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of the upper jaw. This elevation is much more marked in the present species than in pinniger.

Head more completely scaly than in related species, the scales also rougher, the scales on the mandible, snout, preorbital, and head generally being fully ctenoid. In S. pinniger the scales on nearly all parts of the head are cycloid. Mandible scaled even to the symphyseal knob. Interopercle fully scaled; most of the branchiostegals with series of scales. Maxillary, preorbital, and tip of snout fully scaled. Preorbital with a narrow neck, and two distinct spines, the neck less than onefourth the diameter of the eye, which is of moderate size, about as in pinniger.

Spinous ridges on top of head low and small. The following pairs of spines are present: Nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, and occipital, six pairs in all.

Interorbital space very broad and almost flat, a slight depression on each side of the supraocular ridge, between which depressions is a slight convexity.

In S. pinniger the interocular space is notably narrower, and both depressions and concavity are more marked. Space between occipital ridges slightly convex. In S. pinniger this is slightly concave.

Preopercular spines rather long and sharp, the second the longest and sharpest, the spines radiating and having less of a backward direction than in S. pinniger.

Opercular spines sharp. Spines on subopercle and interopercle moderate. Two suprascapular spines and a rudiment of a third.

Scales large, in about 47 transverse rows; the accessory scales few. Dorsal fin low, rather deeply emarginate, essentially as in S. pinniger, but both spines and soft rays somewhat higher, the latter a little higher than the spines. Caudal fin lunate. Anal fin rather high, the second spine about as long as the third and rather stouter, little more than half the height of the soft rays. Pectoral fin moderate, as in pinniger, the tip reaching about to the vent, the base rather narrow, and the rays not fleshy. Ventrals, as in pinniger, very long, reaching past the vent almost to the beginning of the anal.

Dorsal rays XIII, 14; A. III, 7.

Gill-rakers, as in pinniger, very long and slender, about 10 + 22 in number, the longest about the diameter of the eye.

Color darker than in pinniger, deep red, strictly speckled with dusky. Above bright deep vermilion, mottled with flesh-color on the sides, the belly light red. Back and sides everywhere with clusters of black dots, so that the whole body has a dusky shade. Top of head and back with vaguely defined cross-blotches made of dark points on snout, interorbital space, occiput, under fourth dorsal spine, under eighth dorsal spine, one under first soft ray, last soft ray, and base of caudal. Three obscure orange stripes radiating from the eye. Maxillary with a red streak,

Lips red, mottled with blackish. Under side of head light red, mottled with darker. Inside of mouth red.

Fins all bright vermilion; spinous dorsal spotted with olive-gray below, the membrane posteriorly edged with blackish; soft dorsal spotted below with blackish, a vertical dark olive streak on each membrane; other fins tipped with blackish, the membranes more or less dotted. No black blotch on the spinous dorsal; no distinct pale streak along the lateral line.

The coloration of Sebastichthys pinniger, which has thus far never been described, is as follows:

Ground color light olive-gray, profusely blotched with bright clear orange-red, the red shades predominating above, the pale below. Belly nearly white. Top of head with cross-blotches and marblings of orange, alternating with pale. Sides of the head flesh-colored, with three bright orange bands radiating from the eye; maxillary with orange touches. Lips pale, tinged with blackish. Inside of mouth pale.

Dorsal fin with the membranes bright orange, a large black blotch occupying the membranes between the seventh and tenth dorsal spines; this spot is usually distinct, but in old examples it is sometimes obsolete. Pectorals light red, mottled with yellowish. Other fins all bright orange, without dusky tips, slightly mottled with paler at base. Lateral line running in a distinct continuous light-gray streak, which is not crossed by the red markings.

S. miniatus was first known to us from two specimens taken at Santa Barbara. These were provisionally considered as representing a variety of pinniger, but after the examination of an extensive series of specimens from Monterey Bay we were forced to the conclusion that the deep-red forms, although nearly allied to S. pinniger, belong to a distinct species. The difference in color is very marked and the two species may be separated at sight. In life any of the numerous species of this genus may be at once recognized by the color alone, a feature which, circumstances of age and surroundings being equal, is in this group remarkably constant.

This species reaches the same size as S. pinniger, and is brought with it to the San Francisco market, but in much less abundance.

In the description already published by us of Sebastichthys proriger the specimen measured as "S. pinniger" belongs to the present species.

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DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF "ROCK-FISH" (SEBASTICHTHYS CARNATUS), FROM THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA.

By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARLES H. GILBERT.

Sebastichthys carnatus sp. nov.

Allied to Sebastichthys nebulosus Ayres.

Body rather short and deep, tapering rapidly to a rather slender caudal peduncle. Head short, bluntish, the profile straight and steep. Mouth low and rather short, the maxillary extending to rather behind the posterior edge of the eye, which is rather small and elevated. Premaxillary entirely below the level of the eye, which is rather small and elevated. Mouth nearly horizontal, the jaws about equal, the lower jaw slightly shortest in the closed mouth. No prominent symphyseal knob. Scales on the head rather rougher than in S. nebulosus; the lower jaw, maxillary, space in front of eye, and nasal region naked, as in nebulosus.

Top of head with the spinous ridges well developed, but somewhat lower than in S. nebulosus; otherwise very similar. The following pairs are present: Nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, and occipital, five in all. The occipital spines especially are lower and narrower than in nebulosus.

Preopercular spines small and bluntish, the uppermost rather broader than the second, which is the longest. Opercular and suprascapular spines two each, rather short and broad. A slight spine on interopercle and subopercle.

Gill-rakers, as in nebulosus, short, compressed, somewhat clavate, the middle ones longer and somewhat crooked.

Spinous dorsal always higher than in nebulosus, the highest spines rather higher than the soft rays, the membranes more deeply incised than in nebulosus, but less than in maliger. Caudal fin truncate. Anal fin moderately high, the second spine stronger and slightly longer than the third, about two-thirds the height of the soft rays. Pectoral fins rather short, about reaching to the vent, their bases very broad, as in related species, and the lower rays thickened and fleshy. Ventrals reaching vent.

Scales in 53 transverse rows; the accessory scales rather numerous. Dorsal, XIH, 12; anal III, 7; pyloric cœca 8; vertebræ 12 + 15. Pattern of coloration almost exactly identical with that of S. nebu losus, but the shade of color very different.

In S. carnatus the light ground color is clear flesh color or pinkish, often tinged with grayish purple; the light shades on the head purplish. The dark shades are yellowish-brown, usually tinged with greenish.

In S. nebulosus the light ground color is more restricted, and its hue is usually a clear warm brownish-yellow with orange mottlings, varying to dusky orange-brown, below often tinged with olive. The dark shades are olive-black, varying to olive-brown. The light shades of S. nebulosus are often nearly identical with the dark shades of S. carnatus. In both species the pattern is a light ground color, with dark blotches, the dark color predominating above. Membrane between third and fourth spines always pale, this color forming a blotch at the base of these spines, and then extending obliquely downwards and backwards, joining the ventral color. In front of this light area on the sides is a narrow oblique dark one, in front of which in turn is a light one, which begins at the angle of the opercle and divides, passing around the pectorals and uniting below them.

A light blotch under the eighth dorsal spine extending up on the fin; also another at the junction of the two dorsals, and still another under the last ray. Under each of these blotches irregular undulating light areas extend down the sides, either continuous or as detached blotches. The pale dorsal blotches correspond in position to the pink dorsal spots of rosaceus, constellatus, oculatus, and chlorostictus, and to pale areas found in fasciolaris, vexillaris, maliger, and other species.

Head above with cross-shades and bands radiating from the eye. Fins with the general pattern of color of neighboring parts of the body.

This species is very closely related to S. nebulosus, and from it cannot always be readily distinguished except by the color. Like S. nebulosus, it is one of the smaller species, seldom reaching a length of much over a foot. It is very abundant in the Bay of Monterey, forming a large proportion of the "rock-fish" shipped from Monterey to the San Francisco market. S. nebulosus occurs in the same waters, and the examination of great numbers of examples of both sexes and all ages has.

convinced us that, although closely related, the two forms are permanently distinct. Whether hereafter to be regarded as a species or as a "subspecies," the form is a peculiar one, and as such worthy of a Lame.

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CHECK-LIST

FISHES

OF DUPLICATES OF NORTH AMERICAN DISTRIBUTED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1877-1880.

Prepared by TARLETON H. BEAN.

1. Lophius piscatorius Linn.

LOPHIIDE.

Lophius americanus Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass., 1867, p. 101, pl. xviii, fig. 2.

22311. Gloucester, Massachusetts.

ANTENNARIIDE

2. Pterophryne histrio Liun.

Pterophryne lævigata (Cuv.) Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 14. 20662. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts (3).

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