The Complete Idiot's Guide to EvolutionPenguin, 1 окт. 2001 г. - Всего страниц: 317 While humans have been evolving since life on earth began, the geological, paleontological, and natural explorations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which revealed that the Earth was far older than had previously been imagined, that led to the questioning of biblical beliefs in creation. Even before Darwin, there were scientists who set the stage for the "survival of the fittest." The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Evolution offers a beginner's/re-learner's look at the science and the controversy surrounding it. |
Содержание
The Evolution of an Idea | 1 |
The Basics of Evolution | 3 |
Why Oppose Evolution? | 4 |
Why Is Evolution So Misunderstood? | 5 |
Lets Get Our Terms Straight | 6 |
Where Did You Come From? | 7 |
Darwins First of Two Great Ideas | 8 |
What Darwin Didnt Know | 9 |
Natural vs Artificial Selection Whats the Difference? | 157 |
Explaining Bravado | 158 |
Runaway Sexual Selection Model | 159 |
Why Panthers Are in Danger of Extinction | 160 |
The Effect of Catastrophes on Small Populations | 161 |
What Keeps Evolution in Motion? | 162 |
Mutants Shuffled Genes and Mateless Maggots | 165 |
Putting Genes Back in the Pool | 166 |
Evolution Is Observable but You Might Not Like What You See | 10 |
The Greek Philosophers Tackle Evolution | 13 |
All Life Comes from the Sea | 14 |
What Anaximander Got Rightand Wrong | 15 |
Where Do They Belong? | 16 |
Climbing the Ladder of Being | 17 |
Change As Fate | 18 |
All Change Comes to an End | 19 |
The Legacy of the Ancient Greeks | 20 |
The Age of Earth and the Fixity of the Species | 21 |
The Problem of Genesis | 22 |
Getting to Nature Through the Back Door | 23 |
Reviving the Ladder of Being | 24 |
The Protestant Reformation | 25 |
Taking Creation Out of the Picture | 26 |
Searching for a Divine Master Plan | 27 |
John Rays Dilemmas | 28 |
The Sacred Theory of the Earth | 29 |
Earth Gets a History | 31 |
The Chain of Being | 32 |
Mr In Between | 33 |
The Discovery of the Earth | 34 |
The Great Fossil Hunt | 35 |
Johann Herder and the Power of Nature | 36 |
The Importance of Butfons Theories | 37 |
The Albinos from Senegal and the Problem of Inheritance | 39 |
The Love Life of Plants | 43 |
The Ultimate Classifier | 44 |
Plants with Open and Hidden Marriages | 45 |
Why Is Linnaeus Important to Evolution? | 46 |
A Glance Backward | 48 |
Looking for Answers in All the Wrong Places | 49 |
Whats Wrong with This Picture? | 52 |
The Poet of Nature | 53 |
The Advent of Darwin | 55 |
Form Function and Catastrophe | 57 |
Rescuing Geology from the Atheists | 58 |
Cuvier Claims Lamarck Cant Adapt | 59 |
Catastrophic Evidence | 60 |
Cuviers Dilemma | 62 |
Buckland Joins the Rearguard Action | 63 |
Wisdom Greatness and Providence | 64 |
Geoffrey St Hilaire and the Search for a Single Ancestor | 66 |
Ultimately Unsound | 68 |
The Heroic Age of Geology | 71 |
Digging into the Rocks | 72 |
One Too Many Catastrophes | 74 |
Lyells Geological Epochs | 75 |
No to Organic Progression | 76 |
The Rules of the Game Stay the Same | 77 |
Adam Sedgwick | 78 |
Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle | 81 |
Shooting Dogs and Rat Catching | 82 |
Introduction to Adam Sedgwick | 83 |
The Voyage of the Beagle | 84 |
Strange Correspondences | 85 |
The Human Hand in Nature | 86 |
The Mystery of Mysteries | 89 |
Australia and New Zealand And Home | 90 |
Natures Winners and Losers | 93 |
Evolution of a Theory | 94 |
The Creative Uses of Competition | 96 |
An Economic Sermon No One Wanted to Hear | 97 |
Survival of the Fittest | 98 |
The Key to the Puzzle | 99 |
The Advantage of Mistakes | 100 |
The Double Action of Selection | 103 |
Faltering at the Finish Line | 104 |
The Debut of Evolution | 107 |
The Bombshell | 108 |
Wallaces Hunt for the Mechanism of Evolution | 109 |
Wallaces Feverish Epiphany | 110 |
The Origin of the Origin | 111 |
Darwin Readies to Take Evolution Public | 112 |
The Storm Begins | 113 |
Finding Flaws in Darwins Theory | 115 |
The Problem of BetterEndowed Males | 116 |
Genes and Evolution | 119 |
The Man Who Saved Darwinism | 121 |
Taking Up Darwins Cause | 122 |
The Riddle of Reproduction | 123 |
New Blood Pure Blood and Bad Blood | 124 |
A Monk and His Pea Plants | 126 |
Traits Lost and Found | 128 |
Mendel Lost and Found | 130 |
The ABCs of Natural Selection | 133 |
The Discovery of Genes | 134 |
Linking Genes to Disease | 135 |
The Link Between Genes and Evolution | 137 |
The Spice of Life | 138 |
Who Gets to Contribute Their Genetic Legacy | 139 |
Depleting Diversity | 140 |
Selecting for and Selecting Against | 141 |
Natural Selection Has Limits | 142 |
Who Is the Fittest One of All? | 145 |
What Does It Really Mean? | 146 |
Surviving Is Only Half the Battle | 147 |
Diving into the Gene Pool | 149 |
Tracking Down Genes Through the Generations | 150 |
Is Evolution Taking Place or Not? | 151 |
Population Genetics | 152 |
The Natural Process of Loss | 155 |
What Natural Selection Is And Isnt | 156 |
Why Do Bad Alleles Endure? | 167 |
Eliminating Mutant Genes from a Population | 168 |
Good Alleles | 169 |
A Little Help from Ones Friends | 170 |
Where Do New Species Come From? | 172 |
Putting It Altogether The Modern Synthesis | 175 |
The Big Picture Macroevolution | 177 |
Whats the Difference? | 178 |
Evolution Above the Species Level | 180 |
Defining the Relationship | 181 |
The Dynamics of Macroevolution | 182 |
Looking for Common Ancestors | 183 |
Vestiges of the GreatGreatGreatGrandfather | 185 |
Reading the Fossils | 186 |
Getting in Before the Crowd | 187 |
The Truth About Cats and Dogs | 188 |
The Role of Extinction in Evolution | 189 |
Shaping the Patterns of Change | 190 |
Some Species Die So That Others Might Live | 191 |
Obits Hardly Anyone Reads | 192 |
Memorable Mass Extinctions | 193 |
Punctuated Equilibrium | 195 |
Contingency vs Predetermination | 196 |
Why Punctuated Evolution Gets So Much Attention | 197 |
Continental Drift and Evolution | 199 |
From Earth to Moon and Back Again | 200 |
A Record of Violence | 201 |
Pulling Apart the Supercontinent | 202 |
When India and Africa Lived Together | 204 |
The Supercontinent | 205 |
Explaining the Cambrian Explosion | 207 |
The Search for the Missing Link | 209 |
Hoaxes and Frauds | 211 |
Our Earliest Ancestors Maybe | 213 |
The Lucy Show | 214 |
The Handy Man | 215 |
Homo Erectus and the Cost of a Larger Brain | 216 |
Where Has Nellie Gone? | 217 |
The Mystery of Turkana Boy | 218 |
The Neanderthals Tell Their Side of the Story | 219 |
The Neanderthals Get a Refurbished Image | 220 |
Climbing Down from the Trees | 223 |
The First Migrations | 224 |
Why Did the Neanderthals Vanish? | 226 |
Bring On the Tools | 227 |
Humans Arent the Only Tool Makers | 228 |
The Savanna Hypothesis | 229 |
Walk on Your Own Two Feet | 230 |
Why Human Evolution May Get Going Again | 232 |
The Impact of Evolution on Society | 235 |
The Siren Call of Social Darwinism | 237 |
The Survival of the Fittest Revisited | 238 |
To the Middle Class Belong the Spoils | 239 |
Dragging the Chain of Being out of the Closet | 240 |
Carl Vogt | 241 |
A Dangerous Idea Lives On | 242 |
Let Free Markets Prevail | 243 |
Mr Marx Meet Mr Darwin | 244 |
Vestiges of Social Darwinism | 245 |
Eugenics The Dangers of Purity | 247 |
Breeding Out the Undesirables | 248 |
Panic of the Ruling Class | 249 |
Introducing Eugenics to the World | 250 |
Three Generations of Imbeciles Are Enough | 251 |
Seduced by Eugenics | 252 |
The Ultimate Eugenics Experiment | 253 |
Whats in a Name? | 254 |
The Ghost of Eugenics? | 255 |
Sociobiologys Leading Advocate | 256 |
Creationism Putting God Back into the Picture | 259 |
Joining the Debate over Evolution | 260 |
America After Darwin and Before Creationism | 261 |
The Monkey Trial | 262 |
Evolution Goes Up on Trial | 263 |
Making Sense of the Monkey Trial | 264 |
Creationists Have Their Say | 265 |
How Could Life Come from Nothing? | 266 |
New Earth and Old Earth Ages | 268 |
Building a Better Mousetrap Intelligent Design | 271 |
Designer on Trial | 272 |
Irreducible Complexity | 273 |
Poking Holes in Darwinism | 274 |
Irreducible Complexity Does Not Compute | 275 |
Filling the Gaps Without God | 276 |
Proving Evolution and Disproving a Designer | 277 |
Can Science Talk About Creation? | 278 |
The Future of Evolution | 281 |
The Biological Century | 282 |
Sequencing the Human Genome | 283 |
The Temptation to Play God | 284 |
Mimicking Evolution | 285 |
The Backlash | 286 |
The Ultimate Shopping List | 288 |
The Coming GenRich and GenPoor Divide | 289 |
Altering the EnvironmentAltering Ourselves | 290 |
Defeating Age and Death | 291 |
The Search for Immortality | 292 |
The Limitations of Cloning | 294 |
Glossary | 297 |
Timeline | 305 |
Index | 305 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
adapt Africa alleles Anaximander animals apes Australopithecus believed biblical biological biologists breeding called catastrophes cause cells century Chapter characteristics Charles Darwin chromosomes cloning common ancestor complex continental drift creation creationists creatures Cuvier Darwin's theory Darwinian Dictionary discovery Earth environment environmental Epoch eugenics evidence evolutionary change evolutionary theory evolved existing species explain female fittest forms fossil record gene pool genetic drift genetic variation genotypes Geoffroy geological geologists heredity hominid Homo erectus humans idea individuals inheritance insects instance intelligent design Lamarck Least You Need Linnaeus living Lyell macroevolution males mass extinctions mate Mean mechanism Mendel million years ago moths mutations natural selection naturalists Neanderthals occur offspring organism's organisms origin paleontologists parents period philosopher plants plate tectonics population produce punctuated equilibrium result rock scientific scientists sexual selection social Darwinism sociobiology speciation structure survival theory of evolution tion traits Wallace Wegener