sea as free from ice as any part of the Atlantic. In 1756, several captains worked to 83° north, and declared that towards the pole there was no impediment to their progress thither. The same occurred to Captain Boyd in 1762. Captain Wheatley reported that in 1766, when at 81 1-2° north, there was no ice visible, and there could have been none to the north-east, for there was a very heavy sea rolling down from that quarter which, had ice been present there, must have been brought down upon him by the wind and waves. He likewise added that, while off the coast of Greenland, three Dutch captains assured him that a ship of that nation had reached 89° north about that time. Captain Bisbrown in 1765, after being beset by ice during three weeks to the southward, reached 83° 40', and saw the sea entirely open to the north. This corroborates Pennant's relation in every particular. All the before-mentioned mariners believed in the perfect practicableness of sailing to the pole, but were prevented making the attempt by the apprehension of their crews. In 1769 Captain John Thew was at 82° north latitude and 150 west longitude, far to the north-west (say fifteen degrees) of that bugbear of an eternal ice barrier. In 1773, Captain Clarke, at 81 1-2° north, saw an open sea to the northward, although there was a heavy gale blowing and a heavy sea running from the north-east. This account is confirmed by Captains Reed and Robinson, who were as far north as he was at that time. sels to attain that latitude, and that he had cognizance of ships sailing north round about Spitzbergen, returning south between that island and Nova Zembla. Professor Allamand, of Leyden, Holland, F.R.S., wrote in 1774 to Hon. Daines Barrington, that Captain John Walig, of the Helder, North Holland, in a letter to his owners, the brothers Van Staphorsts, announced that another Dutch captain, Cornelis Gillis, circumnavigating north about the furthest Spitzbergen groups without meeting ice, discovered high land one hundred geographical miles to the east of North Eastland, never before seen. Van Keulen has designated this discovery in his map of Spitzbergen, and Barrington admits that the "skilful and experienced Gillis" sailed round these islands. This "high land" may have been a portion of the island Maloy Brun or Berum but it is laid down upon Engel's chart several degrees to the northward of it. The before-mentioned Captain Walig had all Gillis' original drafts or charts of his discoveries in his possession, and lent them to Captain May, of the Dutch service, who transmitted a synopsis of what he had learned from the Dutch whale fishermen to Professor Allamand. A Russian who wintered about 1775 on Spitzbergen, using Captain Gillis' map as a partial guide, transnavigated the Spitzbergen group by a new channel not traversed or reported by any other mariner. Seven years previous, 1700, Jan Clas Castricum, a Dutchman, in company with Captain Witge Jelles, of Hamburg, fished with success and met but little ice, in 81° 40'. About 1760, a Dutch captain, Hans Der-Two other English ships, likewise in comrick, in company with five other ships, was at 86° north, and saw only some small pieces of floating ice. Harris, in his Voyages, volume ii., page 453, states, as a fact he believed, that by the Dutch journals they (the Dutch) get into 88° 56′ north latitude, and the sea open. pany, left him, and went on to 83°, and returned, not because they met ice but because they found no whales. In 1730–42, at a time when most of the masters of English ships, fitted out for the Greenland fishery, were Dutchmen, one Captain Krickkrack sailed, without impediment from the ice, more than 2°, at least to 83° 30′ north of the Seven Islands. In 1665 the states-general of Holland had ships' logs laid before them which corroborated the above; likewise the Journal des One hundred years ago it was a common Scavans for October, 1774. The latter re-thing for the whale fishermen to pursue their marks that the Dutch could add many other adventurous calling several degrees to the instances of their countrymen's having north of Spitzbergen. 800 to 80 1-2° was reached such high northern latitudes. called the "fishing latitude." Captain Fisher M. de Buffon states in his "Natural His-testified that there was no reason to suppose tory" that he was told by persons of credit, there was any permanent ice to the north or among them Dr. Nathan Hickman, F.R.S., that they supposed that Captain Munson's journal, showing that he reached 88° north, might still have been procured in England in 1730. A Dutchman present confirmed the account to M. de Buffon. In 1775, Captain John Hall witnessed that he had known Dutch ships sail to 84° north, although the ice will not often permit ves west of Spitzbergen as far as the pole; that from the middle of May to the middle of July the weather is mild, fine, and clear, with favorable breezes, and the pole could be attained unless rocks or land, not ice, intervened, and that north of Spitzbergen there is less ice, and what detached ice is there is not so liable to set fast as that met with to the south of 80° north. Captains Ford and Dale, often at 81° north, concur in this opinion. In 1776, Captain Marshall wrote to Hon. Daines Barrington that he had been informed that the Dutch had sailed as far as 83° 30′ that is, half a degree further than Parry attained over the ice, with all the assistance which the British government could afford him-and Stephens wrote to Dr. Maskelyne, astronomer royal, that in 1774, in the month of May, in company with a Dutch ship, he was driven north by a south south-east wind, to 84 1-2°; that there the cold was not excessive; that his crew wore ordinary clothing; that he met with little ice, less the further they went to the northward; that a north wind brought clear, and that a south wind damp, cold, and thick, weather. The Dutchman lost his ship by running against a large detached piece of ice, while Stephens returned in safety. Many other examples might be cited, but they would occupy too much space. Sufficient instances have been noted to satisfy even the sceptical. In 1746, 1751-2, 1754, 1756, 1759, 1763, 1765-6, 1769, 1771, and 1773 the sea north of Spitzbergen was open so as to afford opportunities of reaching the pole, which proves, what has been asserted in these papers, that such chances do often occur, and that to reach the pole all that is requisite is to be up north at the nick of time, so as to be able to take advantage of them. ANCHOR. MR. DAVID WYRICK, of this city, who has | If so, what has become of the lost race?-Newrecently been pushing his investigations respect-ark (0.) North American, July 5. ing our ancient works with more thoroughness than heretofore, and has made new surveys, A NEW EMIGRATION.-We find in Le Nord traced new lines and made many new discoveries an account of a most remarkable migration now found on Friday last, in one of the little circles or sink holes connected with the larger works, a very curious and interesting relic. Mr. Squier, in his antiquities of New York, says that these sink holes, which are uniformly connected with our ancient works, usually contain human bones; and Mr. Wyrick went out on the Cherry Valley plateau in order to learn, by a careful examination, whether the same thing was true of these sink holes in Ohio. He found no bones, but he was satisfied that the excavation was filled by it, and he found beside a beautiful granite ball, highly polished and of a reddish color, and also a very curious tapering stone five or six inches long, the four sides nearly alike, and on each, in neat Hebrew characters, brief inscriptions, which seem to be characteristic of the old Hebrews, and give new vitality to the old theory that these works are in some way connected with the lost tribes. The inscriptions have been examined carefully by our best Hebrew scholars, and material other than that which was taken from translated as follows: Bdr Ieue-The Word of the Lord. Kdsh Kdshim-The Holy of Holies. Thurth leue-The Law of the Lord. Mlk Artz-The King of the Earth. Our readers will remember that some weeks ago we described a stone whistle taken from a large burial mound. The stone here referred to seems to be of the same general character. It is neatly polished, and the Hebrew characters are very distinctly engraved, neat and orderly. It is a treasure of no ordinary interest, and may possibly unravel the mystery which has so long hung over these interesting remains. Can it be possible that these works are of Hebrew origin? going on from the Russian to the Turkish possessions. It shows that the nomadic instincts of the old Scythian race are not yet lost. The whole Tartar population of the Crimea, men, women, and children, three hundred thousand Strong, are leaving that fertile peninsula for the rigors and hardships of a life in Asia Minor. The Russian government offers no opposition. Its experience in the Crimean war was sufficient to show that the Tartars never would make good Russian subjects, and in times of danger would always be a cause of weakness rather than of strength. Whole villages rallied to the enemy, serving as entertainers, spies, guides, and at Eupatoria as light troops. These little treasons were pardoned by the treaty of Paris, but the fact was not forgotten by the Russian or by the Tartar. A project was started to remove them to a central portion of the empire, but Alexander has too strong a sense of justice to exile a whole race to what to them would prove a sort of Siberia or Botany Bay, The war, however, roused the national spirit of the Tartars, and the hope which was raised by it of reunion to a race kindred to them in blood, language, and religion, they have at length determined to realize at any cost. The example of the Tcherkesses raised by Turkish emissaries, decided them to in the Caucasus, and the artificial excitement make a general movement this spring, and they have put no seed in the ground. The Russian government consoles itself with the idea that the will attract German emigrants, who are far more extraordinary fertility of the soil of the Crimea valuable to the state, and under whose industry the peninsula may regain its fame of the granary of the East.-Tribune. From The Eclectic. princess, again by Dawe, who seems to have CLAREMONT, AND THE PRINCESS CHAR- basked in the sunshine of court patronage. The present happiness and promised joy, Which filled the imperial isles so full, it seemed to cloy." -CHILDE HAROLD. Canto iv. It is more than twenty years ago that we accompanied an invalid mother one fine autumn by leisurely stages to the Isle of Wight. Our first halt was at the neat country inn of the Bear at Esher, fifteen miles from town; and while one of us remained with my dear mother in the quaint little inn parlor, the others proceeded up a by-road to the left of the inn, bounded by mossy park palings, and overhung by fine trees, till we reached a lodge-gate, surmounted by the royal arms. At the mention of a talismanic name, "the gates wide open flew," though not on golden hinges turning, and we proceeded up a carriage road, winding through undulating turf cropped by sheep, till we came to the house, It is a substantial, light-brick mansion. with stone dressings, and a Grecian portico surmounted by the royal arms. A flight of about twenty steps led us to the entrancedoor, where we soon obtained audience of the housekeeper, who took us over the firstfloor, which comprises a square entrancehall, grand staircase, and eight spacious apartments en suite. After duly admiring a fine cast of the Warwick vase in iron, lined with copper, executed at Berlin, which occupies the centre of the hall, we entered the library, which contained full-length portraits, by Dawe, of the Princess Charlotte and Prince Leopold; also portraits of the princess' preceptor, Dr. Fisher, Bishop of Salisbury, and her subpreceptor, Dr. Short. "On this chair," said the housekeeper, with a little sigh, "the princess laid her shawl the evening she returned from her last walk-and her watch on that chimney-piece. She was tired, and sat down directly she came in." We listened with reverence; then followed her into the dining-room, where there was a fine cattle-piece, by Loutherberg, over the chimney-piece. Next we came to the gallery, fifty-eight feet by twenty-four, where were full-length portraits of the prince and There were also many other portraits, including those of George III. and Queen Charlotte, copied by Lawrence from Sir Joshua Reynolds; the princess' maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Brunswick; the keen, caustic Frederick the Great, of Prussia, etc. Also several cabinet pictures, by the old masters; none of them sufficiently interesting to retain a permanent place in the memory. One of them the princess had herself bought at an old shop in Oxford Street. Various busts, a statuette or two, and one or two bronzes. In one of the windows, I now forget which-either of this gallery or the drawing-room-a pretty polished table, formed of the pebbles collected at the sea-side by the princess in her childhood, imbedded in cement. Next came the breakfast-room, communicating with the room in which the princess died, and which, for twenty years afterwards, was locked up. In this breakfast-room, if I remember right, the prince slept when the princess was confined; and here he afterwards slept when he became king of the Belgians, during his yearly visits to Claremont. Adjoining it are a small dressingroom and bath-room. Lastly, we came to the drawing-room, stored with ornaments and curiosities of all descriptions, including two Indian cabinets presented to the princess by the Marquis of Hastings; and a superb porcelain table, adorned with highly finished paintings of the interior of the Louvre, and presented to the prince by Charles X. Here we were pleased to renew our acquaintance with Sir William Beechey's charming portrait of the Duchess of Kent, sitting on a sofa, dressed in slight mourning, with her infant daughter, the little Victoria, playing with the Duke of Kent's miniature, hanging round the widowed duchess' neck. The housekeeper remarked that those of the household who could remember the Princess Charlotte, thought the Princess Victoria somewhat resembled her, especially in her quickness and decision. Her royal highness was very fond of coming to Claremont, where King Leopold wished her to feel quite its mistress; and once, when with the intention of doing her honor, new chairs, etc., were substituted for the old ones in the drawing-room, she exclaimed that she liked the old ones the best, and begged they might be restored to their places. All this, scanty as it was, interested us in our future queen, who became our queen in reality the following year; but being as yet only the expectancy and rose of the fair state, I must say we dwelt less on her than on the memory of one whose early promise, misfortunes, short-lived happiness, and premature death, had already consecrated the sleepy shades of Claremont; and as we returned through the park, after visiting the gardens, we dropped into silence, during which I called up all the scattered anecdotes of her that my memory supplied. I have often wondered that no little manual has ever appeared, simple and short enough to preserve her name among us. She was born on the 7th of January, 1796; and the separation of her parents occurring soon afterwards, she was left in charge of her mother, the Princess of Wales, who took up her abode at Montague House, Blackheath. In a short time; however, the little princess was removed from her mother's care, and placed with Lady Elgin in a neighboring residence; only visiting the Princess of Wales once a week. Meantime, her education was carefully conducted. Hannah More, writing in 1799 from Fulham Palace, says; "I have been rather royal lately; on Monday I spent the morning at the Pavilion at Hampton Court, with the Duchess of Gloucester; and yesterday I passed the morning with little Princess Charlotte at Carlton House. She is the most sensible and genteel little creature you would wish to see. I saw Carlton House and gardens in company with the pretty princess, who had great delight in opening the drawers, uncovering the furniture, curtains, lustres, etc., to show me. My visit was to Lady Elgin, who has been spending some days here. For the Bishop of London's entertainment and mine, the princess was made to exhibit all her learning and accomplishments; the first consisted in her repeating The Little Busy Bee,' the next in dancing very gracefully, and singing God save the King,' which was really affecting (all things considered) from her little voice. Her understanding is so forward that they really might begin to teach her many things. It is, perhaps, the highest praise after all to say, that she is exactly like the child of a private gentleman, wild and natural, but sensible, lively, and civil." She delighted the Bishop of London (who told her that when she went to Southend, she would be in his diocese,) by dropping on her knees, and asking his blessing. Probably the bad terms on which her royal parents were living had caused her removal to Carlton House; but she used still to visit the Princess of Wales at Blackheath, and as she drove along the Kent-road, stood at the carriage window kissing her pretty hand to passers-by, her beautiful fair hair falling in long, heavy curls over her shoulders. One day my grandmother, who had frequently thus noticed her, observed, to her surprise, that she wore a dark crop wig, surmounted by a white turban, with a red rose in it! On mentioning this strange circumstance to a lady who had friends at court, the latter replied, "Ah, I think I can explain it. The Prince of Wales lately asked Lady Elgin why the child's hair was allowed to grow in that frightful manner, on which she replied that it was by the Princess of Wales' order. The prince sent for scissors, and, without another word, cut the princess' hair off himself, so close that her head was rubbed with spirits to prevent her taking cold; and, doubtless, the first wig that could be procured was made use of." However that might be, my grandmother saw for herself, when the wig was left off, that the hair beginning to grow was notched across the forehead, as if by an unskilful cutter. Unhappy the child of parents at variance! Of course, the Princess Charlotte was soon old enough to know "the state of parties;' for children are, in general, precociously observant of such matters, and she was a clever child. Unable to decide the demerits of the case, her heart instinctively clung to her mother, who, wayward and flighty beyond belief, had a certain gay good-humor that probably attracted children. The Princess of Wales was not likely to attach her daughter to Queen Charlotte, by whom she was herself treated very coldly. In May, 1807, she claimed to be received at court, which was reluctantly granted; but the queen gave no token of being pleased to see her. On this occasion the prince and princess met for the last time in their lives, and in the very centre of the apartment-the observed of all observers. They bowed, paused a moment or two, exchanged a few words heard by no one else, and then passed on; he, cold and stately, she, half-mirthful, half-melancholy, as though she rejoiced she was there in spite of him, and yet regretted that her visit was not under happier auspices." Three years afterwards, Queen Charlotte sent the Princess of Wales an elegant aigrette on her birthday. The Princess Charlotte, with more levity than respect, observed that it was "pretty well, considering who sent it!" which was doubtless received with a hearty laugh. The poor old queen's popularity had long been on the wane; she was most unjustly considered stingy, though it appeared, after her death, that she had privately given large sums of money to her sons; and her strong sense of propriety was equally unpalatable to the Prince and Princess of Wales. I remember hearing that on one occasion, when every one had, in obedience to etiquette. finished their tea at the same time with the queen, except the Prin 271 cess Charlotte, who remained chatting and and which she then inserted in the newssipping from her cup, an attendant presented papers; remonstrating, among other things, himself with a salver, and respectfully said, against the restrictions now placed on her "Your royal highness, her majesty has intercourse with her daughter. The princefinished," on which she laughingly replied, regent, incensed at the publicity thus given "If the queen's throat is paved, mine is not," to the letter, refused to allow any meeting at and retained her cup. The story went on to all, for a while, between the princesses. The relate that the queen took no notice of the Duchess of Leeds was appointed to succeed slight at the time, but, the next morning, Lady DeClifford as governess, much to the sent for the princess, and remonstrated with dissatisfaction of the Princess Charlotte, who her on her conduct, adding, "The king's said she thought she was old enough now to days can now be but few; and, should an un- dispense with a governess. But though an timely end unhappily await your father, you Order in Council might prevent the mother would be queen of England. In that event, and daughter from meeting under one roof, I should pay to you the same respect that it could not prevent chance interviews in the you now owe to me," which so much touched open air, when their carriages met. On one the princess that she shed tears. Serpentine River, leaned from their carriageof these occasions, they drew up near the windows, and eagerly kissed one another, greatly to the interest of sympathizing spectators. Another anecdote was, that the Princess Charlotte, on asking one of the ladies placed about her who would be the proper person to present her at court, was answered, "the Duchess of York," which made her so indignant at the implied slight to her mother, that she threw a cup of tea into the speaker's face. For this she was taken to task by her preceptor, Bishop Fisher, who said, "I fear your royal highness did not remember my recommendation to overcome these hasty bursts of temper, by mentally repeating the Lord's Prayer." membered it, but I really was too much pro"Oh, yes," said she, "I revoked to do it." England as the Princess Charlotte's suitor. In 1814, the Prince of Orange came to The prince-regent had the marriage much at heart, and more than one interview with the princess was accorded him. But he failed to obtain her good graces, which some say were already bespoken for Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg by the Duchess of Oldensee her mother, continually exchanged letters burg. As the princess, though forbidden to She early gave traits, indeed, of self-will, correspondence influenced her rejection of with her, the prince-regent, believing this caprice, and obstinacy; but also of kindness, the Prince of Orange, prohibited its continugenerosity, and a love of truth, candor, and ance, and even, it is said, examined the conrectitude. "Her skin is white," wrote Lady tents of her writing-desk. Satisfied that she Charlotte Campbell, "but not a transparent was still too much under her mother's influwhite; there is little or no shade in her face, ence, he quietly took measures for her rebut her features are very fine. Their ex-moval from Warwick House to the dull pression, like that of her general demeanor, seclusion of Cranbourne Lodge, in Windsor is noble. Her feet are rather small, and her Forest. Accordingly, on the 16th of July, hands and arms are finely moulded. She 1814, he repaired to Warwick House, achas a hesitation in her speech, amounting almost to a stammer; her voice is flexible, and her tones dulcet, except when she laughs.' For the greater part of this description I can vouch. I perfectly remember seeing her, coming out of the chapel-royal one Sunday, dressed in a green satin pelisse, walking very fast-holding the bishop, her preceptor, not by the arm, but by the hand-and bobbing, rather than bowing, her head to the rows of people between whom she passed. She looked very white, and very cross, as if she had heard something unpleasant in the sermon. Poor young princess! she was very unhappy. At that time she was living in the dismal seclusion of Warwick House, behind Piccadilly. The Princess of Wales had publicly appealed to the prince in a letter which he had twice privately sent back unopened, companied by the new ladies-in-waiting formed her that her late attendants were dis- begged that she might leave the room for a |