St. Paul's CATHEDRAL. See Chap- Mr. Decimus Burton, as an entrance to ter V. Buckingham Palace. It has four CorinST. PAUL'S, Covent-garden.-Inigo thian columns in each of its two princiJones and John Hardwick, architects. pal façades, 36 feet high. The front of Built 1633, destroyed by fire, 1795; re- the building is 60 feet in length, and built after the same design. The bold pro- 60 feet high at the centre. The archijecting cornices and the Tuscan columns tect's design is left incomplete; a quadoutside, and the eight Corinthian co- riga, with a figure symbolical of Britain, lumns of the altar-piece within, have was intended on the summit, bas-reliefs found many admirers. In front of this on the sides of the attic and front walls, church the hustings are raised during and a statue over each column, none of the election for Westminster, these have been yet executed; but,

ST. SEPULCHRE's, Snow-hill. Com-against the advice of the architect, a pleted by Sir C. Wren, 1670. Parts of colossal equestrian statue has been the old walls still remain. The interior placed upon the building, with which it of this building has been much admired, is entirely out of proportion and harbut the ceiling is too low, considering the mony. The ponderous cast-iron gates great length of the church. The roof are of a highly decorated character. is supported by twelve pillars of the THE ARMY AND NAVY CLUB-HOUSE, Tuscan order, and the ornaments are Pall-mall.--Architects, Messrs. Parnell acanthus leaves and feathers. The gal- and Alfred Smith. The site for the new leries are great deformities to the beauty Club-house was purchased in 1845, at a of this interior. The bell of this tower cost (including some works for foundais tolled at the execution of criminals tions) of £54,000. The first stone of at Newgate. Observe the organ, which the building was laid by Col. Daniell, is one of the finest in London. See Coldstream Guards, on the 13th of Chapter XV. May, 1848, and was completed and SCOTCH CHURCH, Regent-square.-opened for the use of the members, Erected, 1828, by Mr. W. Tite. This is on the 25th of February, 1851. The a large pile of building in the Gothic style of the elevation is Italian, indeed style; the north front of which, some- the traveller will immediately recognise what resembles York Minster. This in this building a resemblance to Sanchurch was built for the celebrated Ed-sovino's Pallazzo Cornaro, at Venice, ward Irving, the founder of the sect from which it is avowedly borcalled Irvingites. rowed; the spandrils, formed by the SWEDENBORGIAN CHURCH, Argyle- circular heads of the windows, are square.-A small building of the Nor-filled in with sculptured ancient miliman style, the interior of which is in tary and naval emblems; above is a good taste. handsome cornice, with richly-sculptured See frieze, and the whole is surmounted by a balustrade. The internal arrangeST. VEDAST, Foster-lane.-Erected ment is as follows:-On the ground1698, by Sir C. Wren. Distinguished floor, the entrance is by a loggia (in for its steeple. Over the door is an George-street). leading to a vestibule, ancient sculpture, representing the from which is reached the members' Christian virtues. coffee-room, 81 feet 6 inches by 30 feet 6 inches, with a recess in addition. PART II.-PALATIAL, DOMESTIC, AND This floor also contains a visitors' GENERAL ARCHITECTURE, FROM THE dining-room and a house dinner-room, (decorated by Mr. Sang); and the ARCH, on Constitution-hill, Hyde-morning-room, 71 feet by 27 feet park-corner. Originally erected by 6 inches, occupying the whole frontage

ST. STEPHEN'S,

Chapter V.

SAME PERIOD.

Walbrook.

next Pall-mall, and in height including | Burton, architect. Is entered on the the mezzanine floor. The ceiling is west front, from a portico (Roman coved, with enriched papier-maché orna- Doric), surmounted by a statue of Miments, and the piers between the win-nerva. A bas-relief, copied from the dows are covered with silvered plate- frieze of the Parthenon, extends the glass. The principal staircase is 40 feet whole length of three sides of the buildby 26 feet, and has a double flight of ing. The house comprises, on the steps, leading to the one-pair floor, ground-floor, a spacious hall and stairwhich contains a writing-room, visitors' case, coffee-room, morning-room, and drawing-room, members' drawing-room, house dinner-room; on the one-pair 23 feet 3 inches by 28 feet 3 inches, and floor, a library or reading-room, 100 feet library, 49 feet by 28 feet 3 inches; the by 30 feet, two others of less dimensions, last two rooms being divided by a par- and a committee-room. Vide "London tition, in which is introduced a large Interiors," published by J. Mead. sheet of plate-glass. On the upper floor BANK OF ENGLAND. See Chapter V. are the following rooms :-non-smoking No. 44, BERKELEY-SQUARE. - Kent card-room, non-smoking billiard-room, architect. The residence of C. Baring smoking-card-room, smoking billiard- Wall, Esq., built for Lady Isabella room, and smoking-room, outside of Finch, by Kent. One of the most which is a balcony and verandah. There severe critics upon architecture (Walis ample provision for lavatories and pole) speaks of the staircase and saloon every convenience required; also the of this house as remarkably fine. necessary apartments and dormitories BRIDGEWATER HOUSE, Green Park. for the numerous servants and officers --After the designs of Mr. C. Barry. of the Club. The basement floor con- Is the residence of the Earl of Ellestains the kitchen, 40 feet 6 inches by mere. The house, which is 142 feet 34 feet, fitted with range, hot plates, from east to west, by 120 north to gas stoves, stewing stoves, also the south, has two fronts, one towards sculleries, larders for meat, dressed Cleveland-row, and the other facing the and undressed, for fish, vegetables, &c.; Park. The chief character and emcook's apartment, for superintendence, bellishments of this building are derived wine and other cellars, and all acommo- from fenestration alone. All the princidation required. The cost of the build-pal floor windows have segmental pediing was

For the carcase

For the interior.....

Which, added to the cost of the site......

£18,500

16,500

£35,000

54,000

ments, whose tympanums are filled in with arabesque foliage, and a shield with the cypher E. E. The windows of the upper floor being much smaller, and comparatively plain, that division of the elevation has upright moulded panels introduced between the windows, whereby a certain expression of increasing Makes a total expenditure of £89,000 decoration is given to the upper part of the building. The roof is hidden by ASHBURNHAM HOUSE, Little Dean's a balustrade, surmounted by urns, with Yard, Westminster.-Erected by Inigo ornamental chimneys. The south front Jones. The drawing-room, dining- differs very little from the middle of room, and staircase of this house, the the other. The picture gallery at only portion of the original building, Bridgewater House is very fine. See are a fine specimen of the domestic chapter to Artists and Connoisseurs. architecture of this eminent man. BRITISH MUSEUM, Great Russell

ATHENEUM CLUB-hOUSE, Waterloo- street. See Chapter V. place.--Erected 1829. Mr. Decimus BUCKINGHAM PALACE, St. James's

Park. Was erected in 1703, on the the lantern-hall (which is adorned with site of what was originally called the four bassi-relievi, after Stothard), and Mulberry-gardens, by the learned and leads to the state rooms, which, though accomplished John Sheffield, Duke of somewhat fantastic, are very splendid. Buckingham, who died in 1720. In The grand saloon, or principal draw1761 this palace became the property ing-room, is adorned with Corinthian of the late Queen Charlotte, who made columns of imitation lapis lazuli, with it her town residence; and here all her gilt capitals, supporting a rich cornice children, with the exception of the and frieze. The floor is inlaid with eldest, were born. Here likewise several satin and Amboyna wood. The green royal marriages have taken place: the drawing-room, hung with rich damask late Duke of York and Princess Fre- drapery and gold bullion fringe, is derica of Prussia, in 1791; Duke of divided by gilt pilasters. It is ornaGloucester and Princess Mary, 1816; mented with portraits of the House of Prince of Homburg and Princess Eliza- Hanover, and two precious cabinets. beth, 1818; and the Duke of Cam- The yellow or south drawing-room has bridge and Princess of Hesse, in the columns of deep red imitation marble, same year. and mirrors of great size. The whole

Between 1825 and 1830 the whole of of these apartments are superbly furthe building was remodelled, under the nished, and have lustres of great beauty. direction of Mr. Nash. The centre Besides these are the state and private being a parallelogram, from each side dining-rooms. The throne-room is

of which extended a wing, the whole richly gilt and huug with crimson silk, forming three sides of a square. In the ceiling embossed with great magni1846 extensive alterations were com-ficence, and the frieze contains bassimenced, under the direction of Mr. relievi by Bailey, after designs by StotBlore, and the present works are in hard, representing the wars of York and course of completion. The entrance- Lancaster. The imperial throne is hall is paved with variegated marble, placed in the alcove at the end of the bordered with a scroll of Sienna, cen- apartment. From this splendid room tred with puce-coloured rosettes. The a door leads into the picture gallery, a walls are of scagliola, and the ceiling is noble saloon, running nearly the whole supported by forty-four white marble length of the palace, directly in the columns, decorated with Corinthian centre, being 164 feet by 28 The piccapitals of mosaic gold. Behind the ture gallery contains some few pictures hall is a vestibule of considerable length, collected by George IV.; for descripforming a sculpture gallery, against the tion of which, see Chapter VIII. sides of which are thirty-two columns, BURLINGTON HOUSE, Piccadilly. similar to those in the entrance-hall. Gateway and colonnade within the wall, In the centre of the vestibule is the after the designs of Lord Burlington. door of the libraries, a handsome suite CARLTON CLUB-HOUSE, Pall Mall.of three rooms looking on to the garden; Architect, Mr. Sydney Smirke. Only to the right are private apartments of the west wing of this building is exethe queen, and the staircase leading to cuted, but the Club is under contract them; and to the left are the queen's with the Commissioners of Woods to study, and three rooms for secretaries, complete the whole. The north and &c. Returning to the hall, to the left south fronts are in the Italian style; of the entrance is the grand staircase, with two orders; the lower Doric; the the stairs of which are of solid blocks upper enriched Ionic. They are exeof white marble, and the rail is richly cuted in Caen stone, except the shafts formed of mosaic gold and mahogany. of the columns and pilasters, which are The staircase ascends on either side of of red Scotch granite, highly polished.

accommodation for servants.

Is a

CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL, in Agar- Under the external dome is another, street, Strand. Mr. Decimus Bur- which supports the upper one, and also ton, architect. Is an extensive build- a third, which forms the ceiling of ing, containing wards, capable of receiv- the picture. The dome of support is ing above 100 male and female patients; hemispherical, constructed of ribs coma theatre, dispensary, and necessary posed of thin deals in thicknesses, breakoffices for the medical attendants. ing joint and spiked together, on the CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, Newgate-street. principle laid down by M. Philibert de See Chapter V. L'Orme in the 14th century, and introduced here for the first time, it is beCLUB CHAMBERS, in Regent-street-lieved, in England. It has been since Mr. Decimus Burton, architect. large pile of building, in the Italian adopted at the great Conservatory at Chatsworth, etc. The various subordistyle, containing eighty separate apart-nate buildings and conservatories subsements for gentlemen, with requisite quently erected, were not designed or superintended by Mr. D. Burton, with COAL EXCHANGE, Thames - street. the exception of the large building next See Chapter V. Albany-street, which contains the CyCOLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.-Erected clorama Exhibition. The expenditure by Sir R. Smirke. Forming a part of on the Colosseum and buildings conthe west side of Trafalgar-square. It nected with it, together with its exhibiis a Greek Ionic building, ranging on tions, must have considerably exceeded the eastern front with the Union Club- £120,000. The late Mr. Peto was the house, which was also erected by Sir contractor for the original building. Robert Smirke. The eastern façade Vide Britton's "Public Buildings of and the north end, into the entrance London," and thecontents of Colosseum, portico, are of Greek Ionic architec- Chapter V. of this work. ture; executed in Bath and Portland CONSERVATIVE CLUB-HOUSE, St. James's-street.-Designed and superinCOLLEGE OF SURGEONS (ROYAL), tended conjointly by Messrs. S. Smirke Lincoln's-inn-fields.-Erected 1836, by and Basevi. The façade is in the Roman Mr. C. Barry. The order is Ionic, style of architecture, consisting of an with a portico; on the frieze of which order of Corinthian columns and pilasis inscribed, " Collegium Regale Chi-ters, upon a rusticated basement. The rurgorum ;" and on the summit are whole executed in Caen and Portland placed the arms of the College, sup- stones. The chief feature in this Clubported by Machaon and Podalirius, two house is the arrangement of the hall, sons of Esculapius. The interior is which is lighted chiefly from a circular well arranged. For contents, see Chap-opening in the ceiling, through which is ter V. seen the domed skylight, which is imTHE COLOSSEUM, in the Regent's-park, mediately over, and serves to light not erected in the years 1826-7, by Mr. De- only the lower hall, but also the vesticimus Burton, to receive Mr. Horner's bule above. The interior is divided into Panorama of London, is a polygonal the usual rooms comprising such estabuilding, 132 feet diameter, of sixteen blishments, some of which are very sides, surmounted by a flat circular dome, extensive and highly decorated. All the summit of which is 100 feet above the the columns are of scagliola, in imitation ground. The carriage approach is under of Sienna and other marbles, and of a hexastyle portico of the Grecian Doric different orders. Those of the morningorder, the columns of which, are of the room are Ionic; in the coffee-room, same proportions as, but exceed in di- Italian; whilst those in the evening-room mensions, those of the Parthenon. are Corinthian. In the library the square

stone.

H

pillars and pilasters have their shafts persons. There is in it a large organ, panelled with green and grey scagliola, built by Mr. Walker. See Chapter V. and their capitals bronzed. In the FISHMONGERS' HALL, on the north principal rooms of the ground-floor, side of London-bridge.-Erected 1834, the doors and other fittings are of wain- by Mr. H. Roberts, in the place of the scot oak, and the upper one of Spanish old hall erected by Sir C. Wren, but mahogany. The fittings and furniture pulled down in 1828, to form the apthroughout are of the most costly de- proaches to London-bridge. The prescription. sent building consists of a granite CONSERVATORY, or WINTER GAR-basement devoted to offices, and the suDEN, in the Royal Botanic Society's perstructure of Portland stone, on a Grounds, Regent's-park, is a plain un-level with the road, which contains the architectural building, constructed after state-rooms, etc. The road front conthe design of Mr. Decimus Burton, sists of fluted Ionic columns, with wholly of iron and glass, 176 feet in pilasters in antis, above which are the length, and 75 feet in breadth, exclusive arms of the Company, richly carved in of a circular projection, making the stone. The river front presents two central breadth 100 feet; the object of ranges, the arched basement supporting the design being to cover as large a columns bearing a pediment. There is space of garden as possible (within a preserved here a curious statue of Sir limited outlay) as a promenade in a W. Walworth, whose right hand grasps temperate atmosphere in the winter the identical dagger with which he season. The portion erected consti- struck Wat Tyler.

tutes about one-fourth of the whole FREEMASONS' HALL, Great Queendesign. Mr. R. Turner, of Dublin, was street.-Mr.T. Sandby architect. Opened the contractor. May, 1776. This is considered an eleCOVENT-GARDEN THEATRE, Bow-gant interior, both in architectural chastreet. This is one of Sir Robert racter and decoration. Its length is 92 Smirke's very earliest, as well as one of feet, breadth 43 feet, and height 60 feet. his most considerable works. It was It is built of a composed order, and the first important building in London, surrounded by an entablature and corof purely Greek Doric taste, and led to nice, supported by pilasters and square a fashion which prevailed many years. CUSTOM HOUSE, Thames-street. See Chapter V.

fluted columns, between which are panels, occupied by full-length portraits of illustrious persons who have been Grand Masters. The ceiling is partly coved and partly horizontal. In the centre is represented the sun, in burnished gold, surrounded by the twelve signs of the zodiac. At some public meetings in this hall, 2,000 persons have been assembled.

EXETER HALL, Strand.- Erected 1831, by Mr. Gandy Deering. This build- GATES AND LODGES IN HYDE PARK, ing is used for public meetings, concerts, at Hyde-park-corner, Stanhope-street, etc. It is in the Greco-Corinthian style, Grosvenor-street, and Knightsbridge, and until lately had a handsome trabe- after the designs of Mr. Decimus Burton, ated and deeply-coffered ceiling, which are in the Grecian style of architecture, was removed by Mr. Daukes, for the sake as well as those at Buckingham-gate, of giving elevation, and adapting the St. James's Park. The Gates at Hyde. room to sound. It is 131 feet long by park-corner are in a façade, composed of 76 feet wide, and 57 feet high in the Ionic columns and three arches. The centre, the present ceiling being vaulted. iron-work of the gates and railing is of The Hall will contain upwards of 3,000 ornamental character. The attic over