of real service. The book is one which we commend to mothers, teachers, supervisors, leaders in Girl Guide and similar movements, and all who privately and publicly seek to secure conditions making for the maintenance of healthy and happy girlhood and the evolution of an effective woman capable of playing her part aright as wife, mother, and citizen.

"The Little Girl's Bird Book." Edited by Flora Klickmann, including "What the Birds told Nesta." By Eleanor Tyrrell. Pp. 85, with numerous illustrations. London: The Office of the Girls' Own Paper and Woman's Magazine, 4, Bouverie Street, and 65, St. Paul's Churchyard. 1917. Price 1s. 9d. net.

The gifted Editor of the Girl's Own Paper and Woman's Magazine has introduced a valuable series of "Home Art" manuals and several excellent practical handbooks on sewing and knitting and crochet and the like for girls. The present work may be counted a member of the same happy family. It is a delightful gathering for children of word sketches in prose and verse and drawing of birdlife. It is just the dainty, picturesque gift-book which a little child will appreciate, and its lessons will produce impressions which are likely to be life-long. Many will want to thank Miss Flora Klickmann and her colleagues for this charming little volume.

"The Things of a Child." By M. E. Francis. Pp. xiii + 322. London: W. Collins, Sons and Co., Ltd., 48, Pall Mall. 1918. Price 6s. net.

In this delightful volume of reminiscences Mrs. Blundell has set forth some of the remembrances of early days, when the writer and her sister, Mrs. Egerton Castle, and other members of the family were all children together in the old Irish homestead. It is almost impossible for the adult to reproduce the exact thoughts and ways of the child mind, but Mrs. Blundell has achieved a fair measure of success in recalling and expressing the experiences of childhood's days. The records deal with difficulties in the nursery, adventures and enterprises of many and

varied kinds, experiences in the schoolroom, and numerous episodes in the daily life of children of the Victorian period. The book helps one to understand what advancement has been made in recent years in our understanding of the ways of little children. Mrs. Blundell in her foreword does well to remind us to adopt a proper attitude in approaching childhood: "For all who would enter the garden of a child's mind must, like Alice in Wonderland, make themselves small enough to enter by the enchanted door; must, like her, go back for the little key.'

Little Books of World History-" Before the Great War: Treaties Kept and Broken." Pp. 95. With illustrations.

Price 8d. "Four Dreamers of World Power.' Pp. 88. With illustrations. Price 8d. London: McDougall's Educational Company, Ltd., 8, Farringdon Avenue, E.C. 4. 1918.

These two members of the "Little Books of World History Series" provide school children with such glimpses into world history as will clear their vision for a rational understanding of the meaning of many events in British history. The first of these admirable History Readers reveals something of the stirring records of Napoleonic days, and the dark doings in the Franco-German War of 1870-71. The second is an interesting record of the aspirations and endeavours of Philip II, Louis XIV, Napoleon, and William II of Prussia. The manuals are excellently illustrated, and in each there is a good map.

"The World's Battle Fronts at a Glance: A Series of Thirty-two Reference Maps, illustrating all the Spheres of Fighting, with Notes." Pp. viii + 44. London: George Philip and Son, Ltd., 32, Fleet Street, E.C. 1918. Price 1s. 3d. net.

This is a little volume to keep in the pocket or readily accessible for reference, for it is just the companion which every newspaper reader and student of the War requires. It is the most complete, compact, comprehensive, and up-to-date collection of maps indicating the various centres of the world influenced by the

Great Conflict yet published, and it is issued at a price which brings it within reach of all. Every teacher should certainly possess a copy. We could wish that some generous patriot would present every British adolescent with a copy of this admirable atlas.

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"Toy-Making for all Seasons." Louie Jesse. Pp. 58. With 12 full-page coloured plates. Cardiff: The Educational Publishing Co., Ltd., 55-57, Penarth Road. 1917. Price 3s. 6d. net.

Miss Louie Jesse and her publishers are to be congratulated on the production of a volume which admirably meets the needs of the present times. It is an illustrated and thoroughly practical guide to simple, inexpensive, attractive, instructive toy-making. It will be invaluable to teachers in elementary schools, openair schools, centres for defectives, cripple institutions and the like. We commend the volume also to the attention of those who are desirous of finding recreational handicrafts for wounded and otherwise disabled soldiers and sailors. The plan and substance of the volume are worthy of unqualified commendation. The materials are grouped in sets one for each month of the year. Each set is provided with a coloured plate of toys to be constructed, a diagram giving shapes and sizes and helps to actual work, and the text provides explicit directions. We hope this suggestive and serviceable volume will be followed by others on the same or similar lines.

"A Path to Freedom in the School." By Norman MacMunn, B.A., late Assistant Master at King Edward VI School, Stratford-on-Avon. Pp. 162. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. 1914. Price 2s. net.

Mr. Norman MacMunn is one of a small number of educational enthusiasts and experimenters who are seeking for the principles on which natural education should advance. He strives to find adequate expression for the new spirit which would bring greater liberty into educational methods and allow the scholars a

measure of self-determination and selfdirection. Mr. MacMunn has contributed several highly suggestive works to pedagogical literature. In this book he exposes many of the errors and limitations of existing educational methods, and expounds a theory of child emancipation. The practical solutions presented certainly merit unprejudiced consideration. Special attention should be given to Mr. MacMunn's methods of differential partnership, which offer many advantages and seem to encourage initiative and discourage the perpetuation of mere perfunctory educational processes. The concluding section of the volume urges thé establishment of at least one self-governing school, proved to be possible at the Little Commonwealth in Dorsetshire.

now

Personal and public hygiene and the management of infancy and childhood rank among the essentials of a wisely ordered education. The days of purely academic acquirements are passing, and we are viewing life problems in standards of power, health, happiness and efficiency. There will be an increasing demand for such a book as Miss Curwen has prepared for teachers. Dr. Reid's foreword at once commands attention to the work, which is based on long and varied experience, and admirably meets the needs of students for a serviceable handbook. It is wonderful value for money, though the price is rather heavy for a teacher's purse. The material of the volume is grouped under five heads The Body, Food and Clothing, The House, Special Points, and Care of Infants. At the head of many of the chapters a list is given of the apparatus required to illustrate the subject under discussion, and at the close of certain of the chapters there is a serviceable

blackboard summary. The illustrations are numerous and well chosen, but teachers may perhaps be glad of more. The book is clearly printed and well gotup, and is effectively bound in strong cloth covers.

"The Young Man and His Vocation." By Franklin Stewart Harris, Ph.D., Professor of Agronomy and Director of the School of Agricultural Engineering and Mechanic Arts, Utah Agricultural College, and Director of Utah Agricultural Experimental Station. Pp. 204. Boston, U.S.A.: Richard G. Badger, 194, Boylston Street. 1916. Price $1.25 net.

This eminently helpful manual is primarily addressed to young men of the United States, but there is much that is equally applicable to Britishers eager to shape their life work on sound lines. In a series of clearly written informing chapters there are set forth the essential features of the chief vocations open to a youth of enterprise anxious to ensure individual success and desirous also of a participation in service which shall be to the general weal. Such a sensible advisory handbook should do something to stay the wastage in human powers through lack of aim, choice, adaptation, and application. At the best a man's life is brief, and only a fool can afford to blunder in the selection and direction of life's greatest joy and service-daily work. The book consists of two parts; the first furnishes information regarding the various vocations, and the second discusses the relation of a young man to his work. In plan, purpose, and accomplishment the volume is excellent. It is one of the excellent "Present Day Problem Series."

"Instinct in Man: A Contribution to the Psychology of Education." By James Drever, M. A., B.Sc., D. Phil., Lecturer on Education in the University of Edinburgh. Pp. x + 281. Cambridge: The University Press. 1917. Price 9s. net.

This work has developed out of a thesis submitted and approved for the Doctorate in Philosophy of the University of Edinburgh. It is a highly erudite, academic, but suggestive and serviceable contribution to certain educational aspects of

"instinct" in human mental development.. The work opens with a particularly

valuable historical résumé of views on "instinct" propounded by representative modern students of the subject. The author has been considerably influenced in his own views by Malebranche, whose "Recherche de la Vérité" has not been available in any English edition since 1700. Dr. Drever has not devoted much space to the old controversies of the eighteenth century and the still older doctrines regarding "vitalism" and the modern views of Jung, Freud and their disciples are left for elaboration in a further volume. Dr. Drever appears to adopt the Darwinian viewpoint at least asregards the psychology of instinct. He writes as though the theory of natural selection was generally approved as accounting for the evolution of instincts. The work is an able contribution to a subject full of intricacies and one likely to provide for long endless themes for controversy. The work closes with a valuable bibliography, and there is also. a serviceable index.

"The Dynamic of Manhood." By Luther H. Gulick, M.D. Pp. vii + 158. New York: Association Press, 347, Madison Avenue. 1918. Price 75 cents.

Dr. Luther Gulick is an expert not only in the origination, organization, and administration of measures making for the wise development of youth, but in lucid and serviceable exposition of principlesand practices which should govern all endeavours seeking to serve the citizensof the future. His latest book is one which will help adolescents on the threshold of manhood. It deals with the great human hungers for friendship, sex love, children, and God. The fundamentalsof these great guiding and governing desires are most effectively dealt with, and origins, aims, manifestations, meanings, and methods of expression and control are explained with directness and high purpose. This is a book which every worker among boys and young men should' possess. Dr. Gulick is a safe counsellor, for as a physician, an evolutionist, and a believer in spiritual values he views man: and his mission in the full light of scientific truth.

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St. Luke: With Introduction, Maps and Explanatory Notes, and Certain Critical Appendices, especially intended for the use of Schools and Theological Students." By Charles Knapp, D.D., Junior Chaplain of Merton College, Oxford. Pp. viii + 356, with frontispiece Map. London: Thomas Murby and Co., 6, Bouverie Street, E.C. 1917. Price 3s. net.

Dr. Knapp's commentaries in "Murby's New Scripture Manuals" meet a very real need. Several volumes are now available in both larger and smaller editions. They are admirably adapted to meet the requirements of students preparing for the Junior and Preliminary Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations, and for general service in schools and colleges. They will be appreciated by many Sunday school teachers and other adults anxious for assistance in the intelligent study of the New Testament. The scheme of these manuals has been carefully planned and carried through. Dr. Knapp is a devout and profound scholar, liberal in views, independent in thought, with wide vision and yet capable of simple, direct, lucid exposition. The publishers have produced the volumes in admirable form and have issued them at an exceptionally low price. Perhaps the best of the series is the volume which bears the name of St. Luke. The text of this Gospel is clearly set forth, and the notes are placed in the lower part of the page in double columns. A very valuable introduction is provided, which furnishes a most illuminating analysis of Christ's ethical attitude and teaching. A particularly lucid exposition is given of the whole synoptic problem, and references are made to the results of many of the most important of recent archæological and other inquiries. A "smaller" issue is now available (price 1s. 6d.), and admirably meets the requirements of junior school classes. We have also received a copy of Dr. Knapp's "Smaller' Scripture Manual of St. Matthew." This is arranged on the same lines, and only needs to be known to be approved and used (the price is 15. 6d.). In these days when religious education is being so much discussed it is well to note that the smaller series is adapted to the requirements of children, while the larger series is more suited to the needs of parents, teachers and senior students.

"Elements of Religion and Religious Teaching. By E. T. Campagnac, Professor of Education in the University of Liverpool. Pp. xi + 127. London: Č. F. Clay, Cambridge University Press. 1918. Price 3s. net.

This suggestive and inspiring little volume is apparently based on a short course of lectures delivered to teachers in training. The author is not only a distinguished University guide in matters educational, but he is a preacher, poet and philosopher, and deeply imbued with religious instincts and desires. Professor Campagnac realizes that if "reconstruction" now and after the War is to be anything better than a mere riveting together of broken things, we must strengthen the sense of obligation, the feeling of society, the consciousness of relationships. And to this end we must rediscover and restore to its just authority the directing power we designate religion. "By religion I mean belief in God, and the practices, the conduct, the mode of life which come from it-and by religious instruction I mean teaching which has for its object the nurturing of that belief, and the fostering of the practices, the conduct, the mode of life-whatever they may be which come from it." And Professor Campagnac insists that it is the duty of the teacher to nurture this belief, not to implant it. "It is natural to children to believe in God. They are ready to find Him everywhere, until misled by us, they learn to imagine that He may be imprisoned in a shrine, or His operation limited to special occasions." This little collection of discourses is the work of a seer. His vision and his call to a service based on a perception of essentials will encourage many seekers and teachers to a more faithful investigation of the foundations of religious belief and the purposes and expressions of the religious life.

work, in so far as it touches educational principles and practices, has aroused much discussion. The present volume is the outcome of a commencement address before the Harvard Summer School, and is dedicated "to the Fathers and Mothers of the United States." The author seeks to arouse parents to the necessity for a liberation of their children from tyrannical schooling. In much of his contention he is in agreement with Dottoressa Montessori. A few brief quotations will best indicate the purpose of this stimulating volume: "The purpose of the school and the college is not to create an intellectual aristocracy, but to educate, to bring out the individuality, the originality, the latent powers of talent and genius present in what we unfortunately regard as 'the average student.' . . . Awaken in early childhood the critical spirit of man; awaken, early in the child's life, love of knowledge, love of truth, of art and literature for their own sake, and

you

arouse man's genius. We have average mediocre students because we have mediocre teachers, department store superintendents, clerkly principals and deans with book-keepers' souls, because our schools and colleges deliberately aim at mediocrity." Dr. Sidis is bitter and pitiless in his attack on the professional educationists, and seeks to show that "at present the preliminary period of child education is unduly retarded to the detriment of the individual and society." The work will arouse discussion, and this is to the good, for all influences making for liberty of thought and freedom for experimentation in the educational world are to be welcomed.

education, infant training, school instruction, and higher forms of mental development. There are also suggestive chapters on industry and politics. The author in his conclusion quotes Aristotle's wellknown saying, "The State came into being in order that we might live; it persists in order that we may live the good life," and certainly his helpful monograph will assist many in their desire to establish the truth thus enshrined.

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Bugle Calls of Liberty: Our National Reader of Patriotism.' By Gertrude Van Duyn Southworth, author of Great Cities of the United States," &c., and Paul Mayo Paine, M.A., Librarian, Syracuse Public Library. Pp. ix + 179, with illustrations. Syracuse, N.Y.: The Iroquois Publishing Company, University Block. 1917. Price 60 cents.

Here is a book to kindle fires of true patriotism. It is intended primarily for American boys and girls. We commend it to the attention of preachers, teachers, and statesmen in Britain. It is dedicated ."to those who, on the field of battle, by service or by sacrifice, have answered the bugle call of 1917." The volume contains many of the great speeches which have aroused Americans in "the causes of liberty, freedom, justice, or world democracy." The historical settings are suitably presented and illustrated by poems and pictures. The reader contains Mr. Lloyd George's great speech of 1914, "Through Terror to Triumph"; Mr. Woodrow Wilson's President's Message of 1917; and Mr. Robert Lansing's pronouncement on "Democracy and Peace." The appendix contains the Constitution of the United States, "which went into effect March 4, 1789."

"Madame Curie (Sklodowska) and the Story of Radium." By Marion Cunningham, with a Foreword by Lady Muir-Mackenzie. Pp. x + 59, with portrait frontispiece. London: The Saint Catherine Press, Stamford Street, S. E. 1. 1917. Price 1s. net.

This sketch of the life of Marja Sklodowska, the daughter of Professor Sklodowski, of Warsaw, and widow of the late Professor Pierre Curie, of Paris, will