war with France and the Wars of the Roses had come to an end in what seemed a remote past. They only lingered in the minds of the people as a vague tradition. England had, with some relapses, been increasing in wealth, and her people in military ardour. During the Middle Ages there had been race hatred and land hunger; but it was not until the reign of Henry VIII. that a third force-perhaps the most potent of the three -was added. The Protestant rulers of England determined to compel the Irish to discard their old ways of thinking on religious subjects, and to accept a Church modelled on that of England. It is, perhaps, unreasonable for us, who live in times when the doctrine of universal toleration is received in civilized lands as one of the first principles of government, to blame our forefathers of three centuries ago for not being able to understand what we see so clearly now. Elizabeth was no worse than other potentates. All of them, when they had the power, tried to enforce uniformity of faith by civil penalties; but we do not remember any other case in Christian Europe where the results have been attended by so long a train of misfortunes. When the battle of Tyrone was fought, by which an old Welsh prophecy, "that the Earl of Tyrone should prevail against the English nation," seemed to have been fulfilled, nothing remained to be done but, at whatever expenditure of cost, to conquer the Irish nation; but, as the editor states, "Vacillation, corruption, and division marked the course of the State." How far this was the fault of the queen herself, or how far it rested on her advisers, we are not in a position to state. She was a fearless woman, who, as it seems to us, would have done her best; but the tide of corruption was too strong for her. More than two centuries had to pass by ere common honesty could be made to prevail. That there were many honest men among her servants in Ireland we do not question; but it is evident that a preponder. ance of men who went over did so merely to advance their fortunes. The great Irish victory of Armagh may be regarded as the centre of the lurid picture which these papers give us. In one instance we hear of Lady Moore being made prisoner, stripped of her clothing, and left to die of cold in a bog. In other instances we hear of the brains of little infants being dashed out, of hearts being torn from living bodies, and many other horrors we do not care to speak of. These things were done by what used to be called the "mere Irish." Can we feel certain-nay, can we hope-that acts equally detestable were not performed by the English soldiery. The editing of the volume is all that we could wish, and we are glad to find at the end of the preface a list of proverbs and out-of-the-way words, which will be of much use to students of the speech of former days. Colonial Days in Old New York. By Alice Morse To most English students of folk-lore this volume, describing life in what was once known as the New Netherlands, opens out a new field. It supplies a picture of Dutch habits, manners, rhymes, modes of thought. To the present day, says Miss Earle, Dutch influence and Dutch traits, as well as Dutch names, are ever present and are a force in New York life. Wholly unlike anything to be seen in England, or in many parts of America, is the life depicted, and the volume may be studied with interest and advantage as well as with amusement. Whitaker's Almanack for 1897. By Joseph Whitaker, AMONG the new features of this most indispensable of former issues, 1869-96, an alphabetical arrangement of Government offices, the addition of new orders to the Orders of Knighthood, and an enlarged list of fares. A special article is added on the longest reign. A perpetual calendar, for finding the day of the week at any time from the creation, also appears. Of this, in another shape, we have made frequent use. The Almanack will be warmly welcomed. THE fourth part of Naval and Military Trophies (Nimmo) gives, in Mr. Gibbs's admirably artistic coloured designs, a tiger's head from the throne of Tippoo Sultan, from the royal collection, Windsor Castle; the creese of the Rajah of Assam, and a splendid powder-horn, and the Duke of Marlborough's sword, all from the same collection; and the Duke of Wellington's telescope and the sword and hat worn by him at Waterloo, now in the possession of the present Duke. Full descriptions of these splendid trophies are once more supplied by Mr. Richard R. Holmes, F.S.A., the Queen's librarian. The tiger's head of the great Tippoo is a superb piece of work. All the objects are of high interest, and the work, half of which is now almost finished, constitutes itself a trophy, and will, when completed, rank as one of the most exemplary books of the season. WE have received the eleventh edition of The Lincoln Stamp Album, for home and foreign postage stamps, published by W. S. Lincoln. Into this many improvements are introduced, and the volume, the utility of which is known to collectors, will now hold over 6,500 stamps. Further pages can be had by those requiring them. Reproductions of various scarce stamps are given on separate pages. An atlas and a catalogue of stamps add to the attractions and utility. BISHOP PEARSON during the later years of his life compiled a common-place book of remarkable passages and striking thoughts which he met with in the course of reading. His widow has placed these in the hands of Mr. Elliot Stock, who will publish them very shortly in a volume, with a preface by the Bishop of Manchester. Notices to Correspondents, We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith, WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested Duplicate." to head the second communication " WM. MORTON ("London, Liverpool, Hull ").-All are ports, and the last two are described as seaports, though both are practically on rivers. All may, indeed, be considered as seaports. BLUE UPRIGHT.-Please send full address. We have a letter for you. NOTICE. 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With an Introduction and Descriptions by W. Y. FLETCHER, F.S.A., late Assistant Keeper, Department of Printed Books, British Museum. The Plates printed in facsimile by W. Griggs, Chromolithographer to Her Majesty the Queen. Folio, limited to 500 Copies, 31. 3s. net. UNIFORM WITH THE ABOVE. ENGLISH BOOKBINDINGS in the BRITISH MUSEUM. Illustrations of more than Sixty Examples, selected on account of their beauty or historical interest. With an Introduction and Descriptions by W. Y. FLETCHER, F.S.A., late Assistant Keeper, Department of Printed Books, British Museum. The Plates printed in facsimile by W. Griggs, Chromo-lithographer to Her Majesty the Queen. Folio, limited to 500 Copies, 37. 38. net. [Only a few copies now remain. "The want of an adequate work on English bookbinding has long been felt, and has at last been splendidly supplied by Mr. Fletcher......Mr. Fletcher is very much to be congratulated on the wonderful series of bindings which his intimate knowledge of the resources of the British Museum has enabled him to bring together for reproduction, as well as on the marvellous way in which Mr. Griggs has carried out the work."—Athenæum, Ñovember 28, 1896. The FLORENTINE ILLUS- BOOK PLATES. By W. J. TRATED BOOKS of the XVTH and XVITH CENTURIES and their WOODCUTS. By Dr. PAUL KRISTELLER, of Berlin, whose services the Italian Government has now secured for the Galleria Nazionale at Rome. Printed at the Chiswick Press. The Edition limited to not more than 350 copies. [Shortly. "A VERY EXCELLENT BIOGRAPHY." HARDY, F.S.A. Post 8vo. [Shortly. Mr. Hardy's work on Book Plates was the first of the Book Plates being now such a popular pursuit this one "Books about Books" to go out of print. The collection of volume of the series will be reissued, with the illustrations printed with the text, at a cheap price. For this popular edition Mr. Hardy has carefully revised the whole book and made some important additions. NEW VOLUMES OF LETTERS. LIFE of LIEUT.-ADMIRAL MOLTKE'S LETTERS to his DE RUYTER. By GEORGE GRINNELL- "Mr. Grinnell-Milne's accuracy and research make his work a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the history of the seventeenth century."-Pall Mall Gazette. THE LATE LORD LEIGHTON. ADDRESSES to the the late LORD LEIGHTON. With Portrait, "They certainly deserve to be given to the world in a permanent form, for, whether as the personal expression of the late President's theoretic views on art, or as a result of his very serious studies in art history, they are of real interest."-Times. "These lectures will be highly valued, not only by reason of the penetration and research that they display, but also on account of the polished language in which they are conveyed and the illustation they afford of the late President's own attitude towards artistic progress."-Morning Post. WIFE. With an Introduction by SIDNEY WHITMAN. With Portraits of Moltke and his Wife, and a Genealogical Tree in Facsimile of the Field-Marshal's handwriting. 2 vols. demy 8vo. 17. 108. "In England the book will be chiefly valued on account of the insight it affords into the real disposition of Moltke...... This book will probably create among English readers a revulsion of feeling in his favour, and his letters have done good service in showing the human side of a great warrior." Athenæum. The CRIMEAN DIARY of the late GENERAL SIR CHARLES A. WINDHAM, ** A LIST of NEW and FORTHCOMING WORKS on BIBLIOGRAPHY and BOOKS about BOOKS has just been issued, and may be had post free on application. Messrs. 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