Societal Evolution: A Study of the Evolutionary Basis of the Science of SocietyMacmillan, 1915 - Всего страниц: 338 |
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Стр. 2
... both a cheering evidence of the success of scientific method and a tool capable of effective use in further discovery . Natural scientists mean something definite and actual when they use the Darwinian terms 2 SOCIETAL EVOLUTION.
... both a cheering evidence of the success of scientific method and a tool capable of effective use in further discovery . Natural scientists mean something definite and actual when they use the Darwinian terms 2 SOCIETAL EVOLUTION.
Стр. 15
... effective substitutes exist to fill the places of the absent factors . The trajectory of a projectile is still a parabola , whether the motive force be air , gas , muscular reaction , or torsion . 66 * This adjective will be frequently ...
... effective substitutes exist to fill the places of the absent factors . The trajectory of a projectile is still a parabola , whether the motive force be air , gas , muscular reaction , or torsion . 66 * This adjective will be frequently ...
Стр. 21
... effective and really more powerful than those of back and legs " and so are fit criteria for natural selec- tion . But for the present purpose there is more to be gained by passing over the slight observable physical adaptations in man ...
... effective and really more powerful than those of back and legs " and so are fit criteria for natural selec- tion . But for the present purpose there is more to be gained by passing over the slight observable physical adaptations in man ...
Стр. 23
... form of limitation on numbers which shall slow up their increase toward the limit whither they tend . The peculiar effectiveness of man's adaptation may be seen in the clauses which must be added THE HUMAN TYPE OF EVOLUTION 23.
... form of limitation on numbers which shall slow up their increase toward the limit whither they tend . The peculiar effectiveness of man's adaptation may be seen in the clauses which must be added THE HUMAN TYPE OF EVOLUTION 23.
Стр. 25
... the taboo pro- scribes or prescribes so many different kinds of sex - unions that one almost comes to discount altogether the element of personal choice among them . And the taboo is effective , backed as THE HUMAN TYPE OF EVOLUTION 25.
... the taboo pro- scribes or prescribes so many different kinds of sex - unions that one almost comes to discount altogether the element of personal choice among them . And the taboo is effective , backed as THE HUMAN TYPE OF EVOLUTION 25.
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acculturation adaptation advance altered animal artificialized environment become biogenetic law biologically fit Challenge of Facts character characteristic civilization classes colony conflict convention counterselection course Darwin Darwinian degree E. A. Ross economic effective elements Eskimo Essays ethnocentrism eugenics evolutionary example factors field folkways forces frontier society Galton habitudes Hence heredity Hindu-Arabic Numerals human idea illustration imitation inculcation individual industrial interests isolation labor land laws leprosy less life-conditions maintenance-mores marriage matter means ment mental mind mode natural environment natural selection phenomena political population present primitive race rational selection reactions realization reason religion rest sanction savage science of society scientific scientist secondary societal forms secure seen sense societal evolution societal selection societal self-maintenance Sociology sort stage standard of living struggle for existence Sumner tion tradition transmission urban code variation whole
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Стр. 5 - I find that my mind is so fixed by the inductive method that I cannot appreciate deductive reasoning: I must begin with a good body of facts and not from a principle (in which I always suspect some fallacy) and then as much deduction as you please.
Стр. 111 - The true grounds of decision are considerations of policy and of social advantage, and it is vain to suppose that solutions can be attained merely by logic and the general propositions of law which nobody disputes. Propositions as to public policy rarely are unanimously accepted, and still more rarely, if ever, are capable of unanswerable proof. They require a special training to enable any one even to form an intelligent opinion about them.
Стр. 35 - The folkways, therefore, are not creations of human purpose and wit. They are like products of natural force which men unconsciously set in operation, or they are like the instinctive ways of animals which are developed out of experience, which reach a final form of maximum adaptation to an interest, which are handed down by tradition and admit of no exception or variation, yet change to meet new conditions, still within the same limited methods, and without rational reflection or purpose.
Стр. 34 - The operation by which folkways are produced consists in the frequent repetition of petty acts, often by great numbers acting in concert or, at least, acting in the same way when face to face with the same need.
Стр. 6 - Evolution is an integration of matter and concomitant dissipation of motion; during which the matter passes from an indefinite, incoherent homogeneity to a definite, coke-rent heterogeneity ; and during which the retained motion undergoes a parallel transformation.
Стр. 19 - If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.
Стр. 60 - If asked why they act in a certain way in certain cases, primitive people always answer that it is because they and their ancestors always have done so. A sanction also arises from ghost fear. The ghosts of ancestors would be angry if the living should change the ancient folkways.
Стр. 144 - The sound student of sociology can hold out to mankind, as individuals or as a race, only one hope of better and happier living. That hope lies in an enhancement of the industrial virtues and of the moral forces which thence arise.
Стр. 122 - Those who govern, having much business on their hands, do not generally like to take the trouble of considering and carrying into execution new projects. The best public measures are therefore seldom adopted from previous wisdom, but forced by the occasion.