Chapters on EvolutionChatto & Windus, 1883 - Всего страниц: 383 |
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adult air-bladder animal or plant animalcule animals and plants appears appendages ascidian Axolotl barnacle become biological bird body bones buds Campodea carpels cells changes chiton cilia colonial common compound connected constitution crab cross-fertilisation crustaceans curious Darwin degeneration descent evolution exhibit existence fact favour fertilisation firstly fish flowers fossil frog gasteropod germ gills higher animals idea illustrated individual insects jaws lampshells lancelet larva larvæ latter life-history likewise limbs living lobster ment metamorphosis missing links modification molluscs mouth naïs nature Nauplius neighbours organisation organs origin pairs parent phases pistil pollen pollen-grains possess present primitive primrose produced progress protoplasm pteropod quadrupeds race regarded remarks represented reptiles resemblance retrogression Sacculina sea-mat sea-squirt seen segments self-fertilisation shell similar skull species sponge stage stamens starfish stigma structure tail tendency theory tion to-day true units vertebrate whilst wings worm young zoophyte
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Стр. 13 - There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.
Стр. 12 - It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent upon each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us.
Стр. 142 - He hath made every thing beautiful in his time: also he hath set the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end.
Стр. 2 - We believe we have now shown that there is a tendency in nature to the continued progression of certain classes of varieties further and further from the original type — a progression to which there appears no reason to assign any definite limits — and...
Стр. 348 - ... does not necessarily include progressive development — it only takes advantage of such variations as arise and are beneficial to each creature under its complex relations of life.
Стр. 86 - These several considerations make me believe that the wingless condition of so many Madeira beetles is mainly due to the action of natural selection, combined probably with disuse. For during many successive generations each individual beetle which flew least, either from its wings having been ever so little less perfectly developed or from indolent habit, will have had the best chance of surviving from not being blown out to sea; and, on the other hand, those beetles which most readily took to flight...
Стр. 2 - This progression, by minute steps, in various directions, but always checked and balanced by the necessary conditions, subject to which alone existence can be preserved, may, it is believed, be followed out so as to agree with all the phenomena presented by organized beings, their extinction and succession in past ages, and all the extraordinary modifications of form, instinct, and habits which they exhibit.
Стр. 13 - Variability from the indirect and direct action of the conditions of life, and from use and disuse: a Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to a Struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of Character and the Extinction of less-improved forms. Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows.
Стр. 100 - In my possession are two little embryos in spirit, whose names I have omitted to attach, and at present I am quite unable to say to what class they belong. They may be lizards or small birds, or very young mammalia, BO complete is the similarity in the mode of formation of the head and trunk in these animals.
Стр. 348 - But it may be objected that if all organic beings thus tend to rise in the scale, how is it that throughout the world a multitude of the lowest forms still exist...