Societal Evolution: A Study of the Evolutionary Basis of the Science of SocietyMacmillan, 1915 - Всего страниц: 338 |
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Стр. v
... come to be the underlying idea of several modern sciences ; and less serious writ- ers find their vocabularies colored by what has now become a popular doctrine . Evolution is the fashion , and to affect evolutionary termi- nology is ...
... come to be the underlying idea of several modern sciences ; and less serious writ- ers find their vocabularies colored by what has now become a popular doctrine . Evolution is the fashion , and to affect evolutionary termi- nology is ...
Стр. vi
... come to believe that any fruitful study of the science of society must rest upon a clear understand- ing , even though it be but a layman's , of the Darwinian theory . Then came the question as to the validity of extending Darwinism and ...
... come to believe that any fruitful study of the science of society must rest upon a clear understand- ing , even though it be but a layman's , of the Darwinian theory . Then came the question as to the validity of extending Darwinism and ...
Стр. 4
... them to get anywhere . Perhaps it is worth while to reflect upon the reason for this condition of affairs . The trouble is that the idea of evolution has come to the social sciences through a medium , os- tensibly 4 SOCIETAL EVOLUTION.
... them to get anywhere . Perhaps it is worth while to reflect upon the reason for this condition of affairs . The trouble is that the idea of evolution has come to the social sciences through a medium , os- tensibly 4 SOCIETAL EVOLUTION.
Стр. 8
... come to identify evolution with progress . Whatever Spencer himself said or meant , this seems to have been one of the chief residua left after immersion in his phi- losophy of evolution . This view is not Dar- 1 " First Principles ...
... come to identify evolution with progress . Whatever Spencer himself said or meant , this seems to have been one of the chief residua left after immersion in his phi- losophy of evolution . This view is not Dar- 1 " First Principles ...
Стр. 14
... comes the fourth , which is really the result of the process - adap- tation . These are the simple and concrete terms used all the time by the natural scientists . The thought then occurred to me that if they could be applied to social ...
... comes the fourth , which is really the result of the process - adap- tation . These are the simple and concrete terms used all the time by the natural scientists . The thought then occurred to me that if they could be applied to social ...
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acculturation adaptation advance altered animal artificialized environment become biogenetic law biologically fit Challenge of Facts character characteristic civilization classes colony conflict convention counterselection course Darwin Darwinian degree E. A. Ross economic effective elements Eskimo Essays ethnocentrism eugenics evolutionary example factors field folkways forces frontier society Galton habitudes Hence heredity Hindu-Arabic Numerals human idea illustration imitation inculcation individual industrial interests isolation labor land laws leprosy less life-conditions maintenance-mores marriage matter means ment mental mind mode natural environment natural selection phenomena political population present primitive race rational selection reactions realization reason religion rest sanction savage science of society scientific scientist secondary societal forms secure seen sense societal evolution societal selection societal self-maintenance Sociology sort stage standard of living struggle for existence Sumner tion tradition transmission urban code variation whole
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Стр. 5 - I find that my mind is so fixed by the inductive method that I cannot appreciate deductive reasoning: I must begin with a good body of facts and not from a principle (in which I always suspect some fallacy) and then as much deduction as you please.
Стр. 111 - The true grounds of decision are considerations of policy and of social advantage, and it is vain to suppose that solutions can be attained merely by logic and the general propositions of law which nobody disputes. Propositions as to public policy rarely are unanimously accepted, and still more rarely, if ever, are capable of unanswerable proof. They require a special training to enable any one even to form an intelligent opinion about them.
Стр. 35 - The folkways, therefore, are not creations of human purpose and wit. They are like products of natural force which men unconsciously set in operation, or they are like the instinctive ways of animals which are developed out of experience, which reach a final form of maximum adaptation to an interest, which are handed down by tradition and admit of no exception or variation, yet change to meet new conditions, still within the same limited methods, and without rational reflection or purpose.
Стр. 34 - The operation by which folkways are produced consists in the frequent repetition of petty acts, often by great numbers acting in concert or, at least, acting in the same way when face to face with the same need.
Стр. 6 - Evolution is an integration of matter and concomitant dissipation of motion; during which the matter passes from an indefinite, incoherent homogeneity to a definite, coke-rent heterogeneity ; and during which the retained motion undergoes a parallel transformation.
Стр. 19 - If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.
Стр. 60 - If asked why they act in a certain way in certain cases, primitive people always answer that it is because they and their ancestors always have done so. A sanction also arises from ghost fear. The ghosts of ancestors would be angry if the living should change the ancient folkways.
Стр. 144 - The sound student of sociology can hold out to mankind, as individuals or as a race, only one hope of better and happier living. That hope lies in an enhancement of the industrial virtues and of the moral forces which thence arise.
Стр. 122 - Those who govern, having much business on their hands, do not generally like to take the trouble of considering and carrying into execution new projects. The best public measures are therefore seldom adopted from previous wisdom, but forced by the occasion.