*

SUMMARY OF NEW PROVISIONS IN THE ADMINISTRATION'S VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROPOSAL *

GENERAL

The draft bill incorporates the provisions of the administration's vocational education legislation proposal (title V, pt. A, of S. 580 and H.R. 3000), as modified by Ĥ.R. 4955 as reported by the House Education and Labor Committee, but with new provisions principally designed to broaden the opportunity for vocational education for youths of high school age, particularly in communities having substantial numbers of youths who have completed or left high school and need vocational training to equip them for gainful employment.

INCREASE IN APPROPRIATION AUTHORIZATIONS

The draft bill increases the appropriation authorizations in H.R 4955 from $45 million, $90 million, $135 million, and $180 million, to $108 million, $153 million, $198 million, and $243 million for the fiscal years 1964, 1965, 1966, and 1967, respectively-an increase of $63 million over the amounts authorized in section 2 of that bill. In addition, the draft bill authorizes $15 million for the fiscal year 1964 and such sums as may be necessary for the next 4 years, for grants for the establishment and operation of experimental residential Vocational education schools. It also authorizes an additional $50 million for fiscal 1964 and necessary sums for the next 5 years for grants to States for work-study programs to enable needy youths of high school age to commence or continue full-time vocational education programs.

Thus, in effect, the draft bill adds an additional $150 million to the $23 million originally recommended by the administration for expansion and improvement of vocational education (title V, pt. A, of S. 580 and H.R. 3000). Since H.R. 4955, as reported by the House committee, authorizes $45 million for fiscal 1964 (instead of the $23 million originally recommended by the President), the effect of the draft bill is to increase the fiscal 1964 authorization in the reported House bill by $128 million and by corresponding amounts in the next 4 years.

FEDERAL PROJECT GRANTS

The House-reported bill, as well as the administration bill, sets aside 5 percent of the sums appropriated each year for Federal project grants to develop, demonstrate, and evaluate special vocational education programs for youths who, by reason of academic, socioeconomic, or other handicaps, would not be able to succeed in the regular programs. The draft bill increases this percentage from 5 to 15 percent and broadens the purpose of these grants to include projects to meet the special vocational education needs of communities having substantial numbers of youths who have dropped out of school or who are unemployed.

*See also p. 2458 for summary analysis of draft amendments to 8. 580 which contain a comparison of the

EXPERIMENTAL RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS

The draft bill authorizes $15 million for fiscal 1964 and such sums as Congress determines for the next 4 fiscal years for Federal grants to establish and operate residential schools to provide vocational education to youths of high school age who need full-time study on a residential basis in order to benefit fully from vocational training. In making these grants, the Commissioner will give special consideration to the needs of large urban areas having substantial numbers of youths who have dropped out of high school or are unemployed. INCREASED EMPHASIS ON POST HIGH SCHOOL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The administration bill, as well as H.R. 4955, required the States to use at least 25 percent of each annual allotment to provide vocational education to youths who have left or completed high school and to construct area vocational education schools primarily designed to meet the training needs of these youths. The draft bill increases this percentage from 25 to 40 percent for the first 5 years of the program.

WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS

The draft bill adds a new title II authorizing $50 million for fiscal 1964 and necessary sums for each of the next 4 years for grants to States to enable local educational agencies (defined to include any public agency or institution providing a vocational education program) to give work assistance to students in full-time attendance in vocational education courses. The purpose of this title is to encour age and enable youths between the ages of 15 and 20-who otherwise would probably drop out of high school or discontinue their education after completing high school and be unable to find jobs--to continue in school in order to take the vocational training they need to equip them for gainful employment. These programs would provide parttime employment, of not more than 15 hours a week, in public schools or other public agencies. Monthly and annual earnings could not exceed $45 and $350, respectively, unless the student attended a school away from home, in which case the limits would be $60 per month and $500 per academic year. Youths would be selected for work assistance on the basis of their need for financial aid and their need for vocational education.

MISCELLANEOUS

The draft bill also reintroduces the per capita income factor in allotting Federal funds among the States for vocational education programs, as recommended by the administration, and makes it clear that such programs can include instruction related to the occupation for which the student is being trained or necessary for him to benefit

EXHIBIT 18

FACT SHEET-EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND NEEDS IN THE UNITED STATES

U.S. Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel today told the Senate Subcommittee on Education that "our educational institutions and our States, despite valiant efforts, are not meeting the standards" required by the Nation's needs. "The national interest," he said, "requires the maximum development of human potential" while "the personal interest of every citizen requires equality of opportunity." In contrast, these are some of the facts about the contemporary educational scene which Commissioner Keppel left with the Senate subcommittee chaired by Senator Wayne Morse:

I. On the changing nature of our manpower requirements and the rising educational levels necessary to carry on the work of the Nation

The fastest growth of our labor force is that of highly trained professional jobs requiring 16 or more years of education. Since 1952, jobs in this category have grown from 4.5 to 7.5 million.1

Technician and semiprofessional jobs requiring 1 to 3 years of postsecondary education are the second fastest growing category in our labor force. In the last decade, over 2 million new jobs were created here a growth of 40 percent.1

Jobs filled by high school graduates rose 30 percent while jobs for those with no secondary education decreased 25 percent in the past decade.1 II. On the talent loss because of limited educational attainment

One out of every three students in the fifth grade now drops out of school before high school graduation. Only 2 of every 10 now graduate from college.2

Almost a million youths drop out from our elementary and secondary schools each year; 250,000 of these fail to complete even elementary school.2 Over 23 million Americans 18 years of age and older have completed less than 8 years of schooling. Included in this figure are some 8 million adults aged 25 and older who have completed less than 5 years of schooling.

Only 43 percent of our adults have completed high school and only 8 percent have completed college.3

Thirty percent of the high school seniors in the 80 to 90 academic percentile of their class and 43 percent of the 70 to 80 percentile fail to enter college.1 III. On inequality among the races of educational opportunity and attainment

Nearly 70 percent of the young white population have graduated from high school, but only about 40 percent of our nonwhite population have completed high school. To put it another way, 30 percent of the whites and 60 percent of the nonwhites are "school dropouts." 5

Of our adult population, 25 years and older, 6.2 percent of whites and 22.1 percent of nonwhites have completed less than 5 years of school (1962)."

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: Current Population Report. Labor Force Series, 1952, table No. 1, p. 50, and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics: Report No. 30, "Specia Labor Forces"; unpublished.

U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Digest of Educational Statistics, OE Pub. 10024, 1962, table 4, p. 12.

US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: 1960 Report, Series 1D, table 173, p. I-404. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education Project TALENT, Project 226, chart, Mar. 5, 1962.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: Current Population Reports, Feb. 7, 1963, p. 20,

Almost 12 percent of young white adults (age 25-29) have completed college, while only 5.4 percent of this age group in the nonwhite population have done so.6

While 11 percent of the total population is Negro, Negroes make up only 3.5 percent of all professional workers."

IV. On the social costs of unemployment and low educational attainment One of every ten workers who failed to finish elementary school is unerployed today, as compared to 1 out of 50 college graduates.

In March 1962, persons of 18 years and older who had not completed high school made up 46 percent of the total labor force. Such persons, however, comprised 64 percent of the unemployed.'

A 1961 national study of families receiving aid for dependent childre (AFDC) payments showed: 10

Sixty-two percent of the jobless AFDC fathers had no education beyond elementary school.

Of those AFDC fathers who were incapacitated 83 percent had to education beyond elementary school, 42 percent had been in school less than 5 years, and only 6 percent had been graduated from high school

This study also indicated that of all women in the 20 to 55 age group with less than 5 years of schooling, 1 in 14 was on AFDC. Of all who completed elementary school, 1 in 34 was receiving such assistance. Of all high school graduates who did not go to college, I in 155 was supported by AFDC. But of all college graduates, only 1 in 1,765 was on AFDC Almost a fifth of New York mothers on the aid-to-dependent children (ADC) rolls (1957) had not completed the fifth grade and, among families receiving general assistance, half the family heads had completed only 6 year of schooling.11

Illinois reported (1960) that a fifth of their ADC mothers had not gone beyond the sixth grade."

In Louisiana (1954), half the ADC mothers and three-fourths of the fathers in the home had received only a fifth-grade education or less.11

Of all persons on Arkansas welfare rolls, 89.4 percent had less than a fourth-grade education.12

Of the unemployed in Louisiana, 72 percent had less than a sixth-grade education; 96 percent of this group had not completed high school.12 Commissioner Keppel also provided the Senate Subcommittee on Education with a new State-by-State breakdown of "functional illiteracy"-educational underattainment characterized by failure to complete at least 5 years of schooling

In the Nation as a whole (1960), 23.5 percent of nonwhite adults 25 years of age or older had completed less than 5 years of school, compared with 6.7 percent of white adults. The range in the States was as much as 41.2 percent and as little as 8.1 percent for nonwhites, and as much as 13.5 percent and as little as 1.3 percent for whites.13

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: 1960 Report, Series 1D, table 173. p. 1-406. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: 1960 Report, Series 1D, table 158, p. I-359, table 257, pp. 1-717 and I-719.

US Department of Labor: Manpower Report of the President, March 1963, p. 44.

U.S. Department of Labor: Monthly Labor Review, March 1962, "Educational Attainment of Work ers," p. 507. 10 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Administration, Bureau of Fam Services: Press release, Feb. 20, 1963 (HEW-W63) (report to be published), and U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Administration, Bureau of Family Services: Press release, Feb. 7. 1963 (HEW-W48) (report to be published).

11 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education: Reprint from April 1967 Indicators,Limited Educational Attainment; Extent and Consequences," p. 5.

12 Statement of T. J. McLernon, assistant director of Adult Education Service, National Education Asso ciation, before the General Subcommittee on Labor and Select Subcommittee on Education of the Com mittee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, 87th Cong., Feb. 14, 1962, p. 83.

The complete State-by-State breakdown follows:

Number of persons 25 years old and over with less than 5 years of school completed, by color, 1960

Resident population includes institutional population but excludes Armed Forces abroad.
Less than 500.

NOTE.-Items may not add because of rounding.

Source: US Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, U.8. Census of Population: 1960, General, Social and Economic Characteristics. PC Series.