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Coining declared treason, [4 Hen. V. st. 2, c. 6].

The native Irish forbidden to hold any benefice in their own country, [4 Hen. V. c.

6].

The duke of Britanny agrees to a truce for fifteen years, Nov. 16.

A.D. 1418. The king holds his court at Caen, early in the year, and confiscates the lands of those who do not return by a given time; vast estates are thus bestowed on the duke of Clarence and others.

The duke of Gloucester overruns the Cotentin.

Pontoise and other towns submit to the duke of Burgundy.

The duke of Orleans, the rival of Burgundy, had been captured at Agincourt, but his party (styled the Armagnacs, from Bernard, count of Armagnac, his fatherin-law,) held possession of Paris for a time. They attempted to curb the turbulent citizens, who with arms in their hands set at nought all authority, when the latter called in the Burgundians; the Armagnacs attempted to expel them, were defeated, and were butchered in thousands; the dauphin was obliged to withdraw to Melun, and the duke of Burgundy seized on the government.

The king makes further conquests in Normandy; he besieges Rouen, in July; Domfront, Cherbourg, and other places are captured.

Sir John Oldcastle is captured in Wales, brought to London and burnt, Dec. f

It is alleged that such, coming to parliament, will bring with them attendants, who will betray "the secrets of the English."

He was brought before the parliament, when he denied their jurisdiction over him, affirming that King Richard was still alive, and in Scotland; on which he was condemned without further hearing

A.D. 1419. The king holds his court at Rouen, as duke of Normandy, and receives the homage of the nobles.

He has several conferences at Meulan, on the Seine, in July, with the queen of France, who brings her daughter “Madame Katherine," and the duke of Burgundy, but they separate after a time without any agreement.

The duke of Burgundy is assassinated at a conference with the dauphin, at Montereau, August 12; his son (Philip the Good) at once joins the English.

A truce is concluded between the king and the inhabitants of Paris and other towns which adhere to the Burgundians, and steps are taken to bring the dauphin to punishment.

The dauphin throws himself into Compeigne, and repulses a force of English and Burgundians.

The people of Paris put themselves under the English government.

The king keeps his Christmas at Rouen, and arranges terms of peace with the duke of Burgundy.

A.D. 1420. A treaty is concluded at Troyes, May 21, for the marriage of Henry to the princess Katherine, and his reception as king of France de facto.

Henry marries the princess Katherine at Troyes, June 2, and keeps his Christmas in Paris.

The town had surrendered, January 19. Henry built a palace there, which existed until the time of the first French revolution, and was for a while the residence of the exiled James II. It stood near the west end of the quay, had a moat and drawbridge, and was flanked by five round towers.

Charles and his queen were to retain their titles, but Henry was to have possession of the kingdom, although he was only to be styled heir during Charles's lifetime; but as early as May 6, 1420, Henry styled himself "Hæres et Regens Regni Franciæ."

A.D. 1421. The king holds a parliament at Rouen, in January, which decrees a new coinage; he also there receives homage from his English lords for lands granted to them in France.

The king comes to England with his queen; she is crowned at Westminster, Feb. 24.

The duke of Clarence is defeated and killed at Beauge, in Anjou, by the Scottish auxiliaries of the dauphin, Mar. 22.

The king engages the earl of Douglas and other Scottish nobles in his service k.

A statute passed concerning offences committed by scholars of Oxford', [9 Hen. V. c. 8].

The king raises fresh troops, and returns to France, landing at Calais June 11; he captures Dreux, but is obliged to quit the siege of Orleans through want of provisions, and passes the Christmas in Paris.

A.D. 1422. The king besieges Meaux, which surrenders after a desperate resistance, June 5.

He falls ill at Corbeuil, in July, is removed to the Bois de Vincennes, and dies there, Aug. 31 m.

i Agreeably to the treaty of Troyes, the coins bore the inscription "Heres Franciæ."

The captive king of Scotland gave his consent in the hope of obtaining his liberation, and himself served with them as a volunteer ; a base advantage was taken of this by Henry, and any of the Scots who were captured were treated as traitors.

It is stated that many clerks and scholars of Oxford, "armed and arrayed in manner of war," have put people out of possession of their lands and tenements in Oxford, Berks, and Bucks; have with dogs and greyhounds hunted in parks, forests, and warrens, and threatened the keepers; and have taken clerks convict of felony out of the hands of their ordinaries, and set them at liberty; if they do not surrender, they are to be outlawed, and also expelled from the University.

The king's corpse was removed to St. Denys, where a solemn service was performed, Sept. 15; it was then carried with much pomp to England, a hundred torches being borne before the funeral car, and was deposited at Westminster, near the shrine of St. Edward the Confessor.

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HENRY, the only son of Henry V. and Katherine of France, was born at Windsor, December 6, 1421. When less than nine months old he succeeded his father, (Sept. 1, 1422,) and was proclaimed king both in England and in France, the government being administered by his uncles, the dukes of Bedford and Gloucester, and the bishop of Winchester, and his own education entrusted to the earl of Warwick ", who from his proficiency in every knightly art was styled "the father of courtesy," but who did not succeed in imparting any portion of his own warlike spirit and worldly wisdom to his royal pupil.

The events of Henry's reign were most important, but he had apparently very little share in directing them. In his youth he was under the tutelage of his

"Richard, son of Thomas Beauchamp, condemned to death in the time of Richard II. (see vol. i. p. 415). He was long captain of Calais, received the office of regent of France in 1437, and died at Rouen in 1439. Richard Neville derived from him his title of earl of Warwick, having married his daughter Anne.

uncles, who quarreled among themselves, and thus sacrificed his father's acquisitions; when advanced to manhood, he was as completely guided by his ambitious, intriguing wife and her favourite ministers, Suffolk and Somerset P; their conduct occasioned bitter discontent,

• William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, grandson of the favourite of Richard II., was born in 1396. His brother Michael was killed at Agincourt,and his father died at the siege of Harfleur;

he himself served in France, and was taken prisoner at Jergeaux, but recovered his liberty, was admitted to the king's council, and received a grant of the reversion of the earldom of Pembroke, in case the duke of Gloucester, who then possessed it, died childless. He was afterwards employed to negotiate a peace with the French, and he was also a chief instrument in bringing about the king's marriage with Margaret of Anjou. He now became in effect prime minister, was created marquis, and soon after duke of Suffolk, received the offices of grand steward, chamberlain, and admiral, and the wardship of Margaret Beaufort, the king's cousin. He was, however, exceedingly unpopular, being suspected of treacherously surrendering the English possessions in France, and also of being concerned in the death of the duke of Gloucester. At length he was impeached by the Commons, and committed to the Tower; he was soon after banished, but was beheaded at sea, by order of the constable of the Tower, (John Holland, duke of Exeter,) in May, 1450. His son John, born in 1443, married Elizabeth, the sister of Edward IV.

Arms of de la Pole, earl
of Suffolk.

P Edmund Beaufort was the grandson of John of Gaunt. Like his brother John he was made prisoner at Beauge, but afterwards distinguished himself in the French wars.

He defended Rouen, and captured Harfleur and Montreuil; relieved Calais when besieged, and also ravaged Britanny. He received in succession the titles of earl of Moretain and Perche, earl and marquis of Dorset, and duke of Somerset, and in 1444 was appointed regent of Normandy, in succession to the duke of York. He acted feebly in this capacity, and surrendered Caen, almost without resistance, by which the province was lost. He returned

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Somerset.

to England, and, in spite of the popular dis- Arms of Beaufort, duke of content, on the death of the duke of Suffolk

he succeeded to his place in the favour of the queen. The duke of

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