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mously did, and in 1901 the consolidation was legally completed and both university and seminary entered upon a future full of promise to both institutions.

The Central University at Danville is now under the able and successful presidency of the Rev. F. W. Hinitt D. D., keeping alive the splendid history of the old Centre College which it succeeds, and the young Central University of Richmond to the fine record of which it succeeded.

Before quitting consideration of this famous educational institution reference is due one of the really great men who, at the head of Centre College, made his mark broad and deep upon the history of education in Kentucky.

Ormond Beattie was born in Mason county, Kentucky, in 1815 and was graduated from Centre College when twenty years of age. After a year's post-graduate course at Yale, he became a professor of natural science in the college which had given him his education. Transferred to the chair of mathematics, he again, after five years, returned to the chair which he had first held. In 1870 he became president of the college and filled the chair of metaphysics holding these positions until his death in 1890. He was a great teacher, and, in addition to his duties with the college for half a century, he filled many positions of honor in the Presbyterian church and its councils. He passed to the high reward for his great labors June 24, 1890, honored by all who had known him; beloved by those whom he had taught.

The charter of the University of Louisville was granted by the legislature on February 7, 1846, and contemplated the founding of "all the departments of a university for the promotion of every branch of science, literature and the liberal arts." Lewis, in his sketch of Kentucky institutions, says: "Its basis was to be the Louisville Medical Institute, then a flourishing institution—a law department

Vol. I-27.

to be at once established-and power was given to convert the Louisville College into the collegiate department. The proposed institution was, according to the plan of the management adopted for the Louisville Medical Institute in 1837, to be governed by a board of eleven trustees who were to be appointed by the mayor and City Council of Louisville, and were given the right to confer all degrees usually conferred in colleges or universities.

"The medical department of the University of Louisville, is the oldest medical school now existing in Kentucky with a continuous history. Its origin may be traced, in name at least, to the Louisville Medical Institute, which was established in Louisville on February 7, 1833, and was it seems, operated for a short time under the charter of Center College at Danville. lege at Danville. It appears, however, never to have had any vigor and was succeeded in 1837 by a new institution, under the same name, out of which has grown organically the present medical department of the University of Louisville, which has thus had a continuous corporate history since 1837.”

The leading spirit in the establishment of the medical department was Dr. Charles Caldwell of Transylvania University, who came to Louisville and interested other prominent medical men in the project to establish a university. The council gave four acres of ground centrally located, and $50,000 toward the establishment of the university, $30,000 being for a suitable building and $20,000 for a library and apparatus. Dr. Joshua B. Flint was sent to Europe to purchase a suitable equipment for the new school. The cornerstone of the new building was laid February 22, 1838. The students who had already come to the new institution occupied temporary quarters in the upper rooms of the city workhouse, which stood on the site of the university." Think of it! The young men who were to become the leading physicians

of the country gained their first training in rooms above the derelicts who were sent to the workhouse for their violation of the laws of the city.

"The first faculty of the school was constituted as follows: Charles Caldwell, professor of the institutes of medicine; John Esten Cooke, theory and practice of medicine; Lunsford P. Yandell, chemistry; Henry Miller, obstetrics; Jedediah Cobb, anatomy; Joshua B. Flint, surgery. There were only twenty-five students present at the opening of the new institution but eighty, a number of them from other institutions, were in attendance during its first session and at its close the degree of M. D. was conferred upon twenty-four candidates."

Through various vicissitudes the medical school continued, always maintaining the high standard of excellence which had marked its beginning. To note the names of those who have held its different chairs would be to publish a directory of the most famous medical men of Louisville from the day of its foundation to the present; the list of its graduates would be a repetition of the names of many of the foremost physicians and surgeons in the United States. Other and excellent schools of medicine have in the years of its life, risen, flourished and passed away. Yet the University of Louisville, in its medical department, has gone on from initial excellence to the highest standard in the medical world and its diplomas today place their holders in the front rank of medical science.

The Louisville Law School, as the legal department of the University of Louisville is commonly designated, was organized February 7, 1846, and from its opening session to the present, it has been successful. Those most prominent in its formation were the Hon. James Guthrie and Chancellor Henry Pirtle. Mr. Guthrie was a lawyer, capitalist and statesman of the highest distinction. In subsequent years he became president of the Louisville

and Nashville railroad, secretary of the treasury in the cabinet of President Pierce and United States senator. The first faculty of the school had at its head the distinguished lawyer, Chancellor Pirtle, professor of constitutional law, equity and equity pleadings and commercial law; Garnett Duncan, professor of the science of law and the law of nations; Preston S. Loughborough, professor of the practice of law, including actions, pleadings, evidence and criminal law. All of these were able lawyers, but Judge Pirtle was the most distinguished and the one destined to be most closely connected with the school and to build the foundation upon which its success was to be established. "He was for twenty-seven years a professor of the law school and was more potent than any other one man in shaping its destinies. He was a profound lawyer, particularly in the equity branches, and was to the end of his life an enthusiastic and laborious student in many fields of learning."

Professor Duncan, a leader at the Kentucky bar, remained with the faculty but one year, being succeeded by Ephraim H. Ewing, who held a high position at the bar. Of Professor Loughborough it has been said that "as a professor, he moved with familiar steps over the department of jurisprudence confined to his teaching, and, as a practitioner he may be said to have illustrated the law by his learning and sagacity." He remained with the school until a short time prior to his death in 1852, and was succeeded by James Pryor. In the years succeeding, the most able and efficient members of the bar of Louisville have served as members of the faculty. From the Louisville Law School have gone out more young men who were to become great judges, governors, senators and congressmen than from any other law school in the United States.

In recent years there has been established in Louisville apart from the university the

Jefferson School of Law with a strong faculty, which has been successful from the beginning, its sessions being held in the evening, thus giving to its students an opportunity to pursue their advocations during the day time and receive desired instruction in the evening. The fees are not excessive and this school offers excellent facilities to young men whose

circumstances do not permit them to enter the more expensive schools, but the law fees do not represent cheapness in training, as young men going out of this institution, with its diplomas, have no difficulty in passing the examinations requisite to admission to the practice of law in the highest courts of the

state.

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CHAPTER LVI.

THE SOUTHERN BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY-BECOMES KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF THE BIBLE-TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY AGAIN— LOUISVILLE PRESBYTERIAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY-STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS-THEIR ESTABLISHMENT-THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF 1908-GEORGETOWN COLLEGE-KENTUCKY MILITARY INSTITUTE-BETHEL COLLEGE-BEREA COLLEGE-OTHER EDUCATIONAL FORCES.

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary was founded at Greenville, South Carolina, in the year 1859. The first faculty consisted of James P. Boyce, John A. Broadus, Basil Manly, Jr., and William Williams. Southern Baptists had for a number of years prior to the organization of the seminary discussed, upon various occasions, the founding of such an institution for all the southern states. Behind the movement, and as a means of unifying the South in the establishment of the seminary was the Southern Baptist convention, which was organized in 1845. In the deliberations of this body considerable time was given to the subject from time to time. At length, in May, 1857, an educational convention was held in Louisville, Kentucky, at which it was definitely decided to establish the school. One of the obstacles which it was necessary to overcome in the establishment of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary grew out of the fact that in many of the colleges in the southern states theological departments were already in existence, It was natural, therefore, that those who were identified with these theological departments looked with some disfavor upon the project of founding the new school which should undertake to do the general theological work of Southern Baptists, but as the discussion proceeded and the merits of the undertaking became more clearly defined these ob

jections, one by one, melted away, and at length there was a good degree of unanimity in the undertaking. in the undertaking. The only predecessor of the institution among southern Baptists was the Western Baptist Theological Institute which had an existence for a few years at Covington, Kentucky. Northern and southern Baptists united in the establishment of the institute and its patronage came from north and south, but when the southern Baptists separated from the north in their missionary organization the professors of the Covington institution cast in their lot with the Northern Baptist missionary societies, chiefly perhaps because of their opposition to the institution of slavery. The institute therefore went out of existence through the contests which arose between the opposing factions of those who had been hitherto supporters of the school. Southern Baptists withdrew their support entirely and began the agitation for a new institution. R. B. C. Howell and J. R. Graves were among the leaders in the agitation. At a meeting held in Nashville, Tennesseee, in 1847, and another held in Charleston, South Carolina, at a later date, addresses were made in favor of the new institution by Basil Manly, Jr., and W. B. Johnson, president of the Southern Baptist convention.

In June, 1854, the Virginia Baptist General Association called a meeting on the subject.

to be convened in May, 1855, in connection with the annual meeting of the Southern Baptist Convention. B. Manly, Jr., and James P. Boyce were active members of this conference, and John A. Broadus was also present. Yet another conference was held in Augusta, Georgia, in April, 1856. The District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, South Carolina and Georgia were represented at the meeting. Action was again deferred Action was again deferred and another convention was called to meet in Louisville, Kentucky, the meeting already referred to. This was also prior to the annual meeting of the Southern Baptist Convention. At a meeting held at Greenville, South Carolina, prior to the Louisville meeting, Rev. James P. Boyce submitted a report calling for a committee whose duty it should be to ascertain whether or not there were communities desiring the institution and what they would provide in a financial way to secure it. Dr. James P. Boyce henceforth becomes the most prominent figure in the founding of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He had been professor of theology in Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, and during the next two years Dr. Boyce became the recognized leader of the movement. On July 30, 1856, he delivered an address which has since become famous on the general subject "Three Changes in Theological Institutions."

These changes were summed up by Dr. John A. Broadus as follows:

"(1) A Baptist theological school ought not merely to receive college graduates, but men with less of general education-even men having only what is called a common English education-offering to every man such opportunities of theological study as he is prepared for and desires.

"(2) Besides covering, for those who are prepared, as wide a range of theological study as could be found elsewhere, such an institution ought to offer further and special

courses, so that the ablest and most aspiring students might make extraordinary attainments, preparing them for instruction and original authorship, and helping to make our country less dependent upon foreign scholarship

"(3) There should be prepared an Abstract of Principles, or careful statement of theological belief, which every professor in such an institution must sign when inaugurated so as to guard against the rise of erroneous and injurious instruction in such a seat of sacred learning."

This address, perhaps more than any other one influence, controlled the organization of the institution. The conception of offering theological education to the man who had only an English education was a most timely one and eminently adapted to the conditions then existing in the south. At the Louisville convention in 1857 a proposition from the South Carolina Baptist Convention to give $100,000 if the institution would come to Greenville was adopted by the convention, and it was agreed that if that sum should be raised in South Carolina by May 1, 1858, the institution would go to the state named. An educational convention was called to meet at Greenville in May, 1858, to organize the desired institution. The committee on plan of organization consisted of James P. Boyce, John A. Broadus, Basil Manly, Jr., E. T. Winkler and William Williams. These five were all highly gifted men, and all were elected professors of the institution. Dr. Winkler declined to serve, and the remaining four constituted the first faculty. Dr. Boyce had secured the necessary funds in South Carolina, so that the establishment of the institution was thus made a certainty. A committee on plan of organization was appointed which met in Richmond, Virginia, in August, 1857. There were present at this meeting B. Manly, Jr., John A. Broadus and James P. Boyce. Dr. Boyce had requested Dr. Manly

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