Julius Cæsar's invasion of Britain,

(British Heroes: Cassibelaunus, Caractacus, Boadicea.)

The Romans quitted the island,

55 B.C.

448 A.D.

449

The Saxons enter under Hengist and Horsa,
Prince Arthur, the British hero who opposed the Saxons, and
who instituted the Order of the Knights of the Round Table, 525
Christianity introduced by the missionary St. Augustin, sent

by Pope Gregory,

The Saxon Heptarchies united into one kingdom, called England, under the Saxon King Egbert,

The great Saxon King Alfred,

Canute the Dane, king of England,

The invasion of England by William Duke of Normandy, and
the defeat of Harold, the last Saxon king, at Hastings,
First Crusade under Godfrey de Bouillon. Jerusalem taken
by the Christians from the Turks,

596

828

871 to 900

1017 to 1036

1066

. 1095

1100

Union of the Norman and Saxon Dynasties by the Marriage
of Henry 1. with the Saxon Princess Matilda,
Conquest of Ireland in the reign of Henry II. (Plantagenet),
Jerusalem taken from the Christians by the Sultan Saladin,
decided Richard 1., Philip Augustus, and Frederick Bar-
berossa, to undertake the Third Crusade,

Magna Charta extorted from King John by the English
Barons,

Admission of the Commons into the English Parliament in the reign of Henry II.,

Conquest of Wales by Edward 1.,

1172

Edward III. assumed the armorial bearings and title of King of France, which caused a war that lasted 100 years-Battle of Cressy,

Treaty of Troyes signed by Isabella, Queen of France, and the
Duke of Burgundy, by which Henry v. of England was re-
cognised heir to the throne of France on the death of
Charles VI., .

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

Civil Wars caused by the rival claims of the Houses of York
and Lancaster, called the War of the Roses; First Battle
Battle of Bosworth Field, twelfth and last battle between the
rival Houses, and which placed Henry Tudor (ví.) on the
throne,
Reformation, or abolition of the Pope's authority over the
Church of England in Henry VIII.'s reign,
Defeat of the Spanish Armada sent by Philip II. to restore the
Roman Catholic religion in England,

Accession of the Stuart Dynasty to the throne of England,
James I.,
Civil war between Charles 1. and the Parliament or Repub-
lican party. Battles: Edge Hill, Marston Moor, Naseby.
Eminent Men: Oliver Cromwell, Hampden, Falkland, Lord
Strafford, Laud, Prince Rupert,

English Commonwealth under the Protectorship of Oliver
Cromwell,

Restoration of the Monarchy in the person of Charles II., brought about by General Monk,

1455 A.D.

1485

1534

1588

1603

311

1640 to 1649

1649 to 1658

1660

The Monarchical and Roman Catholic reaction producing
deep dissatisfaction, resulted in the expulsion of James II.,
and the acceptance by William III. of the Crown of England, 1689
War of the Spanish Succession undertaken to prevent the
establishment of a Bourbon Dynasty in Spain. Battles:
Blenheim, Ramilies, Malplaquet, &c. Hero: Marl-
borough,

1720

Period of Corruption of the British Parliament, and of the Money-Speculators, Law and Blunt, War of the Austrian Succession, in which England engaged in order to secure to Maria Theresa her hereditary possessions on the death of her father, the Emperor Charles VI. Battles: Dettingen, 1743; Fontenoi, 1745. English General: Duke of Cumberland. French Hero: Marshal Saxe, 1740 to 1748 Seven years' war between England and France on the subject of the Boundaries of their respective American Colonies. In this war England took Canada from the French. The war raged at the same time in India under Clive, and the French General Dupleix,

America declared herself independent of the mother country (4th July), .

1755 to 1762

1776

The French people seize the Bastille, one of the first acts that inaugurated the French Revolution,

Wars of England conducted by the Duke of Wellington and
Commodore Nelson against Napoleon Buonaparte,
Period of Social Reforms, viz., Parliamentary Reform, Catholic
Emancipation, Poor-Laws, Tithes, &c., Abolition of Corn-
Laws, Free Trade, &c.,

Insurrection of the Sepoys, or Native East Indian Army, led
to the Suppression of the East India Company, and the An-
nexation of the East Indies to the English Crown, .

. 1789 A.D.

1793 to 1815

1815 to 1858

1858

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL BATTLE-FIELDS OF ENGLAND, WITH REFERENCES TO THE MAP.

In the Map the Battle-fields of the Wars of the Roses have a circle drawn round the figure which marks them.