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These lines are given as follows in
Epigrams,' by W. Davenport Adams (p. 107):-
On a Regiment sent to Oxford, and a Present of Books
to Cambridge, by George 1. (1715).

The King, observing with judicious eyes
The state of both his universities,

To Oxford sent a troop of horse; and why?
That learned body wanted loyalty:

To Cambridge books he sent, as well discerning
How much that loyal body wanted learning.

Dr. Joseph Trapp (1679–1747). From Nichols's Literary Anecdotes':— Extempore Reply to the Above.

The King to Oxford sent a troop of horse,
For Tories own no argument but force;
With equal skill to Cambridge books he sent,
For Whigs admit no force but argument.

Sir William Browne.

Dr. Johnson called this one of the happiest extemporaneous productions he had ever met with. A. C. W.

I believe the correct rendering of the lines to which your correspondent SIR PATRICK MAXWELL refers are as follows:

Lines sent from Oxford to Cambridge.
The King, beholding with judicious eyes
The state of both his universities,

To Oxford marched a troop of horse; for why?
That learned body wanted loyalty;

To Cambridge he sent books, full well discerning,
How much that loyal body wanted learning.
The answer to this, sent from Cambridge, was
as follows:-

The King to Oxford marched a troop of horse, Tories admit no argument but force; With equal care to Cambridge books he sent, For Whigs allow no force but argument. The king in question was William III. It is a fact that he did at the same time send a troop of horse to Oxford and a present of books to Cambridge. C. W. CASS.

AEROLITES (8th S. x. 50, 125).-In Symons's Meteorological Magazine for February, 1896, p. 11, referring to a report by Reuter's Agency of the 'Explosion of a Meteorite over Madrid,' on Monday, 10 Feb., the editor thus writes:

"We notice that Reuter's Agency calls it an 'aerolite.' We thought that an aerolite differed from a meteor or

meteorite in that the former was chiefly stone, the latter chiefly iron and nickel; but on turning to a dictionary we find no distinction drawn between the two; and worse still, on looking into the best English book upon the subject, Dr. Flight's Chapter in the History of Meteorites,' we find the two words used indiscrimi nately." CELER ET AUDAX.

BREVE AND CROTCHET (8th S. x. 496).—In the Appendix to my 'Dictionary,' second edition, p. 797, I give for crotchet the references, Catholicum Anglicum, p. 83; Towneley Mysteries, 116." I presume that the latter reference is the very one to which E. S. A. alludes.

My "earliest examples" were only such as my industry could collect for myself. The New English Dictionary' very frequently has earlier instances, but not always; but it should always be consulted for words beginning with A, B, C, D, E, F. D and F are not quite finished, but are well advanced. WALTER W. SKEAT.

MOTTO (8th S. x. 455).-"A Passage perillus makyth a Port pleasaunt." Mr. Robert Christy, in his Proverbs, Maxims, and Phrases of All Ages,' London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1888, vol. ii. p. 143, gives a parallel motto, "The worse the passage the more welcome the Port." It is in Hazlitt also. J. B. FLEMING.

Kelvinside, Glasgow.

This motto is inscribed on the wall of a prison in the Tower of London, above_the_signature "Arthur Poole, A. 1568." Arthur Poole (the great-grandson of George, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV.) was in 1562, with his brother Edmund, committed to the Tower on a charge of conspiring to place Mary Stuart on the English throne, marry her to Edmund, and restore Arthur to his great-grandfather's dukedom. They were confined for life in the Beauchamp Tower. (There is an engraving of the above inscription on p. 761 of J. R. Green's 'Short History,' vol. ii.) H. F. MOULE.

ESCHUID (8th S. viii. 409, 452; ix. 53, 152, 218; x. 83).—See Symons's Meteorological Magazine for September and November, 1896.

CELER ET AUDAX.

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grave." It would seem that, chiefly after his death, Pitt Clubs were founded in many important towns, and that in Manchester there was a very well-known one. In the 'Manchester School Register, in a memoir of Dr. Smith, for thirty years high master of the school, it is said :

"In politics he was an adherent through life of the Tory party, and of course a member of the Manchester Pitt Club. Soon after coming to Manchester (i.e., about 1807) he was elected a member of the then very exclusive club meeting at the Mosley Street Assembly Rooms" (vol. iii. p. 6).

I can remember many years ago, in my boyish days, a large plaster-of-Paris medallion of the celebrated statesman round which ran an inscription, "Manchester Pitt Club." At that time, being fond of scientific pursuits, I submitted a wax cast of it to the electrotyping process.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

ACCENTS IN FRENCH (8th S. x. 457).—The following remarks may be of use to your correspondent. Accents were unknown in Old French. They were introduced by the grammarians of the sixteenth century, in imitation of the Greek accents, which were intended to mark intensity of pronun

ciation.

The circumflex accent usually denotes a syllable that has become long by the suppression of a letter, as in fête for feste, &c. It is also placed on long Greek and Latin vowels, as dôme (dua); but pôle (Tóλos) is incorrect. This came into use towards the end of the seventeenth century.

Accents in literature sometimes only serve to distinguish words that are pronounced the same, as ou and où, la and là.

The cedilla comes from the Italian zediglia, a crotchet shaped like a z, which the Italians placed under c to give it the sound of s and z. This sign came into general use in France at the beginning of the sixteenth century.

The trema (Greek Tpua) placed on vowels indicates that the second has a pronunciation distinct from the first. It was first employed in the sixteenth century.

In French the tonic accent always falls on the last syllable of a word except when that syllable is mute, when it falls on the penultimate. In Old French, when accents were unknown, the last syllable which was accentuated always ended in a consonant; and even now there is fluctuation in such forms as clé and clef, diné and diner, soupé and souper, pié (which appears in Lamartine) for pied. CECIL WILLSON.

Weybridge.

'ANECDOTES OF BOOKS AND AUTHORS' (8th S. x. 336, 400).-My copy of Beloe's 'Sexagenarian' formerly belonged to John Nichols and his son, John Bowyer Nichols, who have enriched it with many

annotations and a fairly complete key. I cannot find that the name of the clergyman of whom the story is told at i. 148 is mentioned in any key which I have come across; but although the name of the printer as given by Beloe is certainly Bowyer, a pen has been drawn through it by Mr. John Nichols, and that of Strahan has been substituted. Considering the relations in which the Nichols family stood with Mr. Bowyer, and the friendship which existed between John Nichols and Strahan, the authority of the author of 'Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century' must be held to be conclusive.

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The 'Sexagenarian,' though somewhat out of date, is still a most amusing work, and it is not strange that its stores should have been rifled by the compilers of 'Percy Anecdotes,' 'Books and Authors,' and similar collections. Stories such as that of Mary Hayes, a young lady who was "a friend of the Wolstonecroft, a follower of Helvetius, résumé of the novel written by her are sufficient and a great admirer of Rousseau," and the short to prove that we are quite mistaken in thinking decade of the nineteenth century. The heroine of that the new woman " is a product of the last the novel in question-a" woman who did" with a vengeance-might have emerged from the portals lished in 'N. & Q.,' 2nd S. x. 300; xi. 33, 93; but of the Bodley Head. Keys to Beloe were pubelapsed, I should be glad, if the Editor could afford a period of five-and-thirty years has since the space, to print a fuller and more authoritative list than has hitherto appeared, after a careful in all the others to which I have access. collation of the names in Nichols's key with those

as

Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

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SIMON GRYNEUS (8th S. x. 495).—I have in my library a good biography of Simon Grynæus, from which I beg to send you the following extracts :—

with him a recommendatory letter from Erasmus to "In 1531 he took a journey into England, and carried William Mountjoy, dated Friburg, 18 March, 1531. After desiring Mountjoy to assist Grynæus as much as he could, in showing him libraries, and introducing him to learned men, Erasmus adds, Est homo Latine Græcequè ad unguem doctus, in philosophia et mathepudore pene immodico. Pertraxit hominem istuc Brimaticis, disciplinis diligenter versatus, nullo supercilio, tanniæ visendæ cupiditas, sed præcipue Bibliothecarum

vestrarum amor. Rediturus est ad nos,' &c......Erasmus recommended him also to Sir Thomas More, from whom he received the highest civilities......He returned to Basil in 1536......His edition of Plato was addressed to John More, the Chancellor's son, as a testimony of gratitude for favours received from his father; and as the following passage in the dedication shows Sir Thomas as well as Grynæus in a very amiable light, we think it not amiss to insert it here."

This dedication being rather long, I will only send you a few concluding lines, as they relate particularly to his Oxford visit :

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P.S.-I enclose for your acceptance a photograph of his portrait. Observe the MS. in his band, and the grasping spider in the corner. [Receipt of the portrait is acknowledged, with thanks.] Refer to the valuable but forgotten Chalmers for a mention of the supposed theft, which the editor refuses to believe in.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

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This ae nighte, this ae nighte,
Every nighte and alle,
Fire, and sleet, and candle-lighte,
And Christe receive thye saule.
Sir W. Scott supposed the word "sleet" to be
"corrupted from selt or salt," which was formerly
placed, in compliance with a popular superstition,
on the breast of a corpse; but there is an earlier
version of this remarkable poem, which was found
by Sir Henry Ellis among Aubrey's MSS., and
printed by him in his edition of Brand in 1813.
In this version, which was reprinted with greater
correctness in 1881 in the Folk-lore Society's
edition of Aubrey's 'Remaines of Gentilisme and
Judaisme,' p. 31, the first stanza is as follows:-

This ean night, this ean night,
Every night and awle :

Fire and Fleet and Candle-light,

And Christ recieve thy Sawle. Here the word "fleet" undoubtedly means water, and I agree with MR. TERRY in thinking that in the deed cited by MR. FERET the condition that the Widow Opwyk should have "feer and flet" in her dwelling-house merely means that she should have the right of fire and water therein. expression was probably a legal commonplace in early times.

Kingsland, Shrewsbury.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

The

Hastings. LAURENCE HYDE, EARL OF ROCHESTER (8th S. I. 496), was buried in Westminster Abbey, at the foot of the steps going up to King Henry VII.'s Chapel. He married Lady Henrietta Boyle, fifth daughter of Richard, first Earl of Burlington, one of the beauties of her time. There were five children of this marriage, viz., Henry, second Earl of Rochester and fourth Earl of Clarendon ; Anne, who became the Countess of Ossory; Henrietta, who married James, Earl of Dalkeith; SIR JOHN JERVIS, CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE Mary, who became the wife of Francis Seymour, COMMON PLEAS (7th S. ix. 48).-So far back as Lord Conway; and Catherine, who died unmarried the above reference information was sought conon 19 July, 1737. See Chester's Westminster cerning this judge, who died in 1856, but no Abbey Registers,' G. E. C.'s 'Complete Peerage,' answers seem to have been returned. In the and Barke's 'Extinct Peerage.' None of these course of my rather miscellaneous reading I find authorities makes any mention of a second mar- him alluded to in Gunning's 'Reminiscences of the ringe. G. F. R. B. University and Town of Cambridge' as having in early life a good deal of money at command to spend TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS FOR COUNTIES on elections at Chester, a city which he represented S.ix. 361, 497; x.32).-No list of topographical for many years in Parliament. In the 'Life and collections for counties can be complete without Letters of the Rev. Fred. W. Robertson,' by the the Rev. Canon Mayo's excellent Bibliotheca Rev. Stopford A. Brooke, Mr. Robertson mentions Dorsetiensis.' I can only imagine that its absence in a "Letter" (cxxxviii., vol. ii. p. 133) his having from the list given by G. W. M. arises from the filled the office of High Sheriff's chaplain at Lewes, hat of its having been printed privately by sub-in Sussex, in 1852, when Sir John Jervis presided ription. Apparently a publisher's name is neces- in the Crown Court at the assizes, and of him Mr. ary to render a work famous. J. S. UDAL. f

The very valuable index issued by the Historical SS. Commission, to which I could not preily give the reference, is No. 31 of Accounts ni Papers, 1890-1. It was issued 8 Dec., 1890. Q V.

Robertson observes :

"His charges to the jury surpassed in brilliance, clearness, interest, and conciseness, anything I ever could have conceived. The dullest cases became interesting directly he began to speak-the most intricate

and bewildered clear. I do not think above one verdict was questionable in the whole thirty-six cases which he tried.'

case.

"the real child of the French king," for the man
whom she claimed as her father was the Duke of
Orleans, "Égalité," who was never king, and
could never have foreseen that his son would
ascend the throne. Louis Philippe had his faults,
public and private, but to call him "ignoble" is
monstrous, while to ascribe his ignobility, if I may
use the word, to his being the son of Ciappini,
and yet to confide in Ciappini's veracity, is
illogical.
J. G. ALGER.

As a special instance of his cleverness and sagacity, the story is narrated of the card-sharping The counsel had affirmed that a perfectly fair pack of cards had been used; but when they were handed up to him Sir John told, without looking at their faces, the names of the cards. He then pointed out that on the backs there was a small dotted flower indicating the court cards. This story has frequently been told. But laudari a laudato viro is a feather even in the cap of a Chief Justice. Mr. Robertson died in 1853 (only a year afterwards), Sir John Jervis in 1856, and the decease of the latter is thus alluded to in the Prologue to the Westminster Play of that year-Anne of Denmark, afterward Queen of England. the Andria':

Verum et ipsa victimas Pax habet, et nostris haud alienos sedibus Sunt quos lugemus-Illum, qui summus modò Judex vicino præsidebat in foro.

'Lusus Alteri Westmonasterienses,' vol. ii. p. 141. I have not been able to discover the place of his burial, but it easily could be found. His age was only fifty-four. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

LOUIS PHILIPPE (8th S. x. 495, 524).-MR. PEET does not save Dr. Hugh Macmillan, whose words as quoted imply that Louis Philippe was successor by inheritance to a king. But there is no foundation for MR. PEET's suggestion either. Louis Philippe as a young man was singularly like his father, as the famous picture at Chantilly of the hunt before the Revolution, with the Duc d'Orléans and the Duc de Chartres (Louis Philippe) in "pink," well shows. Moreover Égalité's wife was a lady of far too high character to lend herself to a "warming-pan plot," which would have had, in this instance no object.

D.

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The revival, even in a sermon for children, of the fable of Louis Philippe being a changeling is really amazing. No doubt Maria Stella Petronilla, married first to the Earl of Newborough and secondly to Baron Sternberg, believed the story of her putative father, Ciappini, that he received her | in exchange for his son from the Duke of Orleans, travelling in Italy under the name of Comte de Joinville. It is also true that she obtained a recognition of her claims from the tribunal of Faenza. But neither the French tribunals nor the public credited so improbable and purposeless an exchange. Dr. Macmillan, moreover, shows singular ignorance of French history in styling her

Paris.

William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, was son of
DUKE OF GLOUCESTER (8th S. x. 515).-Prince

He was born 24 July, 1689, and died 29 July,
1700. Purcell composed a birthday cantata or
ode for the duke's birthday festival in 1695.
There is a portrait of the child prince and his
mother, by Michael Dahl, in the National Portrait
Gallery.
W. H. CUMMINGS.

THE MAN OF GHENT (8th S. x. 415, 499).— Surely Guizot! I wonder that no one has remembered this; but such things are soon forgotten. I quite well recall this title of him, commonly quoted by English newspapers from French during the later years of his ministry, and I carried a vague impression that it had reference to some commercial treaty between France and Belgium, executed by him, or under his auspices, at Ghent. On looking into his 'Memoirs,' I find that during the three or four years from 1841 the question of a customsunion between the two countries was much discussed: opposed by England and other powers, as tending to the absorption of Belgium into France. In the year 1845 a milder form of commercial treaty was ratified, probably displeasing to a great number of Frenchmen, as a concession to foreign jealousy; but I cannot find any mention of Ghent in connexion herewith. Such works of Guizot's as I have consulted, both in the original and in translation, are indictable under Lord Campbell's Act as criminally destitute of index.

C. B. MOUNT.

EARLY NEWSPAPERS (8th S. x. 256). — The Mercurius Theologicus, 1700, contains catalogues of books "printed for, and sold by, John Taylor, at the Ship in St. Paul's Churchyard." There are advertisements of books in the Mercurius Reformatus, 1689. Both periodicals Museum, as well ав the English Intelligencer, 1679, Mercurius Britannicus, Mercurius Domesticus, Mercurius Politicus, Mercurius Veridicus, Mercurius Infernus, and many other publications (political tracts, pamphlets, newspapers, and almanacs), with similar titles and of about the period indicated by B. P. S., catalogued in the Burney Collection and elsewhere; but I cannot find an Index Intelligencer nor a

are to be seen at the British

Mercurius Clericus in any of the lists. The sets
mentioned above are, for the most part, far from
complete.
E. G. CLAYTON.
Richmond.

In the Strand Magazine for September, 1896,
there is a paper by F. G. Kitton, entitled "Some
Old Newspapers. From Charles I. to Queen
Victoria. Illustrations from Old Prints, Paintings,
and Facsimiles."
CELER ET Audax.

By Timperley's 'Dictionary of Printers and Printing,' No. 1 of the Mercurius Clericus; or, News from Syra, for September 17 to 24, was issued in 1647, but when it ceased to be published is not noted.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8th S. ix. 49).

Non annorum canities est laudanda, sed morum. This quotation is given in the foot-note to the following line in the Delphin edition of Plautus :

Non ætate, verum ingenio adipiscitur sapientia. Trinummi,' ii. 2, 88. "Non annorum," &c., is there attributed to Ambrosius; but it is not stated where in his works it occurs. Compare "Nihil turpius est, quam grandis natu senex, qui nullum aliud habet argumentum, quo se probet diu vixisse, præter ætatem (Seneca, De Tranquillitate Animi, iii. sec. 7). Compare also Proverbs xvi. 31; also Cicero, De Senectute,' xviii. sec. 62, "Non cani, non rugæ," &c.

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ROBERT PIERPOINT.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

A Scots Mediaval Architect. By P. Macgregor Chalmers. (Glasgow, Hodge & Co.)

WE welcome this work gladly. With the exception of the preface, which, like those to some of Scott's novels, is a "wee bit ower modest," we cannot find anything whatsoever with which to find fault. We well remember the substance of its pages appearing in Scots Lore, a periodical which, we are sorry to say, has ceased to appear. So far as our memory serves us, we have somewhat more in the present issue than in its predecessor.

It used to be said that, while the names of all the important Renaissance architects had been preserved for the admiration of posterity, nearly all those of the earlier times had been forgotten. In those days monastic chronicles and fabric rolls were but scantily used, and the great treasure which we have of national records was, we may say, almost without exaggeration, unknown to any one, save the keepers of the various repositories where they slumbered. Things have changed now, for though very much still remains to be done, arrangement and the work of the cataloguer have made so much progress that, if sufficient industry be used, much new knowledge will be produced relating to the history of not a few of our nobler ecclesiastical buildings. So far as research has at present gone, it still remains true that the architects to whom we owe so much are nearly all forgotten, or, if their names have been come upon, they stand alone, like the list of jurors at the top of an old manor court roll, without personal details, so that we may think of them as men who once lived and suffered. This seems the more singular when we call to mind that our Saxon and early Norman coins almost always bore upon

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Whether this almost universal suppression of the names of architects arose from religious feeling or from mere modesty, we are not in a position to decide; it is, however, a noteworthy fact which should not be forgotten by students of mediæval life. If we understand Mr. Chalmers aright, there are but two examples of architects commemorating themselves in all Scot. land. One of these is John Morow, whose name is found on a panel let into the wall at Melrose. There is another inscription over a doorway which has been read in various ways. Mr. Chalmers thinks, and we believe rightly, that the name is Johne Morvo, and that the two spellings indicate the same person, and that the true name in modern spelling is Murray. This John Morowfor so he frequently spelt his name, however he may have pronounced it-flourished in the middle of the fifteenth century. He is to be found at Melrose and Paisley, and Mr. Chalmers has traced his handiwork in the Cathedral of Glasgow "in the beautiful Rood Screen, in the vaulting of the Aisle of Car Fergus, and in the vaulting of the aisles of choir and nave.' He turns up, too, in Nithsdale, Galloway, and St. Andrews. We have evidently before us, even if Mr. Chalmers should sometimes be in error in his identifications-and we have no reason for thinking he is-an active, ardent, serviceable man, with a deep sense for beauty of form and great constructive ability. Of such a man it is desirable to know far more than we do at present. He seems to have been one of those active and intelligent Scots who in recent days have done so much for their own country. The author believes that the John Morow whose inscriptions yet remain can be identified with the John Murray who in 1479, in company with others, took a lease of lands in Ettrick. He was evidently a favourite at Court, for on one occasion James IV. gave him twenty angels to buy a horse. The records show many dealings of John Murray with the Crown; but the friendship shown to him by the sovereign raised up powerful enemies. In 1510, while on his way to the Sheriff Court at Selkirk, he was assaulted by an armed band of Kerrs and Scotts and assassinated. All of us who love Scottish ballad poetry know 'The Outlaw Murray.' Mr. Chalmers has no doubt that it relates in some way to the great architect and feudal proprietor. He even suggests that Murray himself may have been the author of the ballad, but for this he produces no evidence.

Calendar of the State Papers relating to Ireland of the Reign of Elizabeth. Edited by Ernest George Atkinson. (Stationery Office.)

THE history of Ireland has always been known to be distressing to every humane man. There is probably no fifteen months during the whole long agony more terrible than those included in the present volume. Of the medieval time we know comparatively little; but of that little the national historians have seldom made good use. Now that the State Papers are being made accessible we find that seas of bloodshed and nameless horrors have been passed over in a few pages, sometimes even in a line or two. The few months which went before and followed after the great battle of Armagh abound with incidents so shocking that we shrink from dwelling on them.

The partial subjection of Ireland to England had been a long-standing grievance, which caused much suffering; but it was not until the latter years of the sixteenth century that the cup of national agony was filled to the brim. England had become powerful enough to determine on the subjection of the whole island. The long

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