Although in the "British army," it would be unfair to call him British, because that word, as we have seen from all the authorities, and also as we know from our constitution, does not include the Irish, nor any others (if there are any) who contribute to keep up the empire. Why should his nationality be sunk? He served the empire with great bravery, frequently distinguishing himself during his twenty-one years. Now if there is a word that includes British and Irish, it appears to me that Sergeant Leahy is entitled to be called by it. Has not a mistake been made by the Scotch in insisting that the word "British" be used instead of "English"? England is the larger country, and the lesser should have merged in the greater. RALPH THOMAS. (To be continued.) by Hatzfeld, the only recorded guess about the etymology of F. galoper is the old one which connects the syllable lop with the Gothic hlaupan, to run; but it is now said to be very doubtful. I cannot understand why this suggestion has not long since been abandoned as impossible. I have pointed out, in my 'Dictionary,' that the M.E. form also appears as walopen as well as galopen. Bradley's Stratmann gives three references for walopen in Middle-English. I also point out that the etymology of this form is from an O.F. *waloper, not recorded, but an older form of galoper; and further, that this is derived from a Flemish form walopen, for which I give a quotation. This O.F. *waloper is nowhere recorded; but there are traces of it, which Godefroy's 'Old French Dictionary' entirely ignores. The first is, that Roquefort, s.v. "Galopin," cites the forms wailopin and walopin, which he presumably saw somewhere. It is usual to derive the sb. galopin from the verb galoper; but it is as well to note that Ducange connects it with Low Lat. galuppus. Cambridge. WALTER W. SKEAT. A SKITTISH WIFE IRON-SHOD BY HER HUSBAND. -A horrible story to this effect is quoted by the Lootch (Sunbeam) of 20 Nov. (2 Dec.) from the Vostotchnoe Obozrenie (Eastern Review), and Birjeviya Vedomosti (Bourse Intelligencer). A village But I now wish to state more particularly that blacksmith, Nicolas Temliakoff by name, feeling there is one trace of the initial win Old French jealous of his spouse, made her a pair of well-which cannot be doubted. In 'Le Jeu de Robin,' fitting iron horseshoes, which in regular style he by Adam de la Halle, printed by Bartsch and proceeded to nail to her feet, heedless of her fearful Horning in their book of selections from Old screams and prayers for mercy. The madman's French, we find (col. 544, 1. 26) the line, "Il vient idea may have been that, if fond of running to chi les grans walos," here he comes at full gallop. assignations, she should not wear out shoe-leather Here walos is the plural of walop, just as galos is at his expense. When the unhappy woman the plural of galop; the phrase recurs with the swooned under the extreme torture, he cheerfully spelling "les grans galos" at col. 288, 1. 13 of the revived her by pricking her neck and shoulders same work. If we want to find the etymology of with a sharp knife. This is alleged to have occurred galoper we must start from the form wál-op-er. at Bolshe-Kosulski, in the Mariensky Circuit, near Tomsk, but one suspects mystification or great exaggeration, as the account concludes with the statement that, after being locked up for a couple of days by his fellow-villagers, this farrier of human beings was set at liberty. I only quote under reserve. The savage tale recalls Lustucru, in the old French print, hammering obstinate wives' heads on an anvil: "Je te rendrai bonne" (see Champfleury, 'Livres Populaires). Perhaps the whole report may have originated in some coarse practical joke. Does any folk-lore exist to illustrate shoeing a faithless wife? Wright, in his 'History of Caricature,' has an engraving, from an old carving, of a farrier shoeing a goose, which, if not merely a quaint conceit, may be in allusion to the old saw about the pity of seeing a goose go barefoot? But this is foreign to our present subject. H. E. M. St. Petersburg. THE ETYMOLOGY OF "GALLOP."-I find that, in the newest French etymological dictionary, ming galas are now headed "Costume entertainment. Ladies specially invited." "DEAR KNOWS."-In vols. iv. and v. the origin of "Dear me was discussed. Among the descend. ants of Scotch-Irish families settled in the United States one hears occasionally such an expression as, "I wouldn't do it, dear knows." This is obperhaps lingers yet in Ulster, possibly even in the viously equivalent to "Scit Deus." The phrase lowlands of Scotland. Portland, Oregon. RICHARD H. THORNTON. OLNEY.-I was amused over an account told by a newspaper friend living in an interior town in New York State, occupying there an editorial chair, of his efforts to straighten out genealogical information touching this surname. A pale-faced New England spinster of uncertain age, one of the town's teachers, bearing the name, implored my the antecedents of the distinguished French noblefriend to insert a paragraph asking data regarding man of her patronymic who first brought the surname to the shores of America several hundreds of years ago. This was duly inserted. Weeks went by, WALTER W. SKEAT. MRS. SOPHIA BADDELEY (1745-1786), ACTRESS AND VOCALIST.-An entry in the London Chronicle, 29 Dec., 1770 to 1 Jan., 1771, p. 2, thus briefly records the death of her father: "A few days ago died at Windsor, Valentine Snow, Esq.; Serjeant Trumpeter to his Majesty, and father to Mrs. Baddeley, of Drury Lane Theatre." DANIEL HIPWELL. "GERT "GREAT.-This adjective is common in the neighbourhood of Wakefield, as, "Go on, thah gert soft thing!" Halliwell gives this form of the word as occurring in Devonshire. In Derbyshire S. O. ADDY. one usually hears gret. but no answer came to the query. At last a burly tionary') is wrong, and indeed impossible. It is, young farmer, in husky but mysterious tones, begged however, Scandinavian, from the Icel. jaga; cf. an audience of the editor. Thinking the individual E. awe, from Icel. agi. The Dan. jage, Swed. jaga, had called to square his year's subscription with G. and Du. jagen, all mean "to hunt"; but the several barrels of apples in lieu of the better-liked Icel. verb has the peculiar sense of to move to and authorized paper currency printed at the expense of fro, to be unsteady, to yaw. the people of the United States through the authorities at Washington, and being short of that kind of fruit at home, our editor unlatched his door and received the visitor with a broad, bland smile, denoting much hearty welcome. To his disappointment, no apples were offered, but he was requested to indite a reply to the "fullish" query, and state that the spinster was a dom fool," that the signer was a Englishman, that his name was Olney, that the Olneys were as thick as blueberries in the English county where he came from, that he had no French blood in his veins; moreover, he pronounced his name Owney, dropping the l as quite unnecessary. Looking into the annals of the name on this continent, I find it peculiar only to the little State of Rhode Island, where it is common indeed, their records claiming descent from four persons who arrived in Boston Harbour in 1635, viz., Thomas Olney, shoemaker, aged thirty-five; Marion Olney, aged thirty; Thomas Olney, aged three; and Epenetus Olney, aged one. Local history records this shoemaker to have had a gift for talking Anabaptist theories, to the disgust of the austere Puritans of the period, then seriously contemplating the hanging of certain troublesome Anabaptists and Quakers-nine meeting that fate on the green grounds of the Boston Common; and to save his neck he moved into the wilderness in company with the far-famed Rev. Roger Williams, also a great talker, and with him laid the foundation of the city of Providence, now the capital of Rhode Island. It is curious to note that the common accentuation of the name throughout that State is Owney. As there are several places in England called Olney, it would be interesting to know which one of them is locally pronounced Owney. MANHATTAN. "SCROGMOGGLING."-This word seems worthy of preservation in 'N. & Q.' According to the Standard and Diggers' News, "the lady bicyclists at Johannesburg were to have taken But what does "scrogmoggling" mean? THE ETYMOLOGY OF "YAW."-The etymology of the verb to yaw, occurring in 'Hamlet,' V. ii. 120, has never yet been correctly given. That in my Dictionary' (copied into the Century Dic esting to find similarities of expression in poetry, BUTLER AND TENNYSON.-It is always interand to compare them, without for a moment assuming that one poet has borrowed from another. Butler, in Hudibras,' pt. ii. canto i. ll. 571–2, has: has: Where'er you tread, your foot shall set F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. Here entred we, and, yeding forth, anone An horrible lothly lake we might discerne, As blacke as pitche, that cleped is Auerne. 'Induction' (1563), st. 30. much like wasing for "being.' Yeding would have seemed, in distant ages, F. H. Marlesford, SHAKSPEARE AND " THE BOOK OF WISDOM. The following is a verbal coincidence, not noticed by Bishop Wordsworth in 'Shakespeare and the Bible.' "Were partly vexed with monstrous apparitions" (Wisdom, xvii. 15, an allusion to the Egyptians in darkness) :— I think it is the weakness of mine eyes That shapes this monstrous apparition. 'Julius Cæsar,' IV. iii, R. M. MARSHALL. 21, Magdalen Terrace, St. Leonards-on-Sea Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. PENSIONER WILLIAM HISELAND.-There is a tombstone in the cemetery of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, to William Hiseland, pensioner, who lived to the age of one hundred and twelve years, "having served upwards of the days of man," and died in 1732. Faulkner, in his "History of Chelsea,' edition of 1829, vol. ii. p. 265, gives a full account of him, stating that he had signalized himself at the battle of Edgehill, was in the wars of Ireland under King William, served in Flanders under the Duke of Marlborough, and was allowed a pension by the Duke of Richmond and Sir Robert Walpole. He also mentions that (in 1829) Mr. Thomas Pallisher, of the "Cross Keys Inn," Gracechurch Street, had in his possession a halflength portrait of Hiseland, with the following writing in one corner of it :-" William Hiseland, the Pention of Chelsea College, did sit, 1st August, 1730, for this picture, who was then 110, and in perfect health.-George Alsop, pinx." I endeavoured to ascertain what had become of this picture, and after some time was informed by Messrs. Christie that it had been sold by them in 1888 as part of the collection of W. R. Winch, deceased, late of North Mymms Park, Hatfield. The entry in their books is, "G. Alsop, 1730, William Hiseland, Chelsea Pensioner, aged 110, sold to Mr. Charles Davis, 147, New Bond Street." I then went to Mr. Davis, but could obtain no further information as to the picture. As it has a special interest for the veteran pensioners of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, I should feel indebted to any of your readers who can give me a clue to the present possessor of it. C. W. ROBINSON, Major-General. Royal Hospital, Chelsea. EVERLE: GYSBURNE.-Can any reader tell me where Everle or Gysburne is? The manor of Everle is mentioned in an agreement dated 1260, in connexion with William de Brinistun, Robert de Spaunton, and John de Geddinges. Hanley, Staffordshire. A. T. SPANTON. WATERBURY FAMILY.-Will you kindly inform me whether there are now in England any of the name of Waterbury; and if anything is known of the history of the family? John Waterbury, the pioneer of the family in America, came out previously to 1646. He was a landholder in Stamford, Connecticut, at that date, but had before that resided in other parts of America. Settling in Stamford, he became one of the prominent and wealthy men of the country, was one of the senators and representatives, and a man of some St. John, N.B., Canada, THOMAS PROCLUS TAYLOR.-Thomas Proclus Taylor, dramatic author, appears to have been the son of Thomas Taylor, the Platonist. I should be J. M. RIGG. glad to hear more of him. 9, New Square, Lincoln's Inn. EDWARD II.-I shall be much obliged if any of your readers will inform me in what book I can find an account of the march of Edward II. from Cirencester to Worcester, and the demolition of Brimsfield Castle, and also of the battle of BoroughH. GAY. bridge, about the same date. PETWORTH GAOL: PARISH REGISTERS.-Wanted information about one William Phillips, Governor of Petworth Gaol in 1794, or at the time of John Howard's visit about that period. Have the Petworth parish registers been published? F.S.A. COL. HENRY SLaughter, or Slater, Governor oF NEW YORK.-I should be very pleased to ascertain whether Henry Slaughter, or Slater, who was appointed by the Earl of Shrewsbury to the Governorship of New York towards the end of the seventeenth century, was the son of Henry Slaughter, or Slater, who was Master Gunner of England about the middle of the same century. The Herefordshire Slaters were related to the Earl of Shrewsbury; so I incline to the view that the Governor was a member of that family. The Slaters, too, were related to the Cornwalls of Herefordshire, and one of the officers in Col. Cornwall's Regiment, now the 9th Regiment, was a certain Solomon Slater, who was afterwards Muster-Master General to King James's forces in Ireland about 1689. I should much like to know how the Governor was related to the Muster-Master General. JOHN J. GREGSON SLATER. 1031, Chester Road, Stretford. STAINED GLASS: RENÉ, DUC DE BAR.-About the year 1802, an Englishman bought, at Dijon, a stained-glass window of the fifteenth century, which formerly belonged to the chapel of the Ducs de Bourgogne of that town; it represented René, Duc de Bar, kneeling, in a fur robe, among several saints. Beneath the chief figure were wafers (oublies) in allusion to the neglect (l'oubli) of his subjects, who allowed him to remain in captivity at Dijon from 1431. The arms of the duke were also displayed upon the glass: Azure, semy of crosses crosslets fitchy, two barbels addorsed or. Duc René is supposed to have designed this glass himself. Can any readers of 'N. & Q.' say in The what public or private collection this glass is at present? LEO CULLETON. FLIXTON. Can any of your readers give the correct derivation of the word Flixton? There are four Flixtons-one in Lancashire, one in Yorkshire, and two in Suffolk-and I believe each, like the Lancashire one, has a place adjoining called Urmston. One of the two in Suffolk is said to be called from one Felix-Felixton, the town of Felix. Then there is Flet, which signifies flat, and the Lancashire one is flat enough for anything. Then Flitte has the same meaning as Flet. There is also Flit, Saxon for battle-strife, and Fleot, the tide-Fleotston, the town up to which the tide comes. Again, there is Flux, a flowing-Fluxton; and also Fleax or Flex, meaning flax-Flaxton. D. H. L. Flixton, Lancashire. BURIAL-PLACE OF CAPEL LOFFT. In the burial-ground of the Mill Quarter Plantation, Amelia County, Virginia, is a white marble recumbent cross, to the " memory of Capel Lofft, son of Capel Lofft, of Troton Hall, Suffolk, who died 1869." Could this be the Capel Lofft alluded to by Byron in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers' as The Mecenas of shoemakers and preface writer general to distressed versemen," &c., and whom Dr. Raven mentions, in his History of Suffolk,' amongst celebrated men of that county? FREDERICK T. HIBGAME. 43, Southampton Row, W.C. [Capel Lofft the younger, fourth son of Capel Lofft, of Traston (not Troton) Hall, died at Millmead, Virginia, U.S., 1 Oct., 1873, as is believed. See Dict. Nat. Biog.'] NELSON RELIO.-Upon the back of a small portait of Lord Nelson in my possession the fol lowing inscription appears in the handwriting of Lady Hamilton : "This portrait of the great good and brave Nelson Lady Hamilton gives to Mr. Ivey at Batersea [sic] Bridge, as Lord Nelson often used to speak to him coming from Merton to town and Lady Hamilton knows he was a favourite of Lord Nelson." Who was Mr. Ivey? H. D. E. MANGLES FAMILY.-Can some reader of 'N. &Q.' give me any information as to the early history of this family? John Mangles, of Hurley, in Berkshire, was a large ship-owner, whose ships sailed between India and this country. He made a large fortune during the Peninsular War; his mother was named Pilgrim, and he possessed a portrait of "an ancestor, Capt. Pilgrim, whose commission was in the handwriting of Oliver Cromwell." He had ancestors named Darsey, Dartsey, or Dargey, of Darsey Park. He was "first cousin of Sir Albert Pell, and had cousins named Mainwaring.' He married Harriet Camden, a descendant of the famous William Camden, Who was his father? " I wish for information also about his wife's family; also the parentage of Nathaniel Mangles, of the Trinity House, dates of birth, death, and marriage. I think a sister of John Mangles married Capt. Henry Cubitt, son of George, of Catfield Hall, Norfolk. I am endeavouring to form a pedigree of the above family, and am unable to proceed, owing to want of knowledge of the earlier members. F. P. YARKer. 3, Addenbrooke Place, Cambridge. GEORGE MORLAND, SENIOR.-Did he paint more than one portrait of Miss Gunning "washing lace in a basin"? I have lately seen this oil painting and the print of the same in private hands. A. C. H. JOHN ANDRÉ. Is there any question as to John Andre's original surname ? Was his father, who was a merchant in London, known as André ? Was John André born in 1750 or in 1751 (a point and can the year be fixed in which he went to on which biographical dictionaries are at variance); Switzerland? R. J. WALKer. [The 'Dict. Nat. Biog.' gives the date of birth as 1751.1 COLBY FONT.-The ancient font in the parish church of St. Giles, Colby, Norfolk, is octagon, with the centre panel representing the Virgin and Child, that on the left two walking figures, and those on the right a woodman with axe on his shoulder and dog at his feet. Four other panels bear the signs of the Evangelists, and the eighth is plain. I am anxious to learn if the representation of the woodman can be intended for St. Giles, as patron of woods. I am aware his usual symbol is a wounded hart. Northrepps, Norwich, RICHARD GURNEY. [Three Scottish artists of the name of Hill are men tioned by Graves. The only portrait painter is Mrs. A. R. Hill.] SIR KENELM DIGBY.-Sir Kenelm Digby is stated to have inherited the property of his father, notwithstanding the attainder of the latter. Of course we conclude that Sir Everard Digby, prior to committing himself, conveyed his property to trustees to the use of his son Kenelm, according to the practice of those times. Is it known who those trustees were ? Some old MS. might show; it would scarcely be found in print. It would be interesting to ascertain, if that can possibly be done at this distance of time. Clearly the trustees (or trustee) rendered an essential service to Sir Kenelm, which he probably requited. ERGATES. LONDON DIRECTORIES.-Will you please state in N. & Q.' when the first directory of the City of London was published; if directories have been issued annually since the first publication; and if a complete set is in any of the public libraries in London ? F. O. H. "SONES CARNALL" IN 1494.- What is the exact meaning of these words in a Scottish deed of the above date? The Rev. Mr. McGregor Stirling, minister of Port of Monteith, in his book upon the district, gives the following, p. 71, as a note among the Gartmore papers : *The 25 Feb'ry on thousand four hundreth and nyntie-four year, is a renunsatione granted be John the Gram and Walter the Gram sones carnall to umquill Maliso Earle of Monteath, with consent of John Lord Drummond and Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy their tutors, in favours of Alexander Earle of Monteath their principal Lord and chiefe of the lands of Ellantallo, the Port, Monbraich, the Miltoun of Gartmullie, Cambusmore and Cambusbeg and many other lands therein contained, pertaining to them by donatione of umquill Malise Earle of Monteath there father.' Below this passage is written Dougalstonnes note taken up when he went throw the charter-chist of Monteith." It is titled on the back, Dougalstonne's note written to Mango Buchanan,' There is also a note of this renunciation in the Crawford MSS. in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, describing the grantors as "John Graham and Walter Graham, sons carnal to umquhill Malise," &c. R. BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. Lostwithiel, Cornwall. VERGILIUS.—In the Encyclopædia Britannica,' eighth edition, vol. xii. p. 466, word "Ireland," appears: "In the eighth century lived Vergilius, a philosopher as well as a divine, as appears by a treatise of his on the Antipodes written against the then received opinion of the shape of the earth, which he proved to be a globe and not a plain surrounded by the heavens at its verge. He spent some time in France, at the Court of King Pepin, by whom he was highly esteemed." Beylies. GALLERIES IN CHURCH PORCHES. There are the remains of a similar gallery in Bildeston Church, Suffolk; the staircase is oak and runs up the west wall turning to the south wall and so to the gallery over the south porch entrance. It would appear that these galleries are rare, and little attention has been paid to their probable use. It would seem that they were erected for the singing on Palm Sunday, the staircase being likewise used as the way up to the room over the south porch. This would be the case in Bildeston Church. The Sarum Processional says, speaking of the procession on Palm Sunday : "Hic fiat secunda statio ex parte ecclesiæ australi, ubi septem pueri in eminenti loco simul cantent hanc antiphonam: Gloria laus et honor tibi sit, rex Christe Pueri redemptor, Cui puerile decus prompsit Hosanna pium.' Chorus idem repetat post unum quemque versum. vero dicant versum: Israel es tu rex,' &c. Chorus -Hymnal Noted,' idem repetat: 'Gloria, laus.' No. 54. Dr. Rock says: "The whole procession now moved to the south side of the close, or churchyard, where in cathedrals a temporary erection was made for the boys who sang the Gloria, laus et honor......as a halt was made for a second station. Here was it that sometimes, in parish churches especially, the churchyard cross was the spot at which they stopped...... From the stone cross on the southern side......the procession went next to the western doorway, if the church had one, otherwise to the south porch, and there paused to make its third station." Then in a foot-note he adds : "The liturgical student should notice that the temporary erection over the church door, for the boys to I have searched in vain in the British Museum for further information respecting this writer and his remarkable treatise, and shall feel obliged for any sing the Gloria, laus,' &c., is specified in the York further information on the subject. Ealing, W. H. B. HYDE. rubric."-"The Church of Our Fathers,' vol. iii. pt. ii. pp. 67-71, 227-233. Chambers, in his 'Divine Worship in England,' p. 191, says : "Arriving at the south side or door of the church, Seven boys from an eminence, Verse, 'Glory,' &c. The Choir repeat this after each Verse. Boys' verse, 'Israel,' &c. These verses finished, the procession advances to the third station, before the west door." These loci eminentes are rare, as they were prochurches any bably erected only for the day; but in |