Societal Evolution: A Study of the Evolutionary Basis of the Science of SocietyMacmillan, 1915 - Всего страниц: 338 |
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Стр. vi
... nature of these evolutionary factors as displayed in their societal mode . The outcome of this study takes form in a simple , and in 1 Cf. pp . 14-16 below . ― many ways obvious arrangement of well - known facts ; vi PREFACE.
... nature of these evolutionary factors as displayed in their societal mode . The outcome of this study takes form in a simple , and in 1 Cf. pp . 14-16 below . ― many ways obvious arrangement of well - known facts ; vi PREFACE.
Стр. vii
... facts ; but because the results reached have been of use to me and to my students , in get- ting and keeping our bearings for the study of the science of society , I publish them , at length , in the hope that some others may derive ...
... facts ; but because the results reached have been of use to me and to my students , in get- ting and keeping our bearings for the study of the science of society , I publish them , at length , in the hope that some others may derive ...
Стр. viii
... fact that an ex- positor generally gains by using his own illus- trations . Much is left , in this book , to the reader and the teacher . I have received much and pointed criticism as I have gone on . For a number of years I have ...
... fact that an ex- positor generally gains by using his own illus- trations . Much is left , in this book , to the reader and the teacher . I have received much and pointed criticism as I have gone on . For a number of years I have ...
Стр. 3
... fact is that the doctrine of evolution has so held the interest , hostile or devoted , of the world , that its in- fluence , or at least its terminology , has pene- trated into regions quite remote from those in which Darwin labored ...
... fact is that the doctrine of evolution has so held the interest , hostile or devoted , of the world , that its in- fluence , or at least its terminology , has pene- trated into regions quite remote from those in which Darwin labored ...
Стр. 5
... be there , and to be solid , where experimentation is , where verification is more positive , sub- stantial , and unescapable , where it is a matter of observable , objective fact rather than of the balancing INTRODUCTION 5.
... be there , and to be solid , where experimentation is , where verification is more positive , sub- stantial , and unescapable , where it is a matter of observable , objective fact rather than of the balancing INTRODUCTION 5.
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acculturation adaptation advance altered animal artificialized environment become biogenetic law biologically fit Challenge of Facts character characteristic civilization classes colony conflict convention counterselection course Darwin Darwinian degree E. A. Ross economic effective elements Eskimo Essays ethnocentrism eugenics evolutionary example factors field folkways forces frontier society Galton habitudes Hence heredity Hindu-Arabic Numerals human idea illustration imitation inculcation individual industrial interests isolation labor land laws leprosy less life-conditions maintenance-mores marriage matter means ment mental mind mode natural environment natural selection phenomena political population present primitive race rational selection reactions realization reason religion rest sanction savage science of society scientific scientist secondary societal forms secure seen sense societal evolution societal selection societal self-maintenance Sociology sort stage standard of living struggle for existence Sumner tion tradition transmission urban code variation whole
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Стр. 5 - I find that my mind is so fixed by the inductive method that I cannot appreciate deductive reasoning: I must begin with a good body of facts and not from a principle (in which I always suspect some fallacy) and then as much deduction as you please.
Стр. 111 - The true grounds of decision are considerations of policy and of social advantage, and it is vain to suppose that solutions can be attained merely by logic and the general propositions of law which nobody disputes. Propositions as to public policy rarely are unanimously accepted, and still more rarely, if ever, are capable of unanswerable proof. They require a special training to enable any one even to form an intelligent opinion about them.
Стр. 35 - The folkways, therefore, are not creations of human purpose and wit. They are like products of natural force which men unconsciously set in operation, or they are like the instinctive ways of animals which are developed out of experience, which reach a final form of maximum adaptation to an interest, which are handed down by tradition and admit of no exception or variation, yet change to meet new conditions, still within the same limited methods, and without rational reflection or purpose.
Стр. 34 - The operation by which folkways are produced consists in the frequent repetition of petty acts, often by great numbers acting in concert or, at least, acting in the same way when face to face with the same need.
Стр. 6 - Evolution is an integration of matter and concomitant dissipation of motion; during which the matter passes from an indefinite, incoherent homogeneity to a definite, coke-rent heterogeneity ; and during which the retained motion undergoes a parallel transformation.
Стр. 19 - If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.
Стр. 60 - If asked why they act in a certain way in certain cases, primitive people always answer that it is because they and their ancestors always have done so. A sanction also arises from ghost fear. The ghosts of ancestors would be angry if the living should change the ancient folkways.
Стр. 144 - The sound student of sociology can hold out to mankind, as individuals or as a race, only one hope of better and happier living. That hope lies in an enhancement of the industrial virtues and of the moral forces which thence arise.
Стр. 122 - Those who govern, having much business on their hands, do not generally like to take the trouble of considering and carrying into execution new projects. The best public measures are therefore seldom adopted from previous wisdom, but forced by the occasion.