ADDITIONAL TROOPS-THEIR CHARACTER.

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commissioned as Major, with rank from Nov. 1, 1861, his command being his own company, nominally attached to the 1st regiment, commanded by Capt. Marschner, and Capt. Marx's company. By authority of General Fremont, Capt. Warren Stuart recruited a company. Four companies were raised in connection with the 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st regiments (Gen. McClernand's brigade), commanded by Captains Hutchens, Carmikel, O'Harnett, and Dollins. These companies, with Captain Stewart's, were subsequently formed into a battalion, and Captain Stewart commissioned as Major, to rank from Feb. 2, 1862, became its commander. Captain McNaughten raised a company under authority from General Fremont, designed to be attached to the 23d regiment, but after the battle of Lexington it was attached to a Missouri regiment known as "The Curtis' Horse." The "Kane County Cavalry," Captain Dodson, was raised for the 2d cavalry, but was ultimately attached to the 15th. Thus it is seen that before the close of 1861 Illinois had placed in the field, almost in spite of the Secretary of War, a small army of cavalry-brave horsemen, ready for active service.

It was soon seen that any number of men could be secured for the artillery service. It has its peculiar perils and hardships, but with all that it has strange fascination. Company A, Chicago Artillery, Capt. Smith (afterwards Willard), Capt. Houghtaling's Ottawa Artillery, and Capt. McCallister's, Plainfield, formed, as we have seen, part of the Cairo expedition under Brig.-Gen. Swift. They all remained in the service, being mustered first into the three months' and then into the three years' service. Also Co. B, Chicago Artillery, Capt. Taylor; Peoria Artillery, Capt. Davidson; Capt. Campbell's Ottawa battery, and Capt. Madison's battery were mustered in under the law of the special session of May, 1861.

Of these more will be heard as we thread the red-line of battles fought for the Republic. In them were such young men as seldom ever before stood by the recoiling piece, all begrimed with powder, amid the thunders of battle or of siege.

May, June and July brought the authorization of the following regiments of infantry, most of whom have since made a brilliant record: 23d, Col. Mulligan; 24th, Col. Hecker; 25th, Col. Coler; 33d, Col. Hovey; 34th, Col. Kirk; 35th, Col. Smith; 36th, Col. Greusel; 37th, Col. White; 39th, Col. Lighte; 40th, Col. Hicks;

41st, Col. Pugh; 42d, Col. Webb; 44th, Col. Knoblesdorf; 45th, Col. Smith; 47th, Col. Bryner; 52d, Col. Wilson; 55th, Col. Stuart. Under the authority of Secretary Cameron's letter of July 25th the the State reported the following infantry regiments: 26th, Col. Loomis; 27th, Col. Buford; 28th, Col. Johnson; 29th, Col. Reardon; 30th, Col. Foulke; 31st, Col. John Logan; 32d, Col. John A. Logan; 88th, Col. Carlin; 43d, Col. Raith; 46th, Col. Davis; 48th, Col. Haynie; 49th, Col. Morrison; 50th, Col. Bane. As has been seen, in response to an application of the Governor, made August 13th, all restriction upon infantry recruiting was removed, and the State was permitted to accept all that offered their services. The following regiments were authorized: 56th, Col. Kirkham; 61st, Col. Fry; 64th, Lt.-Col. Williams;* 65th, Col. Cameron; 51st, Col. Cummings; 53d, Col. Cushman;t 58th, Col. Lynch; 57th, Col. Baldwin; 54th, Col. Harris; 60th, Col. Toler; 62d, Col. True; 63d, Col. Wood.‡

In addition to the above, most of the companies for an additional regiment of artillery had been raised. On the 3d of December the authorities at Washington again became alarmed at the fore-cast shadow of too large an army, and issued the annexed order:

"HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE ARMY, Adjutant-GeneraL'S OFFICE, Washington, December 3, 1861.

"General Orders, No. 105.

“The following orders have been received from the Secretary of War: "I. No more regiments, batteries, or independent companies will be raised by the Governors of States, except upon the special requisition of the War Department. "Those now forming in the various States will be completed, under direction of the respective Governors thereof, unless it be deemed more advantageous to the service to assign the men already raised to regiments, batteries or independent companies now in the field, in order to fill up their organizations to the maximum standard prescribed by law.

"II. The recruiting service in the various States for the volunteer forces already in service, and for those that may hereafter be received, is placed under charge of general superintendents for those States, respectively, with general depots for the collection and instruction of recruits."

*Battalion of six companies known as Yates' Sharp-Shooters, +Including squadron of cavalry and battery of artillery. Known as the Kentucky Brigade,

Of course recruiting was suspended, but already the State had made a record. Pressing her claims to replenish the armies of the country upon a slow War Department over discouragements and rebuffs, she had sent to the field, not merely enlisted, more than 43,000 men besides the six months' regiments, and had, at the close of the year, in camps of instruction, 17,000 more. "During the month of December," says the Adjutant-General, "4160 more recruits were enlisted; all squads and parts of regiments were consolidated, and the 45th, 46th, 49th and 57th, were organized and mustered into service. The only incomplete regiments of infantry in the State, December 31st, were the 51st, Col. Cummings, at Camp Douglas; the 53d, Col. Cushman, at Ottawa; the 58th, Col. Lynch, at Camp Douglas; the 23d, Col. Mulligan, at Camp Douglas, reorganizing, and four regiments at Jonesboro', viz., 54th, 60th, 62d and 63d."

The people would have placed one hundred thousand men in the field between the surrender of Fort Sumter and the 31st of December, if the general government would have received them.

It is not claimed that Illinois was in advance of her sister states of the West in devotion to the country, but that she was their worthy compeer, yielding to none in patriotic regard and attesting her faith by her works, by the freely shed blood of her sons.

CHAPTER VII.

THE STATE AND THE ARMY.-61 TO 64.

THE NEW YEAR-THE SITUATION-SOBER VIEWS-THE "CAUSE" TO PERISH-CARPET KNIGHTS-AHEAD OF ALL CALLS OTHER REGIMENTS-TO FILL OLD REGIMENTSSPECIAL SERVICE-“ WASHINGTON IN DANGER"-A TIME OF GLOOM-TENDER-FOOTED COMMANDERS-THE INEVITABLE NEGRO-FREMONT AND HUNTER-WAR IN EARNEST-NEW CALL-GOVERNOR'S PROCLAMATION-LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT-THE OLD SCORE-NO DRAFT-A CREDIT DECLINED TWO YEARS' WORK-A SHOCK TO STATE PRIDE THE LEGISLATURE OF 1863-4-ITS RESPONSIBILITIES GOVERNOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS-NEGLECT OF GRAVE BUSINESS-A SUDden ProrogatION—“ PROFANE HISTORY "-A BETTER RECORD-GOVERNOR'S PROCLAMATION FEB. 5, 1864ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S REPORT OF FEB. 1, 1864.

E

[IGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THREE came, and peace was not restored, but seemed farther off than ever. Among the mountains of Virginia, along the Potomac, and the Southern seaboard, the bloody gage of battle had been tendered and accepted. In the West, the Cumberland, Tennessee and Mississippi rivers had been ablaze with camp fires, and their banks had echoed with the reverberations of musketry and artillery. The campaigns of 1861-2 had furnished enough of march, and battle, and incident to swell bulky octavos, but they were only introductory chapters to the real history. With the opening of the New Year the public mind began more clearly to understand that the Rebellion was a thing of gigantic dimensions, and almost infinite resources; that it could not be easily exhausted of men; that to starve it was not practicable; that it could command arms and munitions of war from neutral England; that the blockade could not yet prevent the exporting of cotton, and that a protracted and sanguinary war was upon the country. With this revelation there was the strengthened purpose to relax no effort, to spare no expenditure, to shun no sacrifice to maintain the perpetuity and integrity of the National Union, and to uphold the majesty

THE PEOPLE VS. CARPET KNIGHTS.

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of law. The temporary blockade of the Mississippi river had given the people a conception of the consequences to flow from its permanent occupancy by an unfriendly power. Steadily, too, was strengthening the public conviction that the war, commenced for the restoration of the Union, could only be made successful by the overthrow of its cause; that the real contest was between Freedom and Slavery; that after years of angry peace, they had entered the lists, sword in hand, visor down, with no master of ceremonies empowered to stay the combat, and that their strife was unto the death.

There had been, and at the opening of 1863 there still were, in the Union service, carpet knights, who acted as though their high commission was to keep watch lest slavery should receive damage in the fray, but the voice of an indignant people, and a gallant army, was demanding their displacement, and the employment of men sternly, terribly earnest in this work.

Illinois had, in 1861, placed at the service of the Government 15,000 more men than had been asked at her hands, and there was, at the beginning of January, 1862, but little prospect that others would be required, or, at the farthest, more than sufficient to keep full the decimated regiments already formed. But thousands were coming forward, demanding to be admitted to the honors and dangers of the war for the Union.

"In January the 32d regiment, Col. John Logan; the 45th, Col. John V. Smith; the 64th, Lt. Col. D. Williams, infantry, and the 10th cavalry, Col. J. A. Barrett, were ordered to the field. In February, the 46th, Col. John A. Doris; 49th, Col. Wm. R. Morrison; 57th, Col. Silas D. Baldwin; 58th, Col. Wm. F. Lynch, and 61st, Col. Jacob Fry, infantry; 5th cavalry, Col. Wilson; 9th cavalry, Col. Brackett, and 13th cavalry, Col. Bell, and seven splendid batteries of light artillery followed, commanded by Captains Sparstrow, Stienbeck, Keith, Rogers, Waterhouse, Silversparre and Bouton. The most of these troops reached the field in time to join our old regiments, and with them to participate in the battle of Ft. Donelson on the 15th and 16th of February."-Adjutant-General's Report.

On the 16th of February Ft. Donelson was surrendered to the Federal troops, and ten thousand prisoners of war sent to Camp Douglas, Chicago, and Camp Butler, Springfield. To guard those