Evidently a rare plant of northern Idaho or some neighboring region, which as late as 1873, according to Gray, had been collected only by Nuttall and by Burke; in the Botany of the California State Survey, he wrongly referred here a certain shrub of the Sierra Nevada which had been collected by myself.

Var. gnaphalodes. Bigelovia graveolens var. hololeuca. A. Gray, 1. c. (1873)? Very tall, often 5 feet high, the whole shrub, even to the involucre, white with woolly tomentum; bracts often 4 in each vertical rank, margins not ciliate throat of corolla claviform, the teeth only a fourth its length corolla-tube not hairy.

Common in the deserts of middle and southern Nevada, from Pyramid Lake, Mrs. Curran, to Esmerelda Co., Mr. Shockley. The type of Gray's var. hololeuca was from Owen's valley, within the borders of California; but to this was assigned a cobwebby hairy corolla tube, just the character of var. albicaulis, perhaps by mistake.

Var.(?) latisquameus. Bigelovia graveolens, var. latisquamea, A. Gray, 1. c. Tall, white-tomentose as to stem and foliage, but involucre less so: leaves fewer and shorter than in other forms, the inflorescence fastigiate, more open inner bracts broad, thin, very obtuse: throat of the corolla shorter and broader, the teeth very short: pappus permanently white.

Southern New Mexico, near the old copper mines, Bigelow, Henry, and the present writer. Probably a distinct species.

Var. (?) Arizonicus. Tall and very stout, rather sparingly leafy, very white and tomentose: leaves 1 or 2 inches long, narrowly linear outer tracts of involucre tomentose, acute, the inner obtuse: very slender corolla tube with a few clavellate spreading hairs; throat campanulate-funnelform, hardly more than a fourth as long as the tube and cleft rather deeply.

Santa Rita Mountains, southern Arizona, Brandegee. Perhaps on the strong characters of the corolla alone this should be admitted to specific rank.

Var. (?)

Plattensis. Low and merely suffrutescent; seldom a foot high, very leafy, the long narrowly linear whitetomentose leaves spreading or recurved involucral bracts about 3 in each vertical rank, acute, glabrous except that the margins are rather densely woolly-ciliate: tube of corolla somewhat pubescent; throat elongated, rather deeply cleft.

Plentiful on alkaline plains of the Platte and elsewhere along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains; associated with C. graveolens, but very distinct from that, flowering earlier; referable to C. speciosus unless a distinct species. This will probably be the Chondrophora nauseosa of Britton Mem. Torr. Club. v. 317.

14. C. Californicus. Bigelovia graveolens, var. albicaulis A. Gray, Bot. Calif. i. 317 (1876) as to the Californian plant, but not as to the description, nor of Proc. Am. Acad. (1873). Stout and rather low, seldom 2 feet high; flowering branches densely white-tomentose, the foliage also usually so; heads mostly in a somewhat ample terminal pyramidal panicle : leaves numerous, spatulate-linear or narrowly oblanceolate, 2 inches long or more, acutish; carinate by a rather strong and prominent midvein: heads large, often 7 or 8 lines high; involucre and the pedicels distinctly glandular-puberulent, often also tomentulose; bracts about 3 in each vertical rank, all acute: corolla 5 lines long, the slender sparsely short-hairy tube not as long as the subcylindric rather deeply cleft throat; filiform style-appendages scarcely longer than the stigmatic part: achenes with a dense but short appressed pubescence; pappus dull-white, hardly scabrous.

Common in the higher Sierra Nevada of Placer and Nevada Counties, California, and very distinct from all forms of C. speciosus by its low stout habit, broad leaves, glandular involucres, etc. It is solely on the strength of a glabrate-leaved state of this that "Bigelovia graveolens var. glabrata” has been credited to California.

Var. occidentalis. More slender and taller; stems less tomentose; leaves narrower but distinctly and rather broadly linear heads not as long; bracts of involucre abruptly and somewhat cuspidately acute.

In the Coast Range, from Humboldt County southward. Plant not well known.

The species succeeding, are distinguished by a more thyrsiform arrangement of the heads, and with the exception of the last one, by a more sparse and less elongated foliage.

15. C. frigidus. Chrysocoma nauseosa, Pall. in Pursh?? Stoutish, seldom 2 feet, often less than one foot high, the branches of the season erect, numerous, whitish-tomentose : leaves narrowly linear, seldom 2 inches long, acute, erect or ascending, distinctly white-tomentose, seldom glabrate : heads mostly thyrsoid-panicled, 4 or 5 lines high, bracts in not very distinct vertical ranks, the outer acute, the inner obtusish, all more or less tomentulose and glandular, the margins delicately ciliate at least near the summit: corolla-tube sparingly short-hairy, not at all elongated, widening gradually to the abruptly subclaviform rather deeply cleft throat styleappendages much longer than the wholly included stigmatic part.

Plentiful on the elevated bleak plains about Laramie, Wyoming, and eastward to the borders of Utah. Without knowledge of the type specimens it is impossible to say whether this plant or our number 13 is the basis of the scarcely published Chrysocoma nauṣeosa of Pursh's Flora.

16. C. Bigelovii. Linosyris Bigelovii, A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. iv. 98, t. 12 (1857). Bigelovia Bigelovii, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c. 642 (1873). Aster binominatus, O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 315 (1891). Size of the preceding, but erect branches of the season quite slender, reedy and very sparsely leafy leaves short, involute; involucral bracts in very distinct vertical ranks and numerous (4 or 5 in each rank).

Dry plains of southeastern Colorado and adjacent New Mexico.

17. C. junceus. Bigelovia juncea, Greene, Bot. Gaz. vi. 184 (1881). Aster Edwardii O. Ktze, l. c. 316. Taller and more slender, the broom-like tufts of long erect rush-like branches green and nearly or quite leafless heads in small fastigiate cymes at summit of the branches; involucral bracts in vertical ranks, all obtusish: corolla-lobes short, hairy.

Collected only by the present writer, many years since, on bluffs of the Gila River in southeastern Arizona.

18. C. Mohavensis. Bigelovia Mohavensis, Greene, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 138 (1884). Aster Mohavensis, O. Ktze, 1. c. 318. Rush-like branches few, stout, flexuous, glutinous, sparingly leafy leaves an inch long: involucral bracts obtuse corolla-lobes narrowly lanceolate, glabrous.

Mohave Desert in California; also in adjacent Nevada.

19. C. leiospermus. Bigelovia leiosperma. A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 139 (1884). Aster leiospermus, O. Ktze, 1. c. very like the last in habit and aspect; readily distinguished by the very short ovate teeth of the corolla, and the completely glabrous achenes.

Southern portions of Nevada and Utah.

20. C. Parryi. Linosyris Parryi, A. Gray, Proc. Philad. Acad. 66 (1863). Bigelovia Parryi, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c. Aster Harbourii, O. Ktze, 1. c. 316. Stout, a. foot high or more, quite leafy, and with ascending branches: leaves linear, narrowed at base, 2 inches long or more, somewhat tomentose like the branches, or glabrate: heads quite thyrsoidly disposed up and down the branches, large, 10 to 15-flowered; involucral bracts lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate: corolla-tube hirsutulous.

Parks of the Colorado Rocky Mountains.

21. C. Howardii. Linosyris Howardii, Parry in Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 541 (1865). Bigelovia Howardii, A. Gray, 1. c. viii. 641 (1873). Aster Howardii, O. Ktze, 1. c. 318 (1891). Chondrophora Howardii, Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 317 (1894). Similar to the last in habit, rather

smaller: leaves linear, firm: heads 5-flowered, the 12 to 15 bracts of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, somewhat arachnoid, the outer gradually, the inner abruptly cuspidate-acuminate: corolla-tube sparingly villous.

Parks of the Colorado Rocky Mountains; but included by Dr. Britton in the list of plants of the Gray's Manual region, I know not upon what grounds.

22. C. Nevadensis. Linosyris Howardii, var. Nevadensis, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vi. 541 (1865). Bigelovia Nevadensis, A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 136 (1884). Taller than the last, the head more elongated, and bracts more numerous, hirsute-ciliate, all with long slender firm but recurved tips. Eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada in California, and adjacent Nevada.

23. C. Bolanderi. Linosyris Bolanderi, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 354 (1868). Bigelovia Bolanderi, A. Gray, 1. c. viii. 641 (1873). Aster Bolanderi, O. Ktze, 1. c. 317. Low, somewhat viscid: leaves spatulate-linear, acute, not rigid: heads somewhat corymbose or racemose toward and at the ends of the erect branches, mostly subtended by one or more reduced leaves; involucre 7 to 11-flowered, the bracts few not in vertical ranks, lanceolate-acuminate, the inner very thin, the margins cobwebby-ciliate.

Same range as the preceding, though not closely allied to it, being much more analogous in several respects to Macronema discoideum, with which, as I have said before, it is much confused in the herbaria and by collectors. It were perhaps better to refer them to the same genus, i. e., either this to Macronema, or that to Chrysothamnus. The line between these two genera must be drawn arbitrarily if at all; unless the present one be restricted to that series in which the corollas are shorter and more deeply-cleft, and the style-tips broader and shorter; that is, the series ending with our number 10.