"These are the keys of the kingdom of heaven The golden key is the power of absolution, the silver key the knowledge possessed by the confessor, which enables him to judge of the condition of the penitent. Hence in opening the gate the silver key is used first and the golden afterwards. On this subject Aquinas says- distinguuntur duæ claves, quarum una pertinet ad iudicium de idoneitate eius qui absolvendus est, et alia ad ipsam absolutionem,' 'Summa,' P.3, Suppl. Q. 17, Art. 3." ST. SWITHIN. THE FIRST PERSON IN WORDSWORTH AND SHAKESPEARE.-Several reviewers of the 'Concordance to Wordsworth,' published by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., have called attention to what is deemed an excessive use of the first personal pronoun in the works of the poet. Thus J. P. C., in The Pall Mall Gazette for 30 Nov., 1911, points out that I, me, myself, &c., are recorded over 2,000 times. 66 It must be remembered, however, that verbal indexes of the sort commonly do not list the occurrences of the simple pronouns. Fay's Concordance of the Divina Commedia,' for example, merely indicates the very frequent use by Dante of the words io, mia, mie, &c., by the term sovente." The Concordance to Wordsworth' includes a large number of quotations for certain pronouns, in spite of their frequency, because of their importance in a lyrical and meditative poet. Much depends upon the kind of poetry which happens to be in question, and upon the special aim of the writer. As Augustine, Bunyan, and Rousseau are bound to refer to themselves when they undertake to write their confessions, so Wordsworth is bound to speak of himself in 'The Prelude.' In the yet longer poem of The Excursion' his references to himself are far less numerous; here he is but a minor personage in the dialogue. The personal utterances of Milton in Paradise Lost,' an epic, may be thought to be more of an intrusion of extraneous matter. In his sonnets, of course, the practice of Wordsworth varies with his subject and purpose. The Concordance' lists a dozen occurrences of the pronoun I in the 131 Ecclesiastical Sonnets.' The Concordance of Mrs. Furness to the minor poems of Shakespeare shows that the words I, me, mine, and my occur, all told, over 900 times in 144 sonnets. This is quite the equal of anything in Dante, or Wordsworth, or Pindar; though perhaps the chief thought it suggests is that, when a great THE FIRST WOMEN DOCTORS.-The death of Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake on Sunday, the 7th of January, should be made a note of, as she was the first to secure for women the right of entry into the medical profession in Great Britain. She was born January, 1840, and was sister of Dr. Jex - Blake, formerly Head Master of Rugby, afterwards Dean of Wells. From 1858 to 1864 she was Mathematical Tutor at Queen's College, London, but after travelling in the United States she became interested in the movement-started by the late Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell-for the admission of women to medical degrees; and when Dr. Blackwell had obtained her degree and become lecturer in the New York College for Women, Miss Jex-Blake became a member of her first class, and resolved to devote herself to medicine. After a course of study at Boston she returned to England in the hope of securing admission to the Medical Register, but at that time none of the British medical schools would admit a woman to their classes. 66 the In 1869 Miss Jex-Blake, with other ladies, succeeded in inducing the University of Edinburgh to adopt regulations for the education of women in medicine in the University in separate classes, and, when the class lists were issued, it was announced that female students had attained a higher degree of success than the males." The women's claims to be admitted to the wards of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, the litigation that followed, the severe articles written by Mrs. Lynn Linton in The Saturday Review, and the subsequent triumph, are matters of history. Miss Jex-Blake came to London, founded the School of Medicine for Women, and in 1876 Russell Gurney's Bill was passed. Dr. Sophia Jex-Blake returned to Edinburgh, and there practised and established a school of medicine for women; she retired in 1899. Another pioneer is still with us: Miss Elizabeth Garrett, afterwards Dr. Garrett Anderson. The number of women now practising as doctors may make the present generation forget the struggle to secure that position. A. N. Q. SIR HENRY VANE THE YOUNGER.-I got from a second-hand catalogue recently an interesting volume which is perhaps worth a little paragraph in N. & Q. It is a copy of Sir Henry Vane's Retired Man's Meditations (1655). Inside the cover, on the board of the volume, is the signature John Locke in very faded ink. The signature has been compared with Locke's handwriting and pronounced genuine. Locke began public life as a secretary to Sir Henry's brother, Sir Walter Vane, when in 1664 he went as envoy to the Court of the Elector of Brandenburgh. This was only two years after Sir Henry had been beheaded on Tower Hill. It is a curious circumstance that the volume contained a scrap of paper on which were written, by some contemporary bookseller, the names of volumes of Jacob Behmen for sale-including his Answers to Walter,' his Principles,' and his Aurora.' The interest of this lies in the coincidence that Vane himself is supposed to have been a disciple of Behmen's. Lerwick. 6 J. WILLCOCK. LAMB OR LAMBE.-Twice during rambling reading in one evening I met with Lamb's name with a final e: First in The Beauties of the Anti-Jacobin' ('The New Morality'), 1799, p. 306 : And ye five other wandering bards that move In sweet accord of harmony and love, C-dge and S-th-y, Ld and L-be and Co. Tune all your mystic harps to praise Lepaux ! and secondly in Byron's 'Poetical Works,' 1 vol., royal 8vo, Murray, 1851, p., 422, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers' :Or yield one single thought to be misled By Jeffrey's heart, or Lambe's Boeotian breed. The same spelling of Lamb's name is given in an explanatory note (presumably Byron's): "Messrs. Jeffrey and Lambe are the alpha and omega, the first and the last of The Edinburgh Review." I have no remembrance of the alternative spelling being mentioned by any of Lamb's biographers, but there is a curious contemporary instance in the publishers' account of the Specimens of English Dramatic Poets.' The heading in Messrs. Longman's ledger of 1808 is Lambe's Specimens.' I can quite understand that if the real name of Elia had been "Lambe" it would frequently have been misspelt "Lamb," but I do not at all see why, in three instances during the lifetime of the author, independent persons should have given the uncommon form Lambe." 66 W. H. PEET. RICHARDS OF BRAMLEY HOUSE.-On the fly-leaf of a copy of Gwillim's 'Heraldry,' 1660 (fourth edition), in my possession, is the following manuscript note, which may interest some of your readers: "Richards of Bramley House, Suffolk. James, Esq., created Barronet 22 Feb., 1683/4. Of this Family was John Richard, who came into England with the Queen-Mother of King Charles a numerous Issue. James his youngest son was first Knighted by King Charles ye 2a for saving several Men of Wars, and by ye sd King advanced to ye Dignity of Barronet the 35 year of his Reign, Bristole, by whom he had two sons St John his he married first Anne Popeley of Red-house in Successor and Arthur and one Daughter Elizabeth. His Second Wife was Beatrice Herren by whome he left four Sons (viz.) Joseph, Phillip (married to ye eldest daughter of Count Montema Lieut.-General in ye Spanish Servise), 3d James, 4th Lewis, also one daughter Clara. St James settled in Spain at Cadiz where he dyed and was succeeded by his eldest son St John Richards now living unmarried at Cadiz. He bearethArgent a chevron azure, in base a lyon Rampant and three Harts gules. Crest, a Demy lyon, a Hart between its paws gules. St Joseph Richards lies buried in St. Pancras near London under a Monument, he Died the Day of 1738 aged 53, his motto is Honore et Amore." W. E. NANSON. the second from Thoulouse in France-he had Endcliffe, Eccles. DICKENSIANA.-In the 'Pickwick Papers,' Mr. Lowten, clerk to Mr. Perker, Pickwick's solicitor, makes his first appearance at chap. xx., and is frequently heard of in later parts of the book. There are two portraits known of a Thomas Lowten: one noted in John Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto PorEarl, published 1807; the other (also a traits,' as engraved by John Young after mezzotint), engraved by Charles Turner after T. Philips, R.A., 1808. The subject of these portraits is described by Chaloner Smith as 66 Solicitor; Clerk of nisi prius' in Court of King's Bench; Deputy Clerk of the Pipe; founder of the Lowtenian Society of Solicitors; died in the Inner Temple, Jan. 2, 1814, aged 67." What was the Lowtenian Society of Solicitors"? May it not be possible that some knowledge or recollection on the part of Dickens of the surname Lowten" in connexion with the law may account for its having been appropriated as in Pickwick'? In Dombey and Son,' chap. v., we read that Mr. Dombey nominated one Rob "on the foundation of an ancient establishment called (from a worshipful company) the Charitable Grinders, where not only is a wholesome education bestowed upon the scholars, but where a dress and badge is likewise provided for them." It may be CLIFTON CAMPVILLE CHURCH.-The fine church of Clifton Campville, Staffordshire (near Tamworth), has just been saved from ruin-at a cost of about 3,0007.—an expenditure of 500l. or so being still needed to preserve the ancient windows and to complete the tower. This magnificent building has for many years been in a deplorable state. The thirteenth-century masonry and buttresses in the north wall, and the southern pillars, have been fully repaired where necessary; and the roof has been put back to its original place. ST. PANCRAS, 1817.-There has come into my hands a sketch, 9 in. by 4 in., of the St. Pancras Workhouse, and inn at the corner of King's Road, 1817. The workhouse is a row of small houses, with a high red-brick wall in front, through which is an entrance gate surmounted by a lamp. The inn stands opposite, at a corner where two roads meet; it has a hanging sign, a tall (iron) pump, and a lamp on a post. There are some trees behind, and in front are open spaces of grass surrounded by a single-rail fence. W. C. B. "THE SAME YET," INN SIGN.-At Prestwich, in Lancashire, there is an inn with this sign. It once bore the name of "The Seven Stars." When the sign was being repainted, the painter asked the landlord what he was answer, Considerable to put upon the board, and received the him at his word (Millgate Monthly). "The same yet," and the man took fresco-work has been discovered, evidently that noted by Shaw, but it is very indistinct. The chantry chapel has been restored, and is now no longer screened off from the church, FREDERICK LAWRENCE TAVARÉ. Manchester. MRS. MARY YOUNG, ETON DAME.Can any one tell me what was the maiden name and who was the husband of Mrs. Mary Young, a well-known dame at Eton during the eighteenth century ? Edward Young, Bishop of Dromore, and afterwards of Ferns, was her son; and she had a daughter Catherine, who married the Rev. Septimus Plumptre, Vicar of Mansfield. Mrs. Mary Young died in 1775. Further, what was there that was "shocking" about the death of Mrs. Young, the wife of Edward Young? Lady Sarah Bunbury mentions the death in a letter to her sister dated 22 June, 1765 (The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox,' vol. i. p. 170); and a foot-note mentions that Mrs. Edward Young was probably a natural daughter of Lord Holland. Is anything more known about her ? R. A. A. L. NATA This "CHRISTIANA REGINA BOHEMIA HEREVIA" (?), born 1724, died 1780. is the description of a Queen pictured in an engraving, whom I wish to learn about. Presumably she belonged to one of the extensive and confusing families of the Palatinate. Was she born in Bohemia, and a Queen somewhere else? NEL MEZZO. GIGGLESWICK SCHOOL SEAL.-Can any of your correspondents give me information on the Giggleswick School seal? It is oval shape, with Virgin and Child, and beneath a priest praying. Round the rim are these words: "Sigillū Prebendarii de Buldon." CADELL & DAVIES: THEIR SUCCESSORS. -T. Cadell & W. Davies were publishers with offices in the Strand in the early part of the nineteenth century. Who succeeded them, and what publishing house of to-day might by chance have their filed proof copies ? It would be interesting, I am sure, to many readers to have a list of early publishers and printers, with their successors and their modern representatives. J. H. R. [See F. A. Mumby's Romance of Bookselling,' 1910, and the numerous lists that have appeared in N. & Q.'] AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.-Can any of your readers help me to the name of the author of the following lines, and of the poem in which they occur ?— O voi ch' avete gl' intelletti sani, P. I. Could some one inform me what is the source of the following? He spurns the earth with a disdainful heel, Emerson gives the following quotation as the translation of an old French poem :— Some of your hurts you have cured, And the sharpest you still have survived; Who was the author, and what are the original lines? M. L. R. BRESLAR. 1. Can any one give me "chapter and verse for the following quotation, often, but I believe erroneously, attributed to Carlyle?—“I shall pass through this world 2. Can any one give me the authorship and it would be interesting if any one who of the following line? HENRY DOWNES MILES. I should be glad of information concerning Henry Downes Miles, the author of 'Pugilistica and other works. He seems to have been 70 years of age when the second volume of Pugilistica' was published in 1880. has access to another copy, or to Mr. Morris's own copy, which appeared in his sale catalogue, would verify the quotation. R. S. SPANISH TITLES GRANTED TO IRISHMEN. of N. & Q.' will kindly advise me where I -I shall be infinitely obliged if some reader can find definite data regarding the titles granted by Philip IV. of Spain to the Irishmen who fought in the " Wars of the Netherlands." Is there a book which gives the arms of the gentlemen so ennobled, and cannot their descendants still bear these titles ? This information I desire to complete a genealogical table. RENÉ DE LAZLA. Paris. [This query appeared at p. 427 of our last volume. We regret that hitherto no replies have been forthcoming.] QUEEN ANNE AND HER CHILDREN.--Queen Anne, who married George, Prince of Denmark, 28 July, 1683, and became a widow 28 Oct., 1708, is said very often in periodical and other publications to have had May I take this opportunity of saying that we badly want a biographical dictionary of minor worthies? Neither Henry Downes Miles nor many of the prizefighters whose biographies we enjoy in his pages are included in the Dictionary of National Bio-seventeen children, though in the Royal graphy.' This is not meant as a disparagement of that work to which I am in the habit of referring every day of my life; nor is it meant as a disparagement of Sir Leslie Stephen or Sir Sidney Lee, both of whom have written books which no wellregulated library can dispense with. It is only to say that these editors seem to me to have worked on a wrong principle of selection and rejection while they were engaged upon the Dictionary of National Biography.' CLEMENT K. SHORTER. THE PIANO IN CONSIDERANT'S 'DESTINÉE SOCIALE.'-Miss Morris, in her introduction to 'Sigurd' (Collected Works of William Morris,' vol. xii. p. x), quotes from memory a phrase of Considerant's," the ferocious, the inevitable, the untameable piano," as a great favourite of her father's. Like her, Lineage which forms the introduction to Burke's Peerage' six only (two sons and four daughters) are recorded. Is there any truth in the statement that as many as seventeen were born to her, and if so, where can a complete record be found? F. DE H. L. ANNE WENTWORTH.-I should be much obliged to the readers of N. & Q.' for any information concerning Anne, daughter and heiress of John Wentworth of Codham Hall, Essex, and Anne Bettenham his wife. She married (1) Hugh Rich, son of Lord Chancellor Rich; (2) Henry Fitzalan, Lord Maltravers ; and (3) William Deane. Is the date of her birth known? Is there any portrait of her in existence? She left no descendants, and her property, including Gosfield Hall, which she built, passed to her |