composed by the founders of those sects; they were the liturgies of the churches, in which Nestorius and Eutyches were instructed in the Christian faith. A few insertions were afterwards introduced into them, expressing the peculiar doctrines of these heretical teachers, which were as much in opposition to each other, as they were to the common doctrine of all other Christian churches. But on all the other points of Christian doctrine and worship, on the Trinity, on the Sacrifice of the mass, on the real presence, on transubstantiation, on the invocation of saints, on prayers for the dead, &c., the liturgies of the Nestorians and Eutychians are perfectly conformable to all other ancient liturgies. This circumstance affords strong evidence, that the doctrines and religious rites of all Christian churches were the same, previously to the period of the separation of Nestorius and Eutyches, from the faith of the Catholic church. Their errors were against two articles of the mystery of the Incarnation. Nestorius denied the unity of person, in Christ; Eutyches denied the distinction. of two natures in Christ.

The following Extracts are taken from the Liturgies used in the Churches of

JERUSALEM, called the Liturgy of St. James-which is the most ancient of all Liturgies, and has been commonly used in Syria.

ALEXANDRIA, called the Liturgy of St. Mark-containing the ancient rite of the Church of Alexandria; and constantly in use among the Orthodox Christians in Egypt, till they were compelled to adopt the Liturgy of Constantinople.

ANTIOCH, the same as the Liturgy of Jerusalem.

CONSTANTINOPLE, called the Liturgies of St. Chrysostom and St. Basil, followed by all the Greek Christians in the East and West, by the Russians, and nations converted to Christianity by the Greeks.

THE NESTORIANS, called the Liturgies of the Holy Apostles, of Theodorus, and of Nestorius. The Liturgy of the Holy Apostles is the ancient Liturgy of the churches of Syria before Nestorius. In the Liturgy of Nestorius, which was the old Liturgy of the church of Constantinople, that heresiarch has inserted his error in the Preface.

The EUTYCHIANS, or of the Copths in Egypt, called the Liturgies of St. Basil, St. Gregory, and St. Cyril. These were in common use among the Jacobites in Egypt, so called from James the Syrian (who died in 577), one of the Eutychian leaders, who rejected the Council of Calcedon, and taught that there is only one nature in Christ.

The above Oriental Liturgies are found in Renaudot's Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio, in two volumes, Paris 1716, from which the

following extracts are taken, except those of Constantinople, which are taken from Goar's Evxoλoyiov sive Rituale Græcorum, Paris 1647. THE ROMAN-from the ancient sacramentaries of Pope Gelasius, and Pope Gregory the Great.

THE AMBROSIAN-which was in use at Milan before the time of St. Ambrose.

NOTE [C], page 98.

I. ON THE TRINITY OF PERSONS IN ONE GOD, AND THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST, THE REDEEMER OF MANKIND.

From the Liturgy of St. James. Renaudot, tom. ii.

Holy, holy, holy art thou, O Lord God of Sab

The Priest. "Thou art truly Holy, O King of ages, from whom all sanctity is derived: Holy likewise is thy only begotten Son, our Lord GOD and Saviour Jesus Christ. Holy also is thy Holy Spirit, who searcheth all things, even thy deep counsels, O God the Father. For thou art holy, who containest all things, Omnipotent, terrible, good, together with thy only begotten Son, who partook of sufferings, chiefly for the sake of man, thy work, whom thou didst form of earth, and on whom thou didst bestow the delights of Paradise. But when he had transgressed thy command, and was fallen, thou didst not neglect or abandon him, O Goodness, but thou didst bring him back, as a most merciful Father. Thou did call him by the law; thou didst direct him by the Prophets; at last, thou didst send thine only begotten Son into the world, that he might renovate thy image. He descended and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost, and of the Holy Mother of God, and ever Virgin Mary, and he conversed with men, and instituted all means of Salvation for mankind." Page 31.

All say together. "One Father Holy, one Son Holy, one Spirit Holy. May the name of the Lord be blessed, who is one in heaven, and on earth to him be glory for ever. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, sanctifying all, and expiating all.” Pages 40 and 41.

Priest. "O Lord, we believe with a true, and certain faith. We believe in Thee, as the Holy and Catholic Church believes in Thee, that Thou art one Father, holy, to whom be glory, amen. One Son, holy, to him be praise, amen. One Spirit, holy, to him be glory and thanksgiving for ever, amen." Page 41.

The Priest. "Great and wonderful GOD, who didst bend down the heavens and descend for the salvation of us men, have regard to us through thy mercy and grace; bless thy people, and preserve thine

inheritance, that always, and at all times, we may praise thee, because thou only art our TRUE GOD, (and that we may praise) God the Father, who begat thee, and thy Holy Spirit, now and for ever," &c.

People." Amen." Page 42.

From the Liturgy of St. Mark, Renaudot, tom. i.

The Priest begins the Anaphora or Canon. "It is truly meet and just, holy, and becoming, and advantageous to our souls, to celebrate thee with praises and hymns, who art, O Sovereign Lord, God the Father Almighty, and to give thanks to thee.... who didst make man to thine own image and likeness, on whom thou didst bestow the delights of Paradise. Thou didst not despise him when he had transgressed, nor didst thou abandon him, O Goodness, but thou didst call him back again by the law, thou didst instruct him by the Prophets; at last, thou didst reform and renew him by this tremendous, and lifegiving and heavenly sacrament. All which things thou didst do by thy wisdom, the true light, thine only begotten Son, our Lord, and GOD, and Saviour Jesus Christ, through whom we give thanks to thee, with him and the Holy Ghost, &c. Pages 144, 145. People. "Holy, Holy, Holy Lord."

Priest. "Truly are heaven and earth full of thy glory, by the manifestation of our Lord, and GOD and Saviour Jesus Christ. Grant, O God, that this sacrifice may be also full of thy blessing, by the coming of thy most holy Spirit. Because the Lord and GOD, and our Sovereign King Jesus Christ, in the night in which he delivered himself for our sins, and suffered death in his flesh for all," &c. Pages 154, 155.

The Priest prays. "Holy, supreme, tremendous Lord, who reposest in holy places, sanctify us by the word of thy grace, and by the descent of thy holy Spirit. For thou hast said, O Lord, be ye holy, because I am holy, O Lord our GOD, incomprehensible Word of God, consubstantial with the Father and the Holy Ghost, and coeternal, and without beginning, as He, receive the immortal hymn, which being sung by the Cherubim and Seraphim, and uttered by me a sinner and thy unworthy servant, proclaims," &c.

People. Kyrie eleison. Kyrie eleison. Kyrie eleison." Priest with a loud voice. 66 Holy things for holy persons." People." One Father, Holy: one Son, Holy: one Spirit, Holy: in the unity of the Holy Spirit. Amen." Page 161.

From the Liturgy of St. Chrysostom. Goar,

The beginning of the Mass. "Blessed be the reign of the Father,

and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.. now, and for ever." Choir. "Amen." Page 64.

Deacon.

"Let us commend ourselves, and one another, and all our life to Christ, God."

The Priest, raising his voice.

"Because all glory, honour, and adoration are due to thee, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and Amen." Page 65.

for ever.

The Priest, raising his voice. "Thou art Holy our God, and we give glory to thee, to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, now and for ever." Choir. "Amen." Page 68.

Priest. "O Lord our God, who dwellest on high, and beholdest things that are low, who didst send salvation to mankind thy only begotten Son and GOD, our Lord Jesus Christ, look down on thy servants the Catechumens. . . . unite them to thy holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, and number them with thy chosen flock." Raising his voice. "That they together with us may glorify thy adorable and magnificent name, of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and for ever," &c. Choir. "Amen." Page 70.

From the Liturgy used by the Nestorians, called the Liturgy of the Holy Apostles. Renaudot, tom. ii.

"We will sing a hymn to thy glorious Trinity, O Father, Son, and Holy Ghost." Page 585.

"Thou art holy, O God the Father, truly the only one, from whom all paternity in heaven and in earth is named. Thou art holy, O eternal Son, by whom all things were made. Thou art holy, O holy eternal Spirit, by whom all things are sanctified." Pages 589, 590.

"Glory be to thee, O God the Father, who didst send thine only begotten Son, for our salvation." Page 593.

From the Liturgy used by the Nestorians, called the Liturgy of Theodorus. Renaudot, tom. ii.

"We offer praise, glory, thanksgiving, and adoration, to the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and for ever.... We bend our knees before thy great and tremendous name, and we offer our adorations. May the choirs above unite with us in praising and thanking thee, because through thy ineffable goodness to man, and for our salvation, the only begotten Son, GOD, the Word, being the image of God, who, thought it no robbery that he should be equal to God, debased himself, taking the form of a servant, descended from heaven, assumed our human nature, a mortal body, and a rational, intelligent, and immortal soul, of the Virgin Mary by the virtue of the Holy Ghost: and thus perfected and completed this great and wonderful dispensation, which had been prepared by thy prescience, before the foundation of the world." Page 618,

From the Liturgy used by the Nestorians, called the Liturgy of the Nestorius. Renaudot, tom. ii.

"To thee, O God the Father, and to thy only begotten Son, Jesus Christ our Lord, and to thy living, holy, and vivifying Spirit, we offer glory, honour, thanksgiving and adoration, now and for ever. Amen." Page 626.

"All rational creatures, visible and invisible, at all times offer perpetual praises to thee, and thy only begotten Son, and thy Holy Spirit. For thou didst produce us from nothing, that we might have an existence: thou didst dispose of us. We offended and were fallen. We were perishing in our old state of corruption: thou hast renewed us, thou hast raised us up and purchased us, nor hast thou ceased to visit us with great care. Thou hast made us ascend into heaven, and hast in thy mercy given us thy kingdom which is to come. For all thy blessings to us we give thanks to thee, O God, truly Father, and to thy only begotten Son, and to thy living and Holy Spirit," &c. Page 627, 628.

Canon. "Before thy Trinity, O Lord, stand a thousand times a thousand, and ten thousand times ten thousand angels; and all together without ceasing and perpetually, with a loud voice, sing praise and jubilation, crying one to the other, saying and answering, Holy, Holy, Holy."-The Priest. "Holy, Holy, Holy, the strong Lord, of whom the heavens and the earth are full." Page 628.

From the Coptic Liturgy used by the Eutychians, called the Liturgy of St. Basil. Renaudot, tom. i.

The Priest. "To thee we offer praise, glory, and adoration, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and for ever. A men." Page 2.

Priest. "O Lord, God Omnipotent, Father of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, we give thanks to thee," &c.—Ibid.

"O Lord Jesus Christ, only begotten Son, the Word of God the Father, consubstantial and coeternal with him and the Holy Ghost ; thou art the living bread, who didst come down from heaven.. and lay down thy perfect and innocent soul for the life of the world."Page 3.

Priest. "Thou art Holy, holy, holy, our Lord God, who didst make us, and place us in a paradise of delights. But when, by the deceit. of the serpent, we had violated thy commands concerning the tree of life, had fallen from eternal life, and were cast out of the paradise of delights, thou didst not abandon us for ever, but thou didst hold out thy promises to us by thy holy prophets. In the last days, thou didst manifest to us, sitting in darkness and the shadow of death, thy only begotten Son, the LORD GOD and Saviour Jesus Christ, who was incarnate by the Holy Ghost, and of the Holy Virgin Mary, and