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COL. CARLIN'S CHARGE.

347 but in the meantime on the right, Sheridan and Mitchell had repulsed an attack and pursued the rebels beyond Perryville. Upon the disastrous issue of this attack on the right, the attack upon the left was abandoned, and the rebels retired from the field. About sundown, the baffled foe made one last despairing attack upon Rousseau's division, but was repulsed by Loomis' battery, and our men lay upon their arms expecting a renewal of the attack the next morning. During the evening General Crittendon's corps came up, but no movement was made until noon of the next day, when it was found the enemy had retreated in the night. These are the general features of the Perryville battle. We now purpose more particularly to trace the share Illinois had in the combat.

During the afternoon, General Mitchell advanced his brigade in which were the 59th Illinois, Major J. C. Winters; 74th Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Keer; 75th Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Bennett; 21st Illinois, Colonel Alexander; 38th Illinois, Major Gilmer; 25th Illinois, Colonel McClelland, and the 35th Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler, and formed them in position, supporting Gen. Sheridan. Almost immediately on the formation of the line, the rebels advanced against Colonel Carlin's (38th Illinois) brigade, but retired under cover, at the advance of Colonel Carlin's skirmishers. Colonel Carlin was then ordered to advance rapidly to reinforce General Sheridan who was hard pressed. He pushed on through a skirt of timber to the open fields on the right, and upon ascending a hill, discovered the rebels advancing in strong force upon Sheridan's right. Colonel Carlin immediately formed his brigade, and on the double quick charged the advancing foe with such impetuosity that their columns were thrown into confusion and broken. The gallant Carlin completely pierced their center, and chased them for two miles, pressing them closely until they formed under the protection of two powerful batteries on a line of bluffs. Finding that in the impetuosity of his charge and the ardor of his pursuit, he had outstripped all support and isolated himself, he retired in safety before the enemy could recover from their confusion. In Colonel Carlin's advance, the 38th, his own regiment, overtook and captured an ammunition train and the train guard of one hundred and thirtyeight men and three officers. The 75th were fighting their first

battle and did their work like veterans, while the 59th added to the laurels they had already gained at Pea Ridge. General Mitchell in his report paid an especial tribute to Major Gilmer of the 38th, for the skill and activity he displayed in capturing the ammunition train, and to his aid de-camp Lieutenant Andrews of the 42d, for the able, gallant, and heroic manner in which he performed his duties. In his division, Surgeon Hazlet of the 59th, Lieutenant Johnson of the 58th, Lieutenant Blean and Lieutenant Eels of the 75th died gallantly in defence of the flag.

General McCook, in his report, honorably mentioned his orderlies, George Richardson, Avery Graham and George P. Jenniss, of the 34th, as behaving with coolness and bravery, and recommended their promotion.

In the 10th division of the 1st corps, the following Illinois regiments participated in the fight with great credit to themselves: 80th, Col. Allen, and 123d, Col. Monroe. The former lost eleven killed, thirty-two wounded, and thirteen missing; the latter, thirtyfive killed, one hundred and nineteen wounded and thirty-five missing.

In General Sheridan's division, Barnett's 2d Illinois battery did most excellent service, and, in conjunction with Hezcock's battery, drove the enemy's batteries from every position they took. Colonel Greusel, of the 36th, also behaved with great gallantry, leading his men at all times, and infusing them with a large share of his own coolness and bravery.

In General Rousseau's division, at a critical period of the fight, the old fighting 24th Illinois was ordered up to the support of a weak point, and went into action, deploying as skirmishers in a manner which won universal plaudits. They were repeatedly assailed by overwhelming numbers, but determinedly and firmly held their position. Lieut. William Quinton, of the 19th Illinois, detached for signal duty, was also conspicuous for his bravery, attending General Rousseau voluntarily-although not his place to do so-in the thickest of the fight. Major Winters of the 59th, was highly complimented for his bravery, and Lieut. West of the 39th, A. A. A. G. to Colonel Gooding of the 30th brigade, although wounded in five different places, refused to leave the field until entirely disabled. One

THE CLOSE OF THE CAMPAIGN.

349

hundred and fifty-three out of three hundred and twenty-five of the 59th, and two hundred and twenty-one out of seven hundred of the 75th were lost. In every changing phase of this severe and wellfought contest, Illinois soldiers proved their titles to the laurels they had won at Donelson, Shiloh, Pea Ridge and Corinth.

The remaining events of the campaign we shall trace briefly, to preserve the unity of the narrative, although no great battles were fought. It was expected that General Bragg would make his next stand at Camp Dick Robinson, a place which was defensible in front but easily flanked. Accordingly, General Crittenden was ordered to march to Dick River, as if about to attack in front, and Generals McCook and Gilbert to approach by different roads on the flank and compel Bragg to fight. The rebel general, however, penetrated the plan, owing to the retrograde movement of a division of General Crittenden's corps, and on the night of the 11th the evacuation commenced, the rebel army moving toward Cumberland Gap. There were two lines of retreat converging to that point-one by the way of Richmond and Big Hill, through Madison county, and the other, called the Crab Orchard road, by way of Mt. Vernon and Barboursville, the two roads converging at Pitman's Junction, fiftyeight miles from the Gap. On the night of the 12th, Genera. Buell ordered an advance from Danville, and at 1 o'clock the army was in motion towards Stanford. The advance arrived in time to see the rear of the rebel rear-guard pass out of the town unmolested. Having checked the advance of our army, and gained time for the main body of the rebel army, they retired toward Crab Orchard. On the morning of the 14th, our army was again on the march and soon reached Crab Orchard. The Confederate rear guard again halted and kept up a skirmish with our forces, during which time the rebel army was retreating unmolested. Our advance the next day reached Mt. Vernon, Cook's and Gilbert's corps remaining at Crab Orchard, and the cavalry ordered to the rear in consequence of the difficulty of procuring forage. The Confederate forces rapidly retired and escaped into East Tennessee, laden with the rich spoils they had gathered in Kentucky, and Buell fell back to the line between Louisville and Nashville, where he was superseded in his command by General Rosecrans.

CHAPTER XIX.

GEN. BUELL SUPERSEDED BY GEN. ROSECRANS-REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY-THE MARCH ON MURFREESBORO THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER-THREE DAYS' FIGHTING PLAN AND DETAILS OF THE BATTLE-THE 89TH ILLINOIS FIGHTING AGAINST FATEGALLANTRY OF GEN. KIRK'S OLD REGIMENT-WOUNDING OF GEN. KIRK-THE REBEL ATTACK ON OUR LEFT-GEN. NEGLEY COMES UP-ILLINOIS TO THE RESCUE-" WHO WILL SAVE THE LEFT?" "THE 19TH ILLINOIS, SIR"-MAGNIFICENT AND DARING CHARGE OF THE 19TH-COMPLETE ROUT OF THE REBEL RIGHT-CAPTURE OF A BATTERY-THE CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE BATTERY-CASUALTIES, &c.

|ENERAL ROSECRANS assumed command of the army of the

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centrated at Bowling Green and Glasgow, one hundred and thirteen miles distant from Louisville, whence they moved to Nashville, the advance reaching that place November 7th. From that date until December 26th, the time was occupied in completing the clothing of the army, providing ammunition, and replenishing the depot with necessary supplies and in sufficient amount to ensure against delay or interruption, caused by any breakage of the Louisville & Nashville road, to guard against which, a strong force was posted at Gallatin. The rebels had expected that Rosecrans was going into winter quarters at Nashville, and consequently prepared their winter quarters at Murfreesboro, and sent a large force into West Tennessee to annoy General Grant's communications, and another into Kentucky to break up the railroad. The absence of these forces gave Rosecrans an opportunity for an advance, which he determined to improve without delay. The situation was as follows: Polk's and Kirby Smith's forces at Murfreesboro, Hardee's on the Shelbyville and Nolinsville turnpike, while our troops were in front of Nashville on the Franklin, Nolinsville and Murfreesboro turnpike.

PLAN OF THE BATTLE.

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The movement began on the 26th of December. McCook after severe skirmishing gained possession of Nolinsville. Thomas followed on the right and Crittenden advanced to Lavergne. On the 28th, McCook moved to Triune, and Crittenden to Stewart's Creek. Negley's division joined Crittenden, and Rousseau occupied Nolinsville. On the 29th, McCook moved to Wilkinson's Cross Roads, six miles from Murfreesboro. Crittenden and Negley crossed Stewart's Creek to advance upon Murfreesboro. Rousseau remained at Stewart's Creek for his trains to come up. General Palmer led the advance of Crittenden's corps, and about three o'clock in the afternoon sent a message that he was in sight of Murfreesboro, and that the enemy were running. General Crittenden was therefore ordered forward to occupy Murfreesboro, but on moving up, found Breckinridge's main forces on his front, and at dark fell back.

On the morning of the 30th, Rousseau with two brigades was ordered down from Stewart's Creek and took his position in the rear of Palmer's right. McCook moved forward from Wilkinson's Cross Roads and joined Thomas. At nine o'clock that night, the corps commanders met at head-quarters and planned the battle of Stone River. McCook was to occupy the most advantageous position, refusing his right as much as possible and receive the attack; Thomas and Palmer to gain the enemy's center and left, as far as the river; Crittenden to cross Van Cleve's division and advance on Breckinridge; Woods division to move by brigades on Van Cleve's right, and carry everything before them into Murfreesboro. This would give two divisions against one, and as soon as Breckinridge was dislodged, Wood's batteries, taking position east of Stone River, would dislodge the enemy from their works and allow Palmer's division to press hem back, while Thomas, sustaining the movement on the center, would advance on Palmer's right, crushing the rebel right. Crittenden's corps advancing would take Murfreesboro, and then moving westward get on their flank and rear and drive them into the country towards Salem, with a good prospect of destroying their army. This combination while it gave us a vast superiority on our left, required for its full success that McCook should hold his position for three hours.

At daylight on the morning of the 31st, the troops stood by their

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