7. I agree that the rebel who rose against the government should have suffered; but I missed on the scaffold the right honorable gentleman. Two desperate parties were in arms against the constitution. The right honorable gentleman belonged to one of those parties, and deserved death. I could not join the rebel, --I could not join the government. I was therefore absent from a scene where I could not be active without self-reproach, nor indifferent with safety.

8. Many honorable gentlemen thought differently from me: I respect their opinions; but I keep my own; and I think now, as I thought then, that the treason of the minister against the liberties of the people was infinitely worse than the rebellion of the people against the minister.

9. I have returned, not, as the right honorable member has said, to raise another storm, I have returned to discharge an honorable debt of gratitude to my country, that conferred a great reward for past services, which, I am proud to say, was not greater than my desert. I have returned to protect that constitution, of which I was the parent and the founder, from the assassination of such men as the honorable gentleman and his unworthy associates. They are corrupt, they are seditious, and they, at this very moment, are in a conspiracy against their country!

10. I have returned to refute a libel, as false as it is malicious, given to the public under the appellation of a report of the committee of the Lords. Here I stand for impeachment or trial: I dare accusation. I defy the honorable gentleman; I defy the government; I defy their whole phalanx: let them come forth! I tell the ministers I shall neither give them quarter nor take it. I am here to lay the shattered remains of my constitution on the floor of this House, in defense of the liberties of my country.

28.

BRYANT.

For the sound of long o before r in FORGED, HOARSE, &c., see §§ 11, See in Index, ELD, BRYANT.

Delivery. Sentiments of tenderness, indignation, reverence, are all to be conveyed in the delivery of this fine poem. The tone should be in the middle pitch, quality orotund, time medium, and the force occasionally loud, especially in the utterance of the recurring monosyllable no. The poem must be felt before it can be properly read.

I.

O COUNTRY, marvel of the earth!
O realm to sudden greatness grown!
The
age that gloried in thy birth,

Shall it behold thee overthrown?
Shall traitors lay that blessing low?
No, land of Hope and Blessing, No!

II.

And we, who wear thy glorious name,
Shall we, like cravens, stand apart,
When those whom thou hast trusted aim
The death-blow at thy generous heart?
Forth goes the battle-cry, and lo!
Hosts rise in harness, shouting No!

III.

And they who founded, in our land,
The power that rules from sea to sea,
Bled they in vain, or vainly planned
To leave their country great and free?
Their sleeping ashes, from below,
Send up the thrilling murmur, No!

IV.

Knit they the gentle ties which long

These sister States were proud to wear,
And forged the kindly links so strong
For idle hands in sport to tear?
For scornful hands aside to throw ?
No, by our fathers' memory, No!

V.

Our humming marts, our iron ways,

Our wind-tossed woods on mountain-crest,
The hoarse Atlantic with its bays,

The calm, broad ocean of the West,

And Mississippi's torrent-flow,

And loud Niagara, answer, No!

VI.

Not yet the hour is nigh when they
Who deep in Eld's dim twilight sit,
Earth's ancient kings, shall rise and say,
"Proud country, welcome to the pit!
So soon art thou, like us, brought low?"
No, sullen group of shadows, No!

VII.

For now, behold, the Arm that gave
The victory in our fathers' day,
Strong, as of old, to guard and save

That mighty Arm which none can stay, –
On clouds above and fields below,

Writes, in Men's sight, the answer, No!

XXIV.

THE MORALS OF TRADE.

HERBERT SPENCER.

Pronounce CHIVALRY, shiv'al-ry, PURIFIED, pure'-ri-fied (not pu'rified), MERCANTILE, mer'can-til (not mer-can-teel'), VE'HEMENCE, VOLUNTARILY (the a short; see §§ 11, 28).

See in Index, EXAGGERATE, PROTEST, QUALM, SPENCER.

Delivery. See remarks § 49. The style of this piece is for the most part calmly argumentative; though in paragraph 6, something of the warmth of indignation ought to be conveyed by the tone.

1. THAT which we condemn as the chief cause of commercial dishonesty is the indiscriminate admiration.

of wealth,

an admiration that has little or no reference to the character of the possessor. When, as very generally happens, the external signs are reverenced, where they signify no internal worthiness, where they cover internal unworthiness, the feeling become vicious.

-

nay, even then does

2. It is this idolatry which worships the symbol apart from the thing symbolized, that is the root of many of the evils of trade. So long as men pay homage to those social benefactors who have grown rich honestly, they give a wholesome stimulus to industry; but when they accord a share of their homage to those social malefactors who have grown rich dishonestly, then do they foster corruption, then do they become accomplices in all these frauds of commerce.

3. As for a remedy, it manifestly follows that there is none save a purified public opinion. When that abhorrence which society now shows to direct theft, is shown to theft of all degrees of indirectness; then will these mercantile vices disappear.

4. When not only the trader who adulterates or gives short measure, but also the merchant who overtrades, the bank-director who countenances an exaggerated report, and the railway-director who repudiates his guarantee, come to be regarded as of the same genus as the pickpocket, and are treated with like disdain, then will the morals of trade become what they should be.

5. We have little hope, however, that any such higher tone of public opinion will shortly be reached. Throughout the civilized world, especially in England, and above all in America, social activity is almost wholly expended in material development. Something, however, may even now be done by vigorous protest against adoration of mere success. And it is important that it should be done; considering how this vicious sentiment is being fostered.

6. When we have one of our leading moralists preaching with increased vehemence the doctrine of sanctification by force; when we are told, that while a selfishness, troubled with qualms of conscience, is contemptible, a selfislmess intense enough to trample down everything in the unscrupulous pursuit of its ends is worthy of all admiration; when we find that if it be sufficiently great, power, no matter of what kind, or how directed, is held up for our reverence,— we may fear lest the prevalent applause of mere success, together with the commercial vices which it stimulates, should be increased rather than diminished.

7. Not at all by this hero-worship grown into bruteworship, is society to be made better; but by exactly the opposite, — - by a stern criticism of the means through which success has been achieved; and by according honor to the higher and less selfish modes of activity. And happily the signs of this more moral public opinion are already showing themselves.

8. It is becoming a tacitly received doctrine, that the rich should not, as in bygone times, spend their lives in personal gratification, but should devote them to the general welfare. Year by year is the improvement of the people occupying a larger share of the attention of the wealthier classes. Year by year are they voluntarily devoting more and more energy to furthering the material and mental progress of the masses.

9. And those among the wealthy who do not join in the discharge of these high functions, are beginning to be looked upon with more or less contempt by their own order. This latest and most hopeful fact in human history this new and better chivalry - promises to evolve a higher standard of honor; and so to ameliorate many evils.

10. When wealth, obtained by illegitimate means,

* Mr. Thomas Carlyle of England.