Dialect and Works,' 10 vols., large paper; W. Savage Landor's Works,' 8 vols. ; MR. MACCOLL'S article in The Nineteenth Society, First Series, complete ; Palæographical Dictionnaire Century on The National Gallery: its Problems, des Sciences Philosophiques,' 6 vols.; Sadler's Resources, and Administration,' has alreadyState Papers,' 3 vols., large paper; Strype's attracted wide attention, and begins with a Works,' with index, 27 vols.; F. S. Thomas's reference to Mr. Witt's book noticed above. Historical Notes,' 3 vols. ; He calls for a reorganization of the control of Vegetarianism, &c. many works on the National Gallery which would secure some training for the Directors. His other suggestions Vienna their Catalogue 102, entitled MESSRS. GILHOFER & RANSCHBURG send from are well worth consideration. Mr. G. L. O. FlugDavidson has a good subject in The Solution blätter, Flugschriften, Einblattdrucke, Newe of the Mystery of Bird Flight' and its application 15-19 Jahrh.' Zeitungen," Relationen, Gelegenheitsschriften, to aeroplanes. Is M. Maeterlinck Critically Its 1,645 entries include scarce Estimated?' by the Abbé Ernest Dimnet, is an historical writings on particular occasions of the able article, admirably written, like the other period dealt with, many being of great rarity. English papers of the accomplished writer. In order to simplify the perusal of its contents, Dimnet finds insuperable difficulties in accepting of persons mentioned, a geographical index, a the Catalogue has been provided with an index the popular estimate of Maeterlinck as a philosopher, and will have many supporters in his typographical index (indicating printers, imobjections. The Rev. A. H. T. Clarke, in The prints, and publishers), and finally an elaborate. Passing of the Oxford Movement,' deals mainly subject-index. The Catalogue contains a large with Liddon. His article is very readable, but portion of a celebrated library reaching back to it seems to us a little one-sided. It is of value the hero of the Thirty Years' War, Octavio as indicating the present trend of opinion esting numbers united under England' in the Piccolomini. There are about a hundred interamong writers on the Church. 'The Church and Celibacy,' by Mrs. Huth Jackson, seems to us an geographical index, mostly relating to history ingenious piece of special pleading, while it conand the Reformation. We may also draw attentains some ideas with which we are strongly in Krieg, Hochzeitsreden und Hochzeitsgedichte, tion to the entries under Dreissigjähriger sympathy. 'Indulgenzbriefe,'' Judaica,' 'Leichenreden,' Papsttum und Kirchenstaat,' Reformation,' reproductions of scarce works. Türkenkriege,' &c. In addition, there

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CHRISTIANITY AND CLERICALISM,' by the Rev. R. L. Gales, is a striking article in The National Review, which is further commended by one of

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MR. JAMES IRVINE has a number of interesting books in his Catalogue 98, amongst which may be named a copy of Chalmers's Caledonia,' 8 vols., 47. 48. (published at 177. 5s.); Vestiarium Scoticum,' illustrated with 75 full-page tartans, 6. 6s.; Peter Cunningham's Story of Nell Gwyn,' first edition, 17. 10s.; and Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,' 8 vols., full calf. 47. 10%. The Catalogue also contains several biographical and topographical works and colour books.

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We have just received from Herr Leo Liepmannssohn's bookshop, 14, Bernburgerstr., Berlin, the two following Catalogues : 178Acoustics, Physiology and Psychology of Music, Theory and History of Musical Notation; 179 Primitive Music, Music of the Ancient and The principal feature of the first Catalogue is a series of manuscripts and rare impressions, showing the development of musical notation from the eleventh century to the present time. Amongst them is to be noted an edition of Octaviano Petrucci, the first music publisher, viz., Mouton, Missarum, Liber primus. Missa sine nomine, Alleluya, Alma redemptoris, Item alia sine nomine, Regina mearum.' At the end of the part of the Bassus : "Impressum Forosempronii per Octauianum Petrutium ciuem Forosempronienses, Anno Domini MDXv.' (price 2,800 marks). Another interesting item is an old and curious dance-book : "Negri (Cesare, detto Il Trombone'), Le gratie d'amore," Milan, 1602, containing 58 engraved plates showing the dancers, their positions and their costumes, besides containing the old music, 700 marks. The Catalogue has plates showing specimens of the books offered. Catalogue 179 has some rare items-for instance, original editions of the early musical theorist Gafurius: Practica musice,' 1469, 1502, and 1512; the famous 'Dodekachordon of Glareanus in the original edition of 1547, 300 marks; Jumilhac, La Science et la Pratique du Plain-chant,' 1673, 225 marks; and Wallis, Opera Mathematica,' Oxoniæ, 1695-9, 3 vols., a work containing several ancient tracts on music, 60 marks.

dedi

mounted within borders on plate paper, for 107.
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con

The illustrated Supplement, besides co taining reproductions of and other subjects at prices ranging from 28. to mezzotint portraits 10 guineas, has a facsimile of part of the original rough draft of the reply of Charles I. to the proposals of the Houses of Parliament : Wherefore His Matie coniures them as Chrystians, as Subiectes, and as men whoe desyre to leave a good name behynd them....to make use of this Answer that all....of bloade may be stopped, & their unhappy distractions peacibly setled." The complete document, which is not priced, is signed “ C. R.," and dated Aug. 6, 1646.

THE following items-among many othersare included by Messrs. Chas. J. Sawyer in their 28th Annual Catalogue of books in new condition: The complete Works of Théophile Gautier, Edition de Luxe, 24 vols., 107. 10s.; a set of Whyte - Melville's sporting novels for 51. 158. ; an attractive extra-illustrated set of Nollekens and his Times,' with 106 additional portraits, many coloured, 81. 88.; a unique set of Dickens, Edition de Luxe, 30 vols., with original unpublished drawings, 277. 10s.; and a set of Boydell's Thames, containing 1,000 extra-illustrations, portraits, views, water-colour drawings, &c., sumptuously bound in 4 vols. folio, green Levant morocco, 1257.

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MR. ROBERT MCCASKIE'S Catalogue 35 contains 482 book items, 11 pp. of which are devoted to Prints and Autographs. There are a large number of interesting and inexpensive books, such as Robert Brough's Songs of the Governing Classes,' first edition, morocco gilt, for 7s. 6d.;ucation, but as a guarantee of good faith. Ashmole's History of the Order of the Garter,' 58.; Johnson's Clergymen's Vade Mecum,' 1703, 38. 6d.; Elizabeth Elstob's Anglo-Saxon Homily,' 1709, 2s. 6d.; Letters illustrative of the Reign of William III.,' 58.; and Memoirs and Correspondence of Admiral Lord Saumarez,' EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed 78. 6d. We notice also Charles Bennett's Book to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Adverof Blockheads,' 1863, 15s. 6d. ; Bennett and tisements and Business Letters to "The Pub Brough's Shadow and Substance, 1860, 108.;lishers" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Camden's Britannia,' ed. by Gibson, 2 vols., Lane, E.C. folio, 1. 58.; Dickens's Our Mutual Friend,' first edition, with the original wrappers and insets. bound in morocco, 41. Gronow's Celebrities of London and Paris,' 11. 58.; a work on Medicines "by George Starkey, who is a Philosopher by Fire," 1658, 12s. 6d. ; and a number of Political Tracts and Pamphlets, mostly relating to the conflict between Charles I. and Parliament. Amongst the Addenda there is a highly interesting series of over 160 etchings by Jean le Pautre, all in fine condition, and

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