Arms of Richard III.

Badges of Richard III.

Arms of Howard, duke of Norfolk
with the Flodden augmentation

Badges of the Tudors

Henry VII. and Elizabeth of York, from their Monument,

Westminster Abbey

Arms and Badge of Henry VII.

Henry VIII., from his Great Seal
Arms of Henry VIII.

Howard, duke of Norfolk

Badges of Katherine of Arragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, and Katherine Parr

Page

52

55

56

58

60

62

64

71

72

73

76

84

91

92

95

ib.

100

103

ib.

108

111

115

134

ib.

138

141

Badge of Edward VI.

Philip and Mary, from their Great Seal

Arms of Mary before her Marriage

Badges of Mary

Tomb of Sir Thomas Pope, in Trinity College Chapel
Arms of Trinity College, Oxford

St. John's College, Oxford
Elizabeth, from her Great Seal .
Arms of Dudley, earl of Leicester

Elizabeth

Badges of Elizabeth

Arms of Radcliff, earl of Sussex

Jesus College, Oxford

Devereux, earl of Essex

Badges of the Stuarts

James I., from his Great Seal

Arms of James I.

National Flag of Great Britain

Arms of Wadham College.
The Baronets' Badge

352

244

245

246

249

254

257

258

276

282

312

325

329

ib.

348 351

Page

155

179

193

200

201

202

ib.

ib.

205

221

225

ib.

HE Lancastrian princes, who were three in number, and ruled for above sixty years, were without hereditary right to the crown, and possessed it only by virtue of a parliamentary settlement, which set aside a formal declaration of Richard II. in favour of Roger Mortimer, earl of Marcha, and which had been assented to by the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in the face of a claim made in the name of his son by John of Gaunt, and supported by the production of what were considered forged documents. Some years later, when the unhappy king was a prisoner in his hands, Henry of Lancaster again brought his rejected claim forward; but not choosing to trust to it alone, he mixed it up with complaints of Richard's misgovernment, and even some mention of conquest",

a See vol. i. p. 409.

b See his claim, as appearing on the Rolls of Parliament, vol. i. p. 418 of this work.

and was declared king on no intelligible principle, by his triumphant faction. Some years later he obtained a parliamentary recognition, [7 Hen. IV. c. 2,] in which the unquestionable right of the Mortimers is passed over in silence; and he transmitted the crown to his son, whose warlike achievements promised to give him a second kingdom in France; but these expectations were frustrated by his premature death.

Both these princes were able men, well fitted to preserve their acquisitions; their successor was of a totally different character, and his weakness proved the ruin of his House. His ambitious uncles struggled for power during his long minority, and so neglected foreign affairs, that the French were enabled not only to recover their recent lost provinces, but also to regain others which had long been in the hands of the English, and the few that remained were alienated on the king's mar

The Lancastrian "claim by blood" is shewn in the annexed table. HENRY III.