CHURCH AND STATE

THEIR RELATIONS HISTORICALLY DEVELOPED

BY

HEINRICH GEFFCKEN

PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AT THE UNIVERSITY OF STRASBURG
LATE HANSEATIC MINISTER RESIDENT AT THE COURT OF ST. JAMES'S

TRANSLATED AND EDITED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE AUTHOR

BY

EDWARD FAIRFAX TAYLOR

IN TWO VOLUMES

VOL. II.

LONDON

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.

All rights reserved

SEP

1882

3253

CONTENTS

OF

THE SECOND VOLUME.

CHAPTER XVII.

EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON GERMANY.

Secularisation of Church Property-Secret Treaty between France and

Prussia-Treaty of Campo Formio-Congress of Rastadt-Treaty

of Lunéville-General Plan of Indemnity imposed by France and

Russia-The Ecclesiastical States deprived of Independence-Secu-

larisation in Bavaria under Montgelas-Edict of Religious Liberty—

Secularisation in Würtemberg and Baden-Dalberg's Negotiations

for a German Concordat-Attempted Concordat for Bavaria-Papal

Negotiations with Würtemberg-Bonaparte and the Rhenish Con-

federation-Ecclesiastical Commission of 1809-Thugut's Policy in

Austria-Religious Edict of 1788 in Prussia-The Landrecht of 1794

-Good Relations with Rome-The Landrecht and Protestantism-

Mediatising of the Church in Würtemberg.

PAGE 1

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE RESTORATION AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Principle of Legitimacy-Congress of Vienna and the Church-Restora-

tion of Pius VII.-Revival of Papal Pretensions-Re-establishment

of the Jesuits-Restoration in Spain, Sardinia, Naples, the Papal

States, and Tuscany-France: Clerical Reaction under Louis XVIII.

-Papal Convention of 1817-Failure to revive Concordat of 1517

Activity of the Parti Prètre-Law of Sacrilege-The Jesuits de-

nounced by Montlosier-Ordinances of 1828 on Education-Unpopu-

larity of the Clergy-Germany: Opposition of Bavaria to a Federal

Concordat-Metternich opposes a Concordat for Austria-Bavarian

Concordat of 1817-Constitutional Act and Edict of Religion-

Protest of Rome-Royal Rescript of Tegernsee-Negotiations of

Prussia with Rome-Niebuhr's Memorial of 1819-Bull De Salute

Animarum-Circumscription Bull for Hanover-Frankfort Con-

ference of South German States-Their Negotiations with Consalvi

-Concordat with the Netherlands-Redistribution of Dioceses in

Switzerland-Germany: Roman Sympathies of Catholic Clergy-

Anti-Febronian Movement-Wessenberg's Attempts at Church

Reform-Romantic and Historic Theories of Catholicism-Ultra-

montane Doctrines of Görres and Droste-Feeble Policy of the

Prussian Government-Catholic Reaction in Silesia-Memorial of

1826-Schimonsky and President Merckel-Ultramontane Progress

in the Netherlands-Catholic Emancipation in England.

PAGE 35

CHAPTER XIX.

THE STATE AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH FROM 1830-48.

Effects of the July Revolution-Italy: Insurrection of the Legations-

Memorandum of the Great Powers-Integrity of Papal States

guaranteed-Papal Misgovernment and Priestly Rule-Spain: Pro-

gress of Ultramontanism-Belgium: Revolution of 1830-Union of

Catholics and Liberals-Clerical Ascendency-The Union dissolved

-France: Popular Reaction against the Clergy-Disturbances in

Paris-Timidity of the Government-Anti-Clerical Legislation-

Liberal Catholic Movement-Lamennais and the 'Avenir-Catho-

licism incompatible with Civil Liberty-Conduct of Education de-

manded by the Clergy-Aggressive Attitude of the Jesuits-

Ireland: the Tithe Grievance-Question of Appropriation-Further

Concessions to Catholics-Germany: Growing Dislike of Ultramon-

tanism-Austria: Ultramontane Progress under Ferdinand I.-Re-

admission of the Jesuits Mixed Marriages in Hungary-Prussia:

Dispute with Rome respecting Mixed Marriages-The Archbishop

of Cologne and the Government-The Contest repeated in Posen-

Triumph of the Vatican-Germany: Ultramontane Progress in

Bavaria-The 'Holy Coat of Trèves'-German Catholic Movement

under Ronge and Czerski-Switzerland: Contest between Liberals

and Ultramontanes-Catholic League of 1831-The Jesuits invited

to Lucerne War of the Sunderbund-Victory of the Liberals-

Italy: Election of Pius IX.-His Political Reforms-Early Signs

of Ultramontanism

107

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

vii

CHAPTER XX.

THE STATE AND THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES, 1815-48.

Protestant Revival after the French Revolution-Anti-Rationalistic

Movement umder Schleiermacher-Prussia: Church Reforms of

Frederick William III.-Evangelical Union' of Lutherans and

Reformed Synodal Constitution of the New Church-Introduction

of the 'Agenda'-Clerical Resistance under Schleiermacher-Perse-

cution in Silesia-Presbyterian Constitution in Westphalia and the

Rhine Provinces-General Failure of the Union'-- Frederick

William IV.-His Dislike of Monarchical Episcopacy-His Scheme

of Church Organisation-Ordination Formula of 'Union' Theolo-

gians-Endowment of Evangelical Church-Germany: Evangelical

Union in Nassau-in Rhenish Bavaria-in Baden-in Rhenish Hesse

-Hostility of Catholic Government in Bavaria-The 'Genuflexion

Decree-Austria: Persecution of Protestant Zillerthalers in Tyrol

-General Progress of German Protestantism-Theological Parties--

Liberalism and Free-thinking-Switzerland: Mischievous System of

State Domination-Formation of Free Churches-Netherlands: Re-

constitution of the Protestant Church-Free Church in Holland-

France: Ill-treatment of Protestants-Russia: Persecution of

Lutherans in the Baltic Provinces-Great Britain: Removal of Civil

Disabilities from Dissenters-The Tractarian Movement-Early

Phases of Ritualism-Lay Patronage in Scotland-The Veto Act

-Collision between Church and State-Disruption of 1843-Forma-

tion of the Free Church-United States: Separatist Principles of

Church and State
PAGE 168

CHAPTER XXI.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN REVOLUTION AND REACTION, 1848-59.

Effects of the February Revolution-Italy: Papal Constitution of 1848

-Pius IX. and the National Movement-His Flight to Gaëta-

Causes of his Failure-Germany: Catholic Movement for Church

Independence-Debate in the Frankfort Assembly-Episcopal De-

mands-The Würzburg Articles-The Bishops' Memorial to the

German Governments-Question of State Interference in the Church

-Constitutions of 1848 and 1850-System of State-guardianship

surrendered-Freedom of the Church in Prussia-Resistance to

Clerical Demands in Bavaria-Conflicts in the Upper Rhenish

Church Province-Ketteler's Appointment to See of Mayence-

Memorial of the Five Bishops-Italy: Restoration of Pius IX. to