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for mothers with the school clinic and the nursery school into a centre of mothercraft and child welfare might prove an experiment full of possibilities for the future of social and educational work. In the directorship of such an institution or rather group of activitiesthe nursery school teacher of some experience, who had added to her qualifications some more specialized knowledge of (for example) mothercraft and nursing, should find a wider field of work closely related to her past experience. The Report clearly indicates that nursery schools as thus planned will involve considerable expenditure, but the Association think that the social and educational value of these new educational centres for young boys and girls will be an edequate recom

pense.

COMING EVENTS.

Lectures dealing with Public Health Problems under War and After-War Conditions are being given on each Wednesday in June, at 4 p.m., at the Royal Institute of Public Health, 37, Russell Square, W.C.1.

At the College of Ambulance, 3, Vere Street, Cavendish Square, W.1, on each Thursday in June, at 4.30 p.m., a lecture or demonstration will be given dealing with some subject connected with ambulance work and first aid.

At the Lord Mayor Treloar Cripples' Hospital, Alton, Hants, Founder's Day will be celebrated on Saturday, June 1.

A conference on "The Teaching of History" will be held at Birkbeck College on June 1, at 11 o'clock, Mr. Cyril Cobb, M.V.O., Chairman of the London Education Committee, being in the chair. It is expected that, amongst others, Prof. Pollard, of University College, Prof. Hearnshaw, of King's College, Col. John Buchan, and Sir Charles Lucas will take part.

The following lectures for prospective speakers in connection with the activities of Baby Week will be held during June, on Mondays at 5.30 p.m., at Dr. Williams's Library, 14, Gordon Square, W.C. June 3: "Civic Responsibility with regard to Child Welfare," by Dr. Harold Scurfield; June 10: "The Working-class Mother's Point of View," by Mrs. H. B. Irving; June 17: "Factors of Infant Mortality," by Dr. C. W. Saleeby. Particulars may be obtained on applica

tion to Miss Susan Musson, Secretary, National Baby Week Council, 27A, Cavendish Square, W.1.

The Annual Conference of the Association of Teachers of Domestic Subjects will be held in the Medical Hall of the University, Edmund Street (off Chamberlain Square), Birmingham, on Saturday, June 1, beginning at 11 a.m. The chair will be taken by Mrs. Cary Gilson, President of the Association.

A course of lectures on "The Science and Art of Mothercraft" is being given by Miss Kate C. Atherton, A.R.S.I., under the auspices of the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities, 3, Temple Gardens, E.C.4, at the Woolwich Polytechnic, on June 3, 10 and 17, at 3.30 p.m.

The remaining public lectures of the course on "Some Biological Problems of To-day" will be delivered at University College, Gower Street, London, W.C., on Mondays at 5 p.m., as follows: June 3 "The Anaerobic Treatment of Wounds," by R. C. McLean, D.Sc., Bacteriologist, Reading War Hospital; June 10: "Fresh Air and Efficiency," by H. R. Kenwood, C.M.G., M.B., D.P.H., Chadwick Professor of Hygiene.

Under the auspices of the Central Council for District Nursing in London a Conference on Maternity Nursing will be held in the Board Room of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, Embankment, E.C., on Tuesday, June 4, at 5 p.m., under the presidency of Sir William Collins, K.C.V.O., M.P., M.D.

The Annual General Meeting of the National Society of Day Nurseries, the central offices of which are at 4, Sydney Terrace, S. W.3, will be held at Chelsea House, Cadogan Place, S. W., on Wednesday, June 5, at 3.30 p.m.

Under the auspices of the London Parochial Charities Trust, 3, Temple Gardens, E.C.4, a course of lectures on "The Economics of the Infant Welfare Movement" is being given by Miss Nora Milnes, B.Sc., Lecturer in the Social Science Departments of the London School of Economics and King's College, at the Passmore Edwards's Settlement, Tavistock Place, W.C.1. The next lectures are on June 6 and 13, at 5.30 p.m.

The third Annual General Meeting of the College of Nursing will be held on Thursday, June 6, at 3 p.m., in the Rooms of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1, Wimpole Street, W.

The forty-fourth Annual Conference of the Association of Head Mistresses will be held at the North London Collegiate School, Sandall Road, N.W., on June 7 and 8.

The seventh Annual Meeting of the Duty and Discipline Movement, the central offices of which are at 117, Victoria Street, S. W.1, will be held at the Mansion House on Tuesday, June 11, at

3 p.m.

A course of lectures on "The Present and Future Positions of Crêches, Day Nurseries and Nursery Schools," will be given by Dr. W. J. Howarth, Medical Officer of Health of the City of London, in the Council Chamber, Denison House, Vauxhall Bridge Road, S. W.1, on June 11, 18 and 25, at 5.30 p.m. The lectures are being given under the direction of the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities, 3, Temple Gardens, E.C.4.

At the Mary Sumner House, 8, Dean's Yard, Westminster, S. W. 1, the following lectures on "Housing and Citizenship" will be delivered on Wednesdays, at 3 p.m. June 12: "The Village Home," by Mrs. Hamilton, of Findon Women's Village Council; June 19: "The Town Home," by Miss Jeffrey, of Pimlico Housing Association; June 26 and July 3: "Safeguarding of the Health of the Home," by Miss Margaret Malim, A. R. San. I., in two parts; July 10: "The Women's Vote and Citizens' Associations," by Mrs. Ogilvie Gordon, D.Sc., Ph.D., President of N.U.W.W.

The Annual Meeting of the National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church will be held at the Church House, Westminster, under the presidency of His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, on Friday, June 14, at 2.30 p.m.

A special address to London teachers on "American Schools and the War" will be delivered by Professor A. C. McLaughlin, of Chicago University, on Saturday, June 15, at 12 o'clock (noon), at the Kingsway Hall, Kingsway, W.C.2, and Mr. Cyril S. Cobb, Chairman of the Education Committee of the Council will preside. Others besides teachers can be admitted if accommodation is available. Applications for tickets should be made to the Education Officer, L.C.C. Edu

cation Offices, Victoria W.C.2, marked H. 4/5.

Embankment,

The National Council for Combating Venereal Diseases, the central offices of which are at 81, Avenue Chambers, Southampton Row, W.C.1, holds its Annual General Meeting in the Caxton Hall, Westminster, on Monday, June 17, at 5.30 p.m.

In connection with the celebrations of Baby Week an Educational Exhibition is being organized by the National Union of Women Workers' Child Welfare Exhibitions Committee on behalf of the National Baby Week Council, and will be open at the Central Hall, Westminster, S. W.1, from July 1 to 6. Dr. Truby King, C.M.G., has undertaken the section dealing with "Infant Physiology and Comparison with Baby Plants and Animals." Mrs. H. B. Irving and the St. Pancras School for Mothers are exhibiting a model Infant Welfare Centre relative to the care of the infant from one month to one year. Dr. Eric Pritchard and the St. Marylebone Health Society are giving instructions as to the feeding of infants up to twelve months old. The Midwives Institute has undertaken a section dealing with." The Expectant Mother, the Needs of the Confinement, and the Care of Mother and Baby during the first few weeks, including an Antenatal Clinic." The Association of Infant Welfare and Maternity Centres will demonstrate "Mothercraft as Taught at Infant Welfare Centres and Elementary Schools and to Infant Welfare Workers." Plans and model equipments for a Maternity Hostel, a Ward for Ailing Babies, and a Day Nursery will be shown; while Dr. Cameron, of Guy's Hospital, and others will help with the section which concerns "Diseases of Infancy."

On behalf of the National Baby Week Celebrations the Council of the National Association for the Prevention of Infant Mortality, the headquarters of which are at 4, Tavistock Square, W.C.1, will hold a Conference at the Central Hall, Westminster, on July 2 and 3, which will be opened by the Rt. Hon. W. Hayes Fisher, M.P. The following subjects will be discussed: Ante-natal and Neo-natal Factors in Infant Mortality," introduced by Dr. J. W. Ballantyne, of Edinburgh,

Prof. J. G. Adami, of Montreal, and Dr. Amand Routh; Chairman, Sir Arthur Newsholme, K.C.B., M.D. Institutional

v. Domiciliary Treatment of the Lying-in Mother," introduced by Lady Barrett, M.D.; Chairman, Sir Francis Champneys, M.D., President of the Central Midwives Board. "Mothers' Pensions," introduced by Dr. Harold Scurfield, M.O.H., Sheffield; Chairman, Mr. Harold Spender. There will also be a discussion on "What our Allies and Dominions are Doing to Save Infant Life," introduced by Dr. Raimondi, of Paris; Chairman, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid. During the late afternoons and evenings of July 2 and 3 a course of six lectures on Infant Care, intended mainly for elementary school teachers, will be delivered as follows: "The Influence of Heredity and Antenatal Environment on the Prospect of the Child," by Dr. C. W. Saleeby; "Food and Food Values in Relation to Motherhood and Infancy," by Dr. Eric Pritchard, M.A., Chairman of the Executive Committee, National Baby Week Council; "The Effect of the Psychological Atmosphere on the Child's Health and Activities," by Dr. Maurice Craig; "The Early Symptoms in Childhood of Serious Physical Defects in Later Life," by Dr. H. C. Cameron; and "Hygiene of Infancy," by Dr. Truby King. There will also be a practical demonstration on the teaching of Mothercraft to Schoolgirls by Miss Chatman, Head Mistress of the Page Green Girls' School, Tottenham.

The Glamorgan County Council have arranged for a Summer School to be held at Barry, under the direction of Mr. A. Sutcliffe, for educational handwork, art, Welsh, Nature Study, hygiene and physical training, plain needlework, art needlework, dressmaking, practical geography, gardening. The School will be held at the County Schools, Barry, from July 29 to August 24. In connection with the School a Camp for Women will be established in the grounds of the Training College, Barry, which is adjacent to the County Schools. This will enable a limited number of students to spend a month under canvas under pleasant and economical conditions. Particulars of camp, together with prospectus and application forms, may be obtained from the Chief Education Official, County Hall, Cardiff.

The University of Cambridge an

nounces a Summer Meeting to be held during the first fortnight of August, the main subject of study being "The United States of America." The American Ambassador, Mr. W. H. Page, will deliver the inaugural address on August 1. Further particulars and forms of entry may be obtained from the Rev. Dr. Cranage, Syndicate Buildings, Cambridge.

A Summer Vacation Course for Students and Teachers of French will be held at University College, London, from Friday, August 2, to Friday, August 16, inclusive. During the week beginning Saturday, August 17, supplementary courses for the more advanced study of methods of language teaching and of phonetics will be held. Particulars of all courses may be obtained by sending a stamped, addressed foolscap envelope to the Secretary, University College, Gower Street, London, W.C.1.

The fifth Conference of Modern Churchmen will be held at Girton College, Cambridge, from the afternoon of Monday, August 5, until the following Monday morning, August 12. The general subject will be" The Psychology of Religious Experience," and the Conference will be opened by a presidential address on the "Psychological Basis of Religion." The Conference will be open to members of the Churchmen's Union and to those who are in sympathy with its principles and objects. All particulars may be obtained from the Hon. Secretary, Miss Dora Nussey, Westfield, Ilkley.

The National Union of Welsh Societies are arranging for a Holiday School in Welsh Language, Literature, and History, and in "Method," to be held at Llanwrtyd Wells, August 12 to 24. All particulars may be obtained from Roland Thomas, M.A., Secretary and Director, Brecon.

A Summer School for Social Workers, under the auspices of the Civic and Moral Education League and the Eugenics Education Society, in co-operation with the National Council for Combating Venereal Diseases, is to be held at Oxford, August 19 to 31. The course will include the elements of biology, psychology and sociology, and special attention will be given to social problems. Particulars may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the School, Miss Constance Brown, II, Tavistock Square, London, W.C.1.

GREAT THOUGHTS ON CHILD LIFE.AND

CHILD WELFARE.

Under this heading are gathered quotations from the works of those who have formed ideals or dealt with actualities relating to child life and child welfare. It is hoped that many of our readers will assist in the compilation of this page by sending any helpful thoughts which they may have found of service in their own experience or discovered in the course of their general reading.

"There is no other course open to us but to fight it out. With our backs to the wall, and believing in the justice of our cause, each one of us must fight on to the end."'

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SIR DOUGLAS HAIG.

'But the child's sob in the silence curses deeper Than the strong man in his wrath."

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ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING.

wine to many a sick and weary traveller upon this broad Highway of life; a little word, and yet one which may come betwixt a man and temptation, covering him like a shield."'

JEFFERY FARNOL.

When you are young," pursued the Ancient, you eats well, an' enj’ys it, you sleeps well an' enjoys it-your legs is strong, your arms is strong, an' you bean't afeard o' nothin' nor nobody. Oh! life's a very fine thing when you're young; but youth's tur'ble quick a-goin'-the years roll slow at first, but gets quicker'n quicker, till, one day, you wakes to find you'm an old man; an' when you'm old, the way gets very 'ard, an' toilsome, an' lonely.' J. B. SELKIRK.

"I've dropped life's riddles every one,
That wind and warp the soul of us :
The children, dancing in the sun.
Are wiser than the whole of us.

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Home truly a sweet word, a comfortable word, the memory of which has been as oil and

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JEFFERY FARNOL.

'The pursuit of perfection, then, is the pursuit of sweetness and light. He who works for sweetness and light works to make reason and the will of God prevail. He who works for machinery, he who works for hatred, works only for confusion. Culture looks beyond machinery, culture hates hatred; culture has one great passion-the passion for sweetness and light. It has one even yet greater ! —the passion for making them prevail ; it knows that the sweetness and light of the few must be imperfect until the raw and unkindled masses of humanity are touched with sweetness and light."

MATTHEW ARNOLD.

"Here we are, face to face with the greatest catastrophe and the greatest opportunity in history. We have to plunge through catastrophe to oppor tunity. There is nothing to be done now in the whole world except to get the best out of this tremendous fusing up of all the settled things of life,"

H. G. WELLS.

"The stern hand of fate has scourged us to an elevation where we can see the great everlasting things that matter for a nation; the great peaks of honour we had forgotten - duty and patriotism, clad in glittering white; the great pinnacle of sacrifice pointing like a rugged finger to Heaven."'

DAVID LLOYD GEORGE.

THE CHILD.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO CHILD WELFARE.

No. 10.

JULY, 1918.

Vol. VIII.

CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES WITH REGARD TO
CHILD WELFARE.1

By HAROLD SCURFIELD, M.D.

Medical Officer for the City of Sheffield.

Every child a chance, and every family a home.”

THE War has brought us down to the realities of life and we realize as we never did before that the health and education of the children are the chief things that matter. Failure in caring for the young life is folly in a nation and a criminal offence against humanity. We want healthy babies born of healthy mothers in healthy homes. After they are born the parents must have sufficient means to maintain them, and the aid, when necessary, of an efficient medical service. These essentials are to be obtained partly by individual, partly by collective effort. Each citizen must clinch his individual effort by choosing legislators of the right stamp. Let us consider our aims in some detail, and how far the accomplishment of them depends upon the individual and how far upon the community.

The Provision of Healthy Parents.

We cannot select the sires and dams of our children as in breeding racehorses, but there are certain points upon which there is general agreement. The law ought not to allow mentally defective persons to marry and have children. We also realize the bad effects on the children of alcoholism in the parents. Everything should be done to encourage temperance. Here it may be said on the one side that the temperance cause has been hurt in the past by the intemperate language of its advocates. A little more tolerance is desirable. The man who likes a glass of beer with his

1 Substance of an address delivered in connection with the Baby Week Movement.

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