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Neither of these medicaments has anything deleterious in its composition; both are essentially purifying and strengthening in their nature. The combined power of these noble remedies enables them successfully to cope with most descriptions of impurities, and to cure, or at least relieve, most varieties of diseases. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1890. CONTENT 8.-N° 212. many brave there "travelling the maine of poore Slavonia" to Lubbiano, he finally reached the capital of Styria, where at the court of the Archduke Ferdinand of NOTES:-Capt. John Smith, 41-Queen Anne Boleyn, 43- Austria he met "an English man and an Irish Marriages of Thomas, Lord Darcy-St. Sativola, 44-Clink -Distances of the Earth from the Sun-Aristides: Theo- Iesuite" who introduced him to phrastus-Lady de la Beche, 45-Mail Coaches in 1836-gentlemen of good quality," amongst others "to Monument in Lichfield Cathedral-"Of a' the airts," 46- Lord Ebersbaught, the Baron Kisell, General of Stained Glass in Angers Cathedral-Similar Passages, 47. the Archduke's Artillery," and to "Colonel Voldo, Earl of Meldritch," all three bold warriors whose names would have remained unknown to posterity and their valiant deeds unrecorded in history if our conscientious historian had not rescued them from oblivion. From Gratz Smith journeyed to Vienna. How he fared afterwards is related in the following chapters. QUERIES:-Codger - Cob-nuts - Cob at Gibraltar-Use of Tribes-Sir John Jervis-Andrew Snape-Portrait of Shak- plaisance Church Roof-James Bassett, 48-Lovell Roasted Alive-Sowcark-Origin of Terminations-Authors Wanted, 49. REPLIES:-Burning of Women, 49-Silverpoint, 50-Thrus House-Rookwood Family, 51-Anna Chamberlayne-Earl of Deloraine-Cromwell Swords-Cog-Deaths of near Kindred-Mittens as Funeral Decorations, 52-Gulf of Lyons Side of a Church, 53-Stanzas on Miss Lepel-Hares not History of the Rod-Portrait of Burns-Burial on North eaten by Gauls-Hildebrand Horden-Italian Vengeance Practice of the Couvade, 54-Leghs of Acton Burnell-Dr. quarré Chapel-Spenserian Commentary, 55-Robert Burton Sir J. Hawkwood-The Cockpit, 56-Blunders of Authors -Early Church in Dover-Robert, Earl of Lindsey-But and Ben, 57-Coronation-" Black-letter lawyer"-Title of Book Wanted, 58-Authors Wanted, 59. Kuper-Eve-Cathedral-Letters of Naturalization-Le NOTES ON BOOKS:-The Henry Irving Shakespeare, Lewis's Ancient Laws of Wales'-Owen's 'Gerald the Notes. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH OF VIRGINIA. (Continued from p. 2.) When writing of Ferneza's book I forgot to mention that, according to Prof. Arber, Don Pascual de Gayangos had seen a printed translation of the Italian "history" rendered into Spanish by a Montalvo.* Let us hope that the Señor will kindly favour us with a short description of that bibliographical curiosity. I have reason to suspect that he is mistaken, and it is not impossible that when writing to Prof. Arber he had another book in his mind, viz., Fray Francisco de Montalbo's 'Historia de las Gverras de Vngria,' &c. (Palermo, 1693), a copy of which is in the library of the Madrid Academia de la Historia, probably the very copy which he has seen. To revert to Capt. Smith. As his travels and doings in Western Europe do not at present concern us, we will allow him to journey to Venice and embark at Malamocco unmolested, and not find fault with his route to Gratz either, but simply mention that, according to his narrative,† he crossed the Adriatic to Ragusa, and "spending some time to see that barren broken coast of Albania and Dalmatia," he proceeded to Capo d'Istria, and from * Smith's Works,' edited by E. Arber, introduction, p. xxiii. End of chap. iii. Our author begins the story of his deeds on Hungarian soil* by telling his readers that "after the losse of Caniza, the Turkes with twentie thousand besieged the strong Towne of Olumpagh," and continues by relating how the garrison got into sore straits until he appeared on the scene as a deus ex machina, and came to their rescue with a "strange invention" of torch-signals and the unusual "stratagem" of employing dummy "musketteers" to mislead the unsophisticated Turks. The first device enabled "Kisell, the General of the Archduke's Artillery," to inform Lord Ebersbaught, "the Governour [of the fortress], his worthy friend," that he was about to attack the Turks at a specified time and hour, and to ask him to co-operate with the army of relief. The combined attack and sally of the Christians was successful. The stratagem of dummies confused the Turks, and enabled "Kisell to put 2,000 good soldiers into the town before the morning." Many of the Turks were killed, the rest of them very much scared, and, to cut a long story short, they were obliged to raise the siege and return to Kanizsa. In acknowledgment of the good services rendered by him to the Imperial cause Smith was rewarded and made captain of 250 horsemen under the mysterious "Earle of Meldritch." Palfrey and Prof. Arber think that by Olumpaght Ober-Limbach (in Hung. Felsö Lendva) is meant. A castle of that name exists in Hungary close to Kanizsa, but it is impossible to find any record of a siege at the period in question. Kanizsa as we know, surrendered on Oct. 22, 1600, to Ibrahim, the Grand Vizier, who, having placed a very strong garrison therein, shortly after recrossed the Save and went into winter quarters at Belgrade. The troops thus left behind often sallied forth on foraging expeditions into the neighbourhood, but they could have hardly spared 20,000 men to lay a regular siege to a fortified place. Olumpagh was, according to Smith's account, on or near the plain of Hysnaburg-or, according to Chap. iv. As Smith reprints the narrative from Purchas without comment, he accepts all responsibility. † Olimpach, according to Purchas. * Purchas, Eysnaburge-and a place in its neighbourhood is named Knousbruck by Smith and Konbrucke by Purchas. A river is said to have The history of the siege of Alba Regalis, its divided the Turks, and after the conclusion of main incidents, such, e. g., as Count Russworm's the siege and retreat of the enemy Kisell is stratagem of surprising and capturing one of the said to have been received with much honour at suburbs, named Sziget,* at night by wading with his Kerment (i. e., Körmend). With the exception troops through a muddy lake which until then was of Knousbruck, which I have not been able to considered impassable, are well known. Palfrey identify, all the places named are in the county was very much struck with the occurrence of this of Vas; but it is a far cry from Ober-Limbach word "Segeth" in Smith's account of the siege, and to Eisenburg, the two places being some thirty-exclaims, "Here is a strong indication that the five English miles apart, and as the dummy narrator [i. e., Smith] was an eye-witness, ignorant "musketteers" were placed in the plain of of the Hungarian language." It is difficult to see Hysnaburg, and must therefore have been masked the force of this argument. The word occurs in by several groups of mountains lying between Knolles on p. 1135 (third edition), and was, no the two places, it is difficult to understand how doubt, copied with the rest of the story. they could have influenced the course of the attack, to say nothing of the range at which their sham muskets were called upon to do execution. defence by General Klapka, during the War of Independence in 1848-9. The only point of interest in this chapter of which the historian will take notice is that, whether the signalling with torchlights described by Smith actually took place or not, to him is certainly due the honour of having invented, or at least first published in print, a code of signalling many years before that the invention of which is variedly ascribed to Admiral Penn or James II. when Duke of York. Alba Regalis we know from history, fell on Sept. 17, 1601. The events which followed its fall are related by Smith in the next chapter (chap. vi.). Authenticated history relates that the new Grand Vizier Hassan Djemidji, having arrived too late to prevent the fall of "the right arm of Buda," as the Turks called Alba Regalis, endeavoured to reconquer it for the Sultan; but before he could attempt a siege he had to wage a battle under its walls with the Duke of Mercoeur's army. He was badly beaten on the plain of Sárrét (? Capt. Smith's "Girke"), the Pasha of Buda and the Kiaya Mohammed, besides several other high officers, The next chapter (chap. v.) treats of the siege of being among the slain. He thereupon withdrew Alba Regalis (or Stuhlweisenburg in German) by his troops and hastened to the relief of Kanizsa, the Imperial troops under the Duke of Mercoeur, which was at that time besieged by the Archduke during which another invention of Capt. Smith Ferdinand. The Duke of Mercoeur, on the other was to play an important part, viz., his "fiery hand, sent Russworm to the assistance of the dragons," made out of "round-bellied earthen- Imperials. Thus far Capt. Smith is borne out by ware pots" filled with gunpowder and musket established facts. He gives us the additional balls and covered with a mixture of pitch, brim-information that he had a horse killed under him and stone, turpentine, &c. A full recipe is given of was himself wounded; and further that the "Earl the way in which they were prepared. Though of Meldritch," under whom he served, was sent to ordinary bombs were known since 1433, when assist "Busca "t against Prince Sigismund of Malatesta, Prince of Rimini, is credited to have Transylvania. invented them, this combinatiou of bombs and stinkpots was, we may presume, entirely new, and we need not be astonished, therefore, at the consternation they produced among both Turks and Christians, according to Smith; though I have consulted several contemporary accounts of the siege and not one of them mentions a word about the "fiery dragons." The name of the commander of the besiegers' artillery is given by Smith as "Sulch," by Purchas as "Sulte." The "copyist" as we see, is nearer the truth and "more scrupulously careful" than our eye-witness. It is before this Count von Sultz, well known in history, that Capt. Smith, as he informs us, carried out on a former occasion his first experiments with the "fiery dragons" at Komárom, the virgin fortress on the Danube, since become famous through its heroic * Probably the "Hoheprukh" shown on Mercator's map. In the following chapter (chap. vii.), "the unhappie Siege of Caniza" is very briefly touched upon. The opening statement, so far as it relates to the unhappy issue of the siege, is perfectly true. We are told that "the worthy Lord Rosworme had not a worse journey to the miserable Siege of Caniza (where by the extremitie of an extraordinary continuing tempest of haile, wind, frost and snow...... the Christians were forced to leave their Tents and Artillery, and what they had......) than the noble Earle of Meldritch had to Transilvania." The Archduke Ferdinand, as already mentioned, had laid siege to Kanizsa on Sept. 1, 1601, with an army of 30,000 men. The defender of the fortress was the brave Hasan Teryaki (i. e., Hassan “the *Palfrey is right; "Sziget" means an island in Hungarian. In the present instance it is also the name of the suburb. † Purchas rightly names him Basta, opium-eater"), a man of whom his countrymen are of her own brains to save mine, and not only that, but so justly proud. The siege had already lasted three prevailed with her father that I was safely conducted to weeks when the news of the loss of Alba Regalis James Towne. Can any one seriously think that if it were a fabrication he would so write the Queen, well reached the camp of the beleaguering army. In knowing that Pocahontas was here in the country, would order to intimidate the garrison, the heads of the un-be sure to be questioned on the matter by every one that fortunate Pasha of Buda and the Kiaya Mohammed, which had been sent by Archduke Matthias to Ferdinand,* were stuck on spears and displayed in front of the trenches in full view of the defenders. But Hassan assembled his soldiers, and in a powerful harangue endeavoured to persuade them that the heads were not those of the two pashas. He informed them, also, that it was his firm resolution to defend the place to the bitter last. "Ibrahim," said he, "had not been able to take Kanizsa until he had made a solemn vow to devote its revenues to the holy city of Medina; and the Prophet would never allow a town which belonged to his holy tomb to fall into the hands of infidels." "Besides," he added, "the enemies commenced the siege on the very day on which all true believers celebrated the anniversary of the birth of the Prophet," a circumstance, in his opinion, which alone made the success of the Giaours utterly impossible. The speech had the desired effect. The garrison held out until the arrival of the army brought to their relief by the Grand Vizier, but more so a tempest of snow of unusual violence, accompanied by intense cold, compelled the archduke to raise the siege on Nov. 18, and decamp. Thus far as regards Kanizsa. What sort of journey " the Earl of Meldzitch" had we are unable to verify. LEWIS L. KROPF. (To be continued.) In Ashton's preface to his 'Works' he states:— "Americans are utterly astonished at the apathy shown by the English to the memory of a veritable worthy, Capt. John Smith. On the other side of the Atlantic they would fain claim him as their own, if they could, and they cannot comprehend the indifference to, and ignorance of, the details of his life. It cannot be from lack of interesting particulars, for his life was one peculiarly adventurous, bordering almost on the romantic, and his adventures were related by himself, and others, with a terse and rugged brevity that is very charming. In all Biographies he is styled an Adventurer,' and in all probability would never have received a notice at all, bad it not been for the peculiarly romantic connexion between him and Pocahontas. Modern scepticism has, of course, endeavoured to throw doubts as to the reality of Smith's story, but a moment's reflection will show that it was put to the severest test, and it was never once contemporaneously questioned. When Pocahontas came over here in 1616, Smith wrote a letter to Queen Anne (consort of James I.) commending her to Her Majesty, and detailing her various services to himself and the Colony at large. Of her saving his life he writes thus: 'After some six weeks fatting among those "Salvage Courtiers," at the minute of my execution she hazarded the beating out See the Archduke's letter to Archduke Albert in Monumenta Hungaria Historica,' Diplomataria, vol. iii. p. 161. † Hammer, vol. viii. pp. 9 seq. Knolles, vol. i. p. 795. came in contact with her, and that either she, or her husband, John Rolfe, could at once explicitly deny it, and thus cause instant discovery, if it were a falsehood? GEORGE ELLIS. St. John's Wood. MR. LEWIS L. KROPF, in his note on Capt. John Smith, says of our Lincolnshire worthy, "One feels inclined to suspect that he has not been at all to the south-east of Europe." Does not MR. KROPF here overlook the fact, so strongly insisted on by Prof. Arber in proof of Smith's veracity, that in 1614 he named several places in Virginia (Cape Tragbigzauld was one) after persons who had befriended or things that had happened to him during his travels? These designations were published by him in his 'Description of New England' many years before he had any thought of writing his True Travels and Adventures,' and when, apparently, he could have had no motive for deception. C. C. B. MR. L. L. KROPF has chosen an excellent motto. But a reference to its source will enable him to make it more exact. It comes originally from Cicero: "Nam quis nescit, primam esse historiæ legem, ne quid falsi dicere audeat? Deinde ne quid veri non audeat? Ne qua suspicio gratiæ sit in scribendo? Ne quid simultatis?"-"De Oratore,' ii. xv. 62. ED. MARSHALL. QUEEN ANNE BOLEYN. On Jan. 1, 1890, a Tudor Exhibition was opened in London, containing many portraits and relics of this family, which for more than a century ruled England, and amongst them a portrait or portraits painted in oils of this unfortunate queen will be found. Perhaps it may be remembered that some time ago in 'N. & Q.' attention was drawn by me to the fact that the colour of hair, complexion, and eyes in old oil paintings cannot now be received as evidence, as age tends very much to darken and dim the colouring. There is a portrait of Anne Boleyn by Holbein at Warwick Castle, which no doubt was painted about 1534, during her short reign of prosperity as Queen of England. One engraving of this picture represents her as dark in complexion, and another as singularly fair; but both these examples of engraving are of modern date. In both she is represented as wearing a hood stiffened and a dress cut square in front. It would be really interesting to know what her personal appearance was. spere, in 'Henry VIII.,' Act IV. sc. i., much extols her beauty, and gives a graphic description of Shak |