RULES FOR CITATION Adopted by the Madison Botanical Congress and Section G, A. A. A. S. Writers and publishers of botanical matter are earnestly requested to adopt the forms here recommended. Examples of various citations illustrating the application of the rules in specific cases are given. Correspondence may be addressed to Secretary of the Committee on Bibliography, 1284 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Mass. In each complete citation there should be given the following items: a. Author's surname in full, followed by a comma. b. Exact title, verbatim, following the capitalization required by the usage of the language in which the title is written, but not necessarily the capitalization employed. c. Name of periodical or work, abbreviated in accordance with list of journals and catalogue of authors under recommendation 1. a. b.* d. Series, if any, in Roman capitals. e. Volume number in bold face Arabic numerals, followed by colon. In case there is no volume number, the number of the part, heft, lieferung, or fascicle is to occupy this place but is to be printed in Arabic numerals of ordinary face. When a volume is composed of parts separately paged the number of the part shall be written as an index figure to the volume number. Volumes in parts with continuous paging require no designation of parts. f. Page, in Arabic numerals of ordinary face. In case paging of the paper is in Roman numerals these should be used, preferably small caps. Re-paging in reprints and separates is to be indicated by enclosing the numerals in parentheses. In case the original paging is unknown an em dash should occupy its place, the reprint paging being given in accordance with the foregoing *See Proc. Mad. Bot. Cong. 45. Je 1894. rule. No individual or unique paging is to be cited under any circumstances. g. Figures, plates and exsiccatæ are to be printed in Italic Arabic numerals, the number designating the figure or plate to be preceded by the abbreviations f. and pl., respectively, in Italics. d. following a page number may be used, when desired, to indicate description of a species. h. Exact date must be given if possible, written in the mode and with the abbreviations for months used by Library Bureau.* The year at least must be given. i. Punctuation. Except the comma following the author's name, and the colon following the volume number all the items are to be separated by periods. If another citation follows in the same line it is to be separated from the first by an en dash. Specific, generic and varietal names are to be written and punctuated in the method used in the "List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta" issued under the direction of the Botanical Club, A. A. A. S. j. If it is considered desirable to give other data than series number (if any), volume number, page and date, these should be added in brackets after the date. But useless or unnecessary data should be avoided. k. Citations of reviews, abstracts, and all such secondary references should be enclosed in parentheses. I. 2. 3. Examples. Lagerheim, G. von. Ueber das Vorkommen von Eu- Trelease, W. A revision of the American species of Sargent, C. S., Editor. Populus monticola. Gard. *Those abbreviations are as follows: Ja, F, Mr, Ap, My, Je, Jl, Ag, S, O, N, D; i. e., the initial of the month followed by the first distinctive letter. 4. 5. 6. e. 7. e. 8. e. 9. e. Dietel, P. Die Gattung Ravenelia. Hedw. 33:22–48. pl. 1-5. 30 Ja. 49-69. 15 Ap 1894. The The foregoing are correct forms for catalogue by author. following illustrate cases arising under the rules indicated by the letter preceding. Ell. and Everh. Pyren. 491. My 1892. Proc. Phil. Acad. 1894: 53-59. 1894. The year number, 1894, is the volume number, and not necessarily the year of publication. E. g., Bessey, Am. Pomol. Soc. 1885:42. 1886. Mez, C. Bromeliaceæ. III. Flora Brasiliensis 115: 425-634. pl. 81–114. IF 1894. Not Fasc. CXV, 425-634, t. 81-114. Saccardo, P. A. Syll. Fung. 72:481. N 1890. 10. e. j. Bull. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. 9:39-42. II. 1894. 2 Mr Not 92; nor 9 part 2; nor 1894 [part 2]. e. j. Linn. Sp. Plant. 62: 125. 1852. [ed. Willd.] 12. e.j. Gray, A. Man. Bot. 225. 1890. [6th ed.] 13. f. Peck, C. F. Rep. N. Y. Mus. 47:-(18). N 1894. Ell. and Everh. N. A. F. 1642. F1889. 14. g. 15. g. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2:98. d. pl. 28. 22 Ap1891. Bailey, The Japanese plums in North America. The figures are not numbered. Bull. Ell. and Kell. Jour. Myc. 1:12. d. Ja 1885. (Hedw. 24: 45 d. Je1885.) Peck, (Grev. 22: 111. Je 1894.) 88 Comment of the Foregoing Rules. We print the Rules for Citation by request, but are not pledged to hand them over to the readers of ERYTHEA as being in our opinion faultless. It is evident that clearness and brevity are prime qualities in citation; and in the examples given there is not a little that seems objectionable, and which, we hope none will feel called upon to copy. We notice that in case of joint authors the "and" is given instead of the usual short &. Why should any one conform to this sort of innovation in citation? Again, "Proc. Phil. Acad." is bad for the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy, because the "Phil." ordinarily stands for Philosophy or Philosophical in bibliographical citation. It is quite a new thing to force this "Phil." to stand for Philadelphia. "Philad." is by long custom established for Philadelphia; and the custom grew out of a necessity, such as any accomplished bibliographer would readily percieve. Again: "Man. Bot." for Gray's Manual of Botany, etc.; what need of that second term "Bot."? Did Asa Gray write any other Manual but the one of botany? And the simple "Man.", universally employed heretofore is abundantly sufficient. It is to be hoped that people may still be content to use it, and ignore this new recommendation. The "Ell. and Kell." of these examples should certainly become Ellis & Kellerm.; for "Kell." by long usage is the abbreviation for the late Dr. Albert Kellogg, and "Ell." for Stephen Elliott. Finally, are not we free people of America before all others, just now in danger, as scientists-botanists-of coming to such slavery of rules, regulations, and codes, as will render us uncomfortable at home, as it is already making us ridiculous abroad?-E. L. G. OBSERVATIONS ON THE COMPOSITÆ.-IX. By EDWARD L. GREENE. In continuing the expression of my views of the generic relations of our homochromous asteraceous plants, I would first invite attention to another species which is very much out of harmony with Solidago, in which genus Asa Gray always insisted upon placing it, notwithstanding that it has no ray-flowers at all, and that all its corollas are purple, or at least white changing to purple in age. I refer to the plant first described by Stephen Elliott as Aster? discoideus. Elliott was the original discoverer of it and no other author seems yet to have given it a full and satisfactory description, some of the more important points of which description were entirely ignored by Gray, in the Synoptical Flora; the color of the corollas being left wholly unmentioned by him, which is equivalent to saying that they are yellow, as in Solidago generally; though he admits that even the pappus is often tinged with purple. Elliott, while referring the plant doubtfully to Aster, says that he at first thought it to be of a new genus, but was afterwards "induced for the present to arrange it here" (in Aster); but it did not occur to him that it could possibly be placed under Solidago; neither did DeCandolle see it in any other light than that of something referable to no other established genus but Aster. In mode of growth the species is doubtlessly solidaginoid, though no Solidago has precisely such foliage, or such inflorescence. It clearly is farther removed from Solidago than is the genus Brachychata; and, by its short and clavellate pappus, and deeply cleft corollas, it is quite as distinct from Aster. I should therefore receive it readily in the rank of a genus, to be called BRINTONIA. B. discoidea. Aster? discoideus, Ell. Sk. ii. 358 (1824); DC. Prodr. v. 247 (1836). Solidago discoidea, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 195 (1842). ERYTHEA, Vol. III., No. 6 [1 June, 1895]. |