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I may paraphrase some verses written about the time of the events of which I have been speaking, taken from Defoe's 'History of the Devil."

Bad as he was, the Indian may be abus'd,
Be fasely charg'd, and recklessly accus'd,
White men unwilling to be blam'd alone,

Shift off those crimes on him which are their own.

The Indians were naturally inclined to be friendly to the white man and gave away much land to the white man by persuasion and for gewgaws, but when these milder methods of obtaining land failed, whiskey, rum, tomahawk, musket and cannon were resorted to. It was the Christian civilization of the white man that taught the Indian to become a drunkard. It now comes with poor grace for a would be maker of Colonial history to point his finger with scorn at Logan and call him a drunken old Indian reeking in human blood. By the same measure what of George Rodgers Clark? You read in your history no such degrading words about him. No. He was a white man after this Ohio Country. Undoubtedly Clark was a hero, but what would history say of him if it were written by an Indian of the time?

Logan's speech to Dunmore, which you have engraved upon that imperishable monument, has been called the "Outburst from a blood-stained savage, excited as well by the cruelties he had committed as by liquor." John Gibson said under oath, the great Chief was in tears when he spoke to him, and certainly his words carry the anguish of his heart. Do not believe for one second that the speech is that of a drunken Indian. Logan's speech is as well authenticated as any

It is

piece of history of its time and character. It was sworn to by John Gibson, the confidential interpreter of Lord Dunmore and a man of upright character and sterling honesty. You may believe what Logan said or not; the Mingo Chief believed he was telling the truth when he uttered it and he never took back what he said. true he died an outcast and a drunkard some years after the massacre of his family at Baker's bottom; but no reproach should ever be cast upon his sobriety and humanity by white lips. Even if his mind was influenced by liquor, which I do not believe, when he defied the treaty council and dictated his regrets to Lord Dunmore, he but followed in the footsteps of many great white men in every age of history. When you judge Logan you must think of him as one who had been robbed of his country and deprived of his family by uncalled for assassinations; as one who saw extermination for his race or conformity to the dictates and customs of the Englishman.

Logan was born in the state of New York. His family was a distinguished one among his tribe. When a young man he moved to Pennsylvania where he was well known by many of the prominent men of the day. His friends and acquaintances liked and extolled him and considered him a kind, intelligent, brave and honest Indian and well disposed toward the white man. He had forgiven the brutal treatment accorded his people in the East in early days and so wrote to Colonel Cresap; but he could not forgive the unprovoked murder of his family at Baker's bottom. What Indian, what white man could have forgiven it? It was so cold blooded in its conception and carried out in such revolting detail that even the hardened Indian fighters of the day has

tened to disclaim complicity in it. But the time came when his trained intelligence told him it was useless to carry revenge further. It told him that the existence of the red man in this wonderfully beautiful and fruitful country was doomed. Accordingly, as he saw his hunting ground taken from his race he raised no obstructive protest except by his absence from the treaty council at Camp Charlotte. When he was sent for by Lord Dunmore he dictated a message through tears of anguish, a message from his very soul, which stands unequalled in any language of any age.

Is this not sufficient reason for us assembled here today to re-dedicate ourselves to the spirit of this great man; to re-dedicate this tree and this monument to his memory? And, let us hope, that each year through the coming centuries there may be performed here some act which will keep alive the memory of Logan, although the tree may have gone to dust.

Nearly one hundred and fifty years have passed since the events transpired upon this land which hurried along the war of the Revolution. I may truthfully say the first and last guns were fired on these plains. It is both useful and desirable that we should frequently recall these events and keep fresh in our minds the.conditions. of that time. The Anglo-Saxon has finally displaced the red man, as Logan and Cornstalk so plainly saw he would. It is but another instance of the survival of the fittest, with all the attendant murder, cruelties, treachery and deceit. Let us not be too haughty in our victory for it was not always nobly won. Let us be great enough to be honest; let us be great enough to admit the weaknesses of human nature as they cropped out on each

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side in the winning of this land of plenty. It is not necessary to belittle and calumniate the red man in order to emphasize our own exalted position. The Indian of these plains was a man of many excellent qualities if I read his history aright. He was treated in what was to him an unusual manner by an invading race and it is coming time when we should make public recognition of his good qualities and write him in history as he really was.

Think of this proud Indian Chief living alone at Westfall, alone in this vast wilderness, separated from his people because he no longer sought revenge. Yet he was haughty and true to his Indian blood as he refused the demand of Lord Dunmore to appear at once at Camp Charlotte and with the other chiefs sign away the rights of his tribe to their country. Consider what were his sorrows as he saw slipping away from his people forever the land of the Shawnees,

With its wonderful streams and beautiful trees,
With its flowers abloom and the wild perfume,
That floats like a bloom on the evening breeze.

Logan knew what had happened along the Atlantic country for he had been forced to move from there. He saw with his prophetic eye what would soon happen here. The bison, the deer, the bear, the fur-bearing animals and other wild game would soon be gone and the Indian would have nowhere to lay his head. I say put yourself in the place of this man and you can easily understand the emotions of his mind when he declined the command of Lord Dunmore and sent him this message:

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