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"You have not quite forgotten me, then, sweet lad of Lochinvar?" asked the Duchess of Wellwood softly in his ear. For so in the days of his sometime madness she had been wont to call him.

"No," answered Wat, sullenly enough, as he lifted her to the ground, not knowing what else to say.

"Then meet me at the head of the wood on my way home," whispered the lady, as she disengaged herself from his arms, and turned with a smiling face to Roger McGhie.

"And this is your sweet daughter," she murmured caressingly, to Kate, who stood by with drooping eyelids, but who, nevertheless, had lost no shade of the colloquy between Wat Gordon and her father's guest.

The Lady of Wellwood took the girl's hand, which lay cold and unresponsive in her plump white fingers. "A pretty maid-you will be a beauty one day, my dear," she added, with the condescension of one who knows she has as yet nothing to fear from younger rivals.

Roger McGhie conducted the lady gallantly through the garden walks towards the house. But she had not gone far when she professed herself overcome by the heat, and desired to be permitted to sit down on a rustic seat. She was faint, she said; yet, even as she said it, the keen eye of Kate McGhie noted that her color remained warm and high.

"A tass of water-nay, no wine," she called after the Laird of Balmahie; "I thank you for your courtesy."

"Come and sit by me, pretty one," said the Lady Wellwood, cooingly, to Kate.

The "pretty one" would infinitely rather have set herself down by the side of an adder sunning itself on a bank than shared the woodland seat with the bold horse-woman of Grenoch.

"Ah, sly one," she said, "I warrant you knew that your under-gardener there, that handsome lad, was not the landward man he seemed."

She shook her finger reproachfully at her companion as she spoke.

"I know that he is proscribed, and has a price set on his head," Kate said quietly, looking after Wat with great indifference as he went down the avenue of trees.

"And do you know why?" asked the duchess somewhat abruptly.

"No," answered Kate, wondering at her tone. "It was for wounding my late husband within the precincts of Holyrood," said Lady Wellwood.

But Kate McGhie's anger was now fully roused, and her answer ran trippingly off her tongue.

"And was it for that service you spoke so kindly to him just now, and bade him meet you at the head of the wood as you went home?"

The Duchess stared a little, but her well-bred calmness was not ruffled.

"Even so," she said, placidly, "and for the further reason that Waten Gordon was on his way to see me on the night when it was his ill fortune to meet with my husband instead."

"I do not believe it." cried the girl, lifting her head and looking Lady Wellwood straight in the eyes.

"Ask him, then!" answered the Duchess, with the calm assurance of forty answering the chit of half her age.

Crockett, with this issue, changes publishers, and to some advantage in the style and effectiveness of the work. There are interspersed thirteen spirited and helpful illustrations by T. D. Thulstrupp. (Harper and Brothers; $1.50.)

Another volume from the hands of Jeremiah Curtin, the indefatigable translator of Sienkiewicz,-Hania, a collection of short stories, has just appeared. It seems to show, along with Yanko and Lillian Morris, that the short story has not yet been reached in Poland. The condensation, the whole-in-little art and quality, that characterize the work of Daudet and Maupassant are wanting here. A part of the bulky volume is devoted to a reprint of pieces that Sienkiewicz wrote when sojourning, in 1878, in California. A specimen from those papers may not be without interest:

In Barania-Glova, in the chancery of the villagemayor, it was as calm as in time of sowing poppy-seed. The mayor, a peasant, no longer young, whose name was Frantsishek Burak, was sitting at the table, and scribbling something on paper with strained attention; the secretary of the commune, Pan Zolzik, young and full of hope, was standing at the window defending himself from flies.

There were as many flies in the chancery as in a cowhouse. All the walls were spotted with them, and had lost their original color. Spotted in like manner were the glass on the image hanging over the table, the paper, the seal, the crucifix, and the mayor's official books.

The flies lighted on the mayor, too, as on an ordinary councilman; but they were attracted particularly by Pan Zolzik's head, which was pomaded, and also perfumed with violet. Over his head a whole swarm was circling; they sat at the parting of his hair and formed black, living, movable spots. Pan Zolzik from time to time raised his hand warily, and then brought it down quickly on his head; the slap of his palm was heard. the swarm flew upward, buzzing, and Pan Zolzik, seizing his hair, picked out the corpses and threw them on the floor.

The hour was four in the afternoon. Silence reigned in the whole village for the people were at work in the fields; but outside the chancery window a cow was scratching herself against the wall, and at times she showed puffing nostrils through the window, with saliva hanging from her muzzle.

At moments she threw her heavy head against her back to drive away flies; at moments she grazed the wall with her horn; and then Pan Zolzik looked out through the window and cried,—

"Aa! hei! May the "

Then he looked at himself in the glass hanging there at the window, and arranged his hair.

This is strong, of course, but crude, and scarcely artistic. Sienkiewicz was but getting ready then for serious work. It is a pity that success brings out things that ought to be burned or buried. Admirers of the author will regret this volume. (Little. Brown and Co.; $2.)

Other Books Received

AMERICAN BOOK Co.: The comedy of "As You Like It," Shakespeare, 102 pp. Vicar of Wakefield, Goldsmith, 207 pp. Introduction to American Literature, Matthews, 248 pp. L'Abbe Constantine, 111 pp. Racine Iphigenie, 198 pp. Die Journalisten, J. Norton Johnson, 171 pp. The Life of Nelson, Robert Southey, 304 pp. Manual of Phonography, Heffley, 127 pp. Practical Rhetoric, Quackenbos, 477 pp. The Story of Troy, Clarke, 251 pp. 'Round the Year in Myth and Song. Florence Holbrook, 200 pp. The American Word Book, Patterson, 192 pp. The Story of Japan, Van Ber

gen, 284 pp. History of United States, McMaster, 567 pp, $1.00. Mental Arithmetic, Milne, 176 pp, 35c. Lincoln Literary Collection, McCaskey, 576 pp., $1.00.

ART AND NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING Co.: Songs of Happy Life, 108 pp.

D. APPLETON & Co.: In Brook and Bayous, or Life in the Still Waters, Bayliss, 175 pp. The Story of Oliver Twist, Ella Boyce Kirk, 348 pp. Curious Homes and Their Tenants, Beard, 275 pp. The Story of the Birds, Baskett, 263 pp. Uncle Sam's Secrets, Austin, 344 pp. Uncle Robert's Geography. Uncle Robert's Visit, Parker and Helm, 191 pp. Harold's First Discoveries, Troeger, 93 pp. The Hall of Shells, Hardy, 173 pp. The Plant World: Its Romances and Realit.es, Vincent, 228 pp.

C. W. BARDEEN: Composition and Criticism, A. W. Emerson, 82 pp. Exercises in English Syntax, Bugbee, 87 pp. Teaching as a Business, Bardeen, 154 pp.

THE CHAUTAUQUA-CENTURY PRESS: A short History of Mediæval Europe, Thatcher, 309 pp. The Social Spirit in America, Henderson, 350 pp.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS: Shakespeare's Julius Cæsar, 207 pp.

ELDREDGE & BRO.: The Elements of Natural Philo 30phy, Houston, 323 pp. Manual of Composition and Rhetoric, Hart, 341 pp.

EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING Co.: Sketches of American Authors, Jennie Ellis Keysor, 200 pp.

JAMES H. EARLE: The Sunday Problem: Its Present Day Aspects, 338 pp.

J. FITZGERALD & Co.: Pitfalls in English, Jos. Fitzgerald, 125 pp.

FORDS, HOWARD AND HURLBURT: The Hymnal for Schools, Ives, 50 cents.

S. Y. GILLAN & Co.: Tracing and Sketching Lessons in Geography, Gillan, 156 pp.

GINN & Co.: The Forms of Discourse, Wm. B. Cairns, A. M., 356 pp.

D. C. HEATH & Co.: Compendium of United States History and Literature, Annie E. Wilson, 108 pp. Burke's American Orations, George, 241 pp. Exercises in English, Strang, 140 pp. Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration, George, 69 pp. Composition and Rhetoric, Williams, 329 pp. Enoch Arden and the Two Locksley Halls, Tennyson, 152 pp.

HINDS & NOBLE: Cornelius Nepos: Hannibal, Cato, Atticus, by Allcroft and Mason, 68 pp. A Manual of Ethics, Mackenzie, 450 pp.

HARPER BROTHERS: Alexander Pope, Sam'l Johnson, 197 pp. Practical Exercises in English, Huber Gray Buehler, 152 pp. The Elementary Study of English, Rolfe, 86 pp.

HENRY HOLT & Co.: Elementary Composition Exercises, Irene Hardy, 169 pp. Briefer Practical Rhetoric, Clark, 307 pp.

THE INLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY: Notes on Method in Arithmetic, Harwood, 68 pp.

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co.: The Princess, Tennyson, 190 pp. Gulliver's Travels, Swift, 193 pp. Hamlet, Shakespeare, 193 pp. Macaulay's Essay on Milton, 87 pp. Burke's Conciliation With the Colonies, 79 pp. De Quincy's Flight of a Tartar Tribe, 78 pp. Macaulay's Essay on Addison, 218 pp. Autobiography of Franklin, 253 pp. The Eneid of Virgil, Cranch, 92 pp. Essay on Burns, 86 pp.

B. F. JOHNSON PUBLISHING CO.: Little Lessons in Plant Life, Richardson, 114 pp.

E. L. KELLOGG & Co.: English Men of Letters for Boys and Girls, Gertrude H. Ely, 117 pp. Outlines for

Kindergarten and Primary Classes, Cannell and Wise,
162 pp. School System of Germany, Seileye.
LAIRD & LEE: The Modern Webster, 431 pp.
LONGMANS, GREEN & Co.: Coleridge's "Rime of the
Ancient Mariner," Bates, 48 pp.

THE MIDLAND PUBLISHING CO.: Civil Government in the United States, Wright, 343 pp.

A. C. MCCLURG & Co.: Thoughts and Theories of Life and Education, Spalding, 236 pp.

NOVELLO, EWER & Co.: Training of the Child Voice, Frances E. Howard, 30 pp.

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS: The Story of the Nations-British India, Frazer, 399 pp. Robert E. Lee and the Southern Confederacy, White, 467 pp.

SCOTT, FORESMAN & Co.: Topical Outlines of Roman History, Burdick, 64 pp. Principles of Vocal Expression and Literary Interpretation, Chamberlain and Clark. 478 pp. Bible Questions and Topics, Part I, 48 pp. Part II, 62 pp.

SCRIBNER'S SONS: The War of Greek Independence, 428 pp., $1.50. History of United States, Gordy, 478 pp., $1.00.

SILVER, BURDETT & Co.: The Plant and Its Friends, Kate Louise Brown, 155 pp. The Earth and Its Story. Heilprin, 267 pp. De Quincy's Revolt of the Tartars, 81 pp. Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, 127 pp. Lady of the Lake, Scott, 224 pp. Shakespeare's As You Like It, 135 pp. Vicar of Wakefield, Goldsmith, 200 pp. The Tempest, Shakespeare, 147 pp. Introduction to the Study of Economics, Bullock, 500 pp. Fcundation Studies in Literature, Margaret S. Mooney, 290 pp. Choice English Lyrics, Baldwin, 368 pp. Topical Notes on American Authors, Lucy Tappan, 334 pp. Elements of Constructive Geometry, Wm. Noetling, 62 pp. Reading Courses in American Literature, Fred Lewis Pattee, 55 pp. Australia and the Islands of the Sea, Eva M. C. Kellogg. The Child's First Study in Music, S. W. Cole, 60 cents.

UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING Co.: Evangeline, 102 pp. THE WHITAKER & RAY Co.: Heart Culture, Page, 371 pp.

The February Magazines

Review of Reviews.-The Progress of the WorldPrincipally about China, Cuba, and Hawaii. The Traveling Library. Arctic Exploration. British Problems and Politics for 1898. A Sketch of Alphonse Daudet. The Advance of the Peace Movement.

The Atlantic Monthly.-The Capture of Government by Commercialism, John Jay Chapman. The New York Election, Edward M. Shepard. The Danger of Experimental Psychology, Prof. Hugo Munsterberg. The Labor Unions and the Negro, John Stephens Durham. The Battle of the Strong, Gilbert Parker. The Proper Education of an Architect, Russell Sturgis. A Ghetto Wedding, Abraham Cahan. Penelope's Progress, Kate Douglas Wiggin. Caleb West, F. Hopkinson Smith. (This last is, in our opinion, the best piece of American fiction that has appeared in many a year, and in fact The Atlantic is a great AMERICAN magazine.)

The Forum.-Antarctic Exploration and Its Importance, Sir Clements R. Markham, K. C. B. Dangerous Defects of Our Electoral System: A Remedy-II, Hon. J. G. Carlisle. The Relation of Production to Productive Capacity-II, Hon. Carroll D. Wright. Whence Came the American Indians? Major John W. Powell. The True Meaning of the New Sugar Tariff, Dr. Harvey W. Wiley. Britain's Exploitation of the

Nile Valley, Hon. Frederic C. Penfield. The Condition of the American Working-Class: How Can It Be Benefited? Frank K. Foster. Side-Lights on Postal Reform, Orville J. Victor. Corn and Cotton-Seed: Why the Price of Corn Is Low, C. Wood Davis. Alexis de Tocqueville's "Recollections" and Se.f-Revelations, Karl Blind.

Appleton's Popular Science Monthly.-The Evolution of the Mind, Pres. David S. Jordan. School Gardens (illustrated), Henry Lincoln Clapp. The United S.ates Forest Reserves, Hon. Chas. D. Walcott. The Rac.al Geography of Europe, XIII-Modern Social Problems (illustrated), Prof. William Z. R.pley. Scientific Progress in the Closing Century, Prof. L. Buchner. Evolutionary Ethics, Herbert Spencer. Principles of Taxation, XV-What Is Property? Hon. David A. Wells. Feet and Hands, II (illustrated), Mrs. Henry Bernard. Education in the Animal Kingdom. Charles Letourneau. The Primary Social Settlement, Kate Kingsley Ide. Sketch of Charles D. Walcott (with portrait). Editor's Table-Education as a Factor in Evolu.ion-Subconscious Impressions. Scientific Literature. Fragments of Science.

Scribner's.-The Battle of Bunker Hill, drawn by Howard Pyle, frontispiece. The Police Control of a Great Election, Avery D. Andrews, police commissioner, New York city. The Naval Campaign of 1776 on Lake Champlain, Capt. A. T. Mahan, U. S. N. Red Rock-A Chronicle of Reconstruction, chapters IVVIII, Thomas Nelson Page. Wilton Lockwood, T. R. Sullivan. The Story of the Revolution-The Second Congress and the Siege of Boston, Henry Cabot Lodge, Senator from Massachusetts (to continue through the year). The Key of the Fields, a story, Mary 1appan Wright. Fire with Fire, a poem, Charlotte Perkins Stetson. The Unquiet Sex, fourth paper--The Case of Maria, Helen Watterson Moody. The Comrades, a poem, Julia C. R. Dorr. His Serious Doubts, a story, William Maynadir Browne. The Point of ViewThe Sheep and the Goats-Experiments in UnrealityDomesticated Nervousness. The Field of Art-English Movements in Decorative Art.

The Chautauquan.-The Departure of Lohengrin, frontispiece. The Rhine Country (illustra ed), H. A. Guerber. Colonial Household Industries, Alice Morse Earle. Insect Communities, Anna Botsford Comstock, B. S. German Social Democracy, Prof. John W. Perrin, Ph.D. Sunday Readings, selected by Bishop Vincent. The Financial Markets of Germany, RaphaelGeorges Levy. The Influence of Roman Law on English Law, Pres. Henry Wade Rogers, LL.D. A Gentleman of Dix'e (story, chapter XVIII), Ellen Claire Campbell. Telegraphing Without Wires, Ernesto Mancini. Justin S. Morrill, the Oldest United States Senator (illustrated), E. J. Edwards. "Lohengrin" (illustrated), Charles Barnard. Origin of the Democratic Party (illustrated). Char es M. Harvey. A Story of the Sea (s cry), Percié W. Hart. Household Economics, Mary E. Gr en, M. D. I Won er if in Heaven (poem). Louis H. Bucksher. The Wedge of Success, Lilian Whiting. Indian Native Skill, Chief Pokagon. The Speaking and the Singing Voice, Fannie C. W. Barbour. Out of the Heart of Winter (poem), Clinton Scollard. Current History and Opinion (illustrated). C. L. S. C. Work. Talk About Books.

St. Nicholas.-Frontispiece, "Coasting in Central Park." How "The Brownie" Put on Weight, Ambrose Collver Dearborn. "Just-So" Storie-How the Rhinoceros Got His Wrinkly Skin, Rudyard K p'in". The Rhyme of the Kirg and the Roe, verse, El ie Hill. The Buccaneers of Our Coast, chapters VIII, IX, X,

Frank R. Stockton. Mirabel's Gift, Carrie Clark Nottingham. A Wonderful Voyage, verse, Mary Josephine Shannon. The Battle of Durley, verse, Virginia Woodward Cloud. Queer American Rivers, F. H. Spearman. The Lakerim Athletic Club, III, Rupert Hughes. A Valentine, jingle, M. V. W. A Learned Discourse, verse, B. D. S. Two Biddicut Boys, chapters X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, J. T. Trowbridge. The Grandiloquent Goat, jingle, Carolyn Wells. The Quick Horse, F. S. Dellenbaugh. With the black Prince, chapter IV, William O. Stoddard. The ad Little Breeze, verse, Lida S. Price. Eclipse of the Moon, verse, Charles Love Benjamin. Two Kinds of Clocks, verse, Tudor Jenks. Petit Paul Pierrot, verse, Annie E. Tynan. How a Woman Saved an Army, H. A. Ogden. Through the Earth, II, Clement Fezandie. The Little Round Plate, Mary L. B. Branch. Three Little Bears, verse, M. C. McNeill. The Snowman, verse, W. W. Ellsworth. The Letter Box. To Let, jingles, Mary Van Derby. The Riddle Box (illustrated).

The Century.-Portrait of Ruskin in Middle Life, frontispiece. Heroes Who Fight Fire, Jacob A. R.is. Good Americans, IV, Mrs. Burton Harrison. The Cello, * * * The Adventures of Francois, II, S. Weir Mitchell. The Great Exposition at Omaha, Charles Howard Walker. The Human Touch, Richard Burton. How Two Januaries Made a June, Mary A. 0. Clark. The Steerage of To-Day, H. Phelps Whitmarsh Gallops The Ride of His Life, The Popularity of Tompkins, David Gray. My Bedouin Friends-Adventures of an Artist in an Egyptian Desert, R. Talbot Kelly. An American Scholar-Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury, Brander Matthews. Vita Benefica, Alice Wellington Rollins. President Lincoln's Visiting Card-The Story of the Parole of a Confederate Officer, John M. Bullock. Love and Change, Richard Hovey. The United States Revenue-Cutter Service, Capt. H. D. Smith. The Manuscript of "Auld Lang Syne," Cuyler Reynolds. "Fill Me Fancy's Cell," John Vance Cheney. Ruskin as an Oxford Lecturer, James Manning Bruce. Br'er Coon in Old Kentucky, John Fox, Jr. How an Austrian Archduke Ruled an American Empire, Sara Y. Stevenson. The First and Last Writings of Washington, S. M. Hamilton. Flowers in the Pave, Charles M. Skinner. The Two Quick Devils of Totsuka, Chester Bailey Fernald. Currency Reforms, by a Member of the Monetary Commission, Robert S. Tavior. Topics of the Time. Open Letters. In Lighter Vein.

DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENTS.

CHATTANOOGA, FEBRUARY 22-24, 1898. TUESDAY MORNING, FEB 22-Addresses of welcome and response. The Township High School, State Supt. Baxter of New Jersey, State Supt. Emery of Wisconsin, and State Supt. Stetson of Maine. TUESDAY 2 P. M.-Educational Problems in the South, Normal School Training. Better Supervision for Southern Schools, What the Negro Gets from the Comm ́n Schools. TUESDAY 8 P. M. Report of the Committee on Elementary Schools, The Mission of the Elementary School WEDNESDAY 9:30 A. M.-What Can Child Study Contribute to the Science of Education? WEDNESDAY 2:30 P. M.-Lighting and Sea ing of School Rooms, Ventilation of School Rooms, Contagious Diseases. WEDNESDAY 8 P. M-The Influence of Music and Music Study upon Character, The Valne of the Tragic and the Comic in Education. THURSDAY 9:30 A. M. Vacation Schools, Continuous Sessions at Normal Schools. THURSDAY 2:30 P. M.-Grading and Promotion with Reference to Individual Needs, Some New England Plans and Conclusions, The North Denver Plan, The Eliza: beth (NJ) Plan. THURSDAY 8 P. M-Realizing the Final Aim of Education. The above is one of the best programs ever offered by the Department, and the meeting promises to be well attended.

THE NORTH WESTERN MONTHLY

A MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE CORRELATION OF EDUCATIONAL FORCES

Vol. VIII

XV.

MARCH, 1898

Studies in Literary Interpretation

SOME critics and many readers are confused

as to the distinction between certain lower forms of interpretation, and mere "Phrasing." It takes more than ordinary penetration, or at least unusual training to discriminate confidently and unerringly in such matters. There are men like Principal Shairp who denounce "a dressy literature, an exaggerated literature," and "a highly ornamented, not to say a meretricious style,"-meaning almost specifically such work of Tennyson's as exhibits his best interpretative technique, and yet would praise such lines as these from Wordsworth (The Excursion, Book IV.):

I have seen

A curious child, who dwelt upon a tract
Of inland ground, applying to his ear
The convolutions of a smooth-lipped shell.

Here the italic portions are of course nothing
but phrasing, and phrasing of a pestilently ef
feminate sort. I suppose there are but three
kinds of phrasing possible, the Brainless, the
Pedantic, and the Ironic or Burlesque. The
first sort is illustrated in such lisping and af-
fected refinements of speech as the dude's resi-
dence ("rethidenth") for the good and gloriously
sufficient Anglo-Saxon home. Whatever faults
of touch Tennyson may finally be adjudged to
have committed, he is certainly not afraid to
utter prose with brutal plainness when he has
nothing but prose to say. He could nowhere,
even in his days of youth and ignorance, have
written "dwelling on a tract of inland ground"
when the meaning was to be merely inland born,
or reared. Wordsworth's last line is a more
tolerable instance of phrasing proper, yet car-
ries upon its face sufficient evidence of its inor-
ganic quality. An extended expression of this
sort is legitimate when truly interpretative of
some recondite spiritual meaning, but never
when the purpose is merely, as here, to identify
an object.

No. 8

Wordsworth's lines in the lowest rank of phras

ing. Not that Wordsworth was idiotic, as some of his earlier critics guessed and declared. He simply lacked the power of virile conception and of strenuous diction, seen so typically in Browning, hence sometimes, as in Peter Bell, wrote deliberately below his level. The second, and next higher, sort of phrasing is not found much in literature of these days, though surviving considerably in oral English When I was a student in Yale College, there were some members of the faculty yet trying to talk in the eighteenth-century, Johnsonese fashion. I heard a professor once, conversing in a street car with the girl friend of a daughter lately married, answer an inquiry how this daughter was getting on in her housekeeping, with the deliver ance "Mabel has settled down in married life as calmly as a swan upon the bosom of a lake." Had he said "naturally," instead of "calmly," there would have been of course some interpretative point. But even then the expression would have been "phrasing," as is always the case when the matter is subordinated to the manner. All this man's conversation was of that outrageous quality, while his lectures were infinitely worse. Another professor, replying to a student's request for more time with a theme, remarked "I have no manner of doubt you have written sufficiently to enable me to judge of the excellency of your style." This man, however, in more deliberate and formal public utterance, used almost wholly simple and potent Anglo-Saxon terms.

This sort of pedantry, as has been said, is as good as dead in literary English. Now and then we hear a college fledgling talk somewhat in the "phrasing" strain. The good sense of the English speaking race has revolted from it betimes. Tennyson frequently shows signs of his Cambridge training, but seldom or never phrases in units so high as the clause or line. Open at random, and we are likely to find minor

Thus then, we are reluctantly enforced to set expressions such as these,-

That clad her like an April daffodilly;

Thro' stately theaters, benched crescent-wise;
Nor those horn-handed breakers of the glebe.
Melissa shook her doubtful curls.

But in adjudging cases of this kind we must take care to distinguish utterances that do not represent Tennyson, but which were put in to characterize some mind or mood of his creating. Thus the lines (Princess, I. 100,101),

Then, ere the silver sickle of that month Became her golden shield. were pretty surely intended to give us the hint, as long curls and weird seizures earlier, of the Prince's effeminancy and sentimentalism (they are arbitrarily altered later) at the opening of the poem. Again the Princess's phrasing (IV. 1), in

There sinks the nebulous star we call the sun, is certainly not to be taken as anything else than a degree hint of Ida's mood, measuring the lateness, as well as the completeness, of the

occupation with which scientific learning has

possessed her mind.

As an example of Ironic or Burlesque Phras ing, Pope's Song by a Person of Quality may be instanced. We shall remember that this poem has from the first been conned soberly, by many readers, without discovery of its mocking purpose and quality. Two stanzas from it will be sufficient here.

Fluttering spread thy purple pinions,
Gentle Cupid, o'er my heart,

I a slave in thy diminions;

Nature must give way to art.

Mild Arcadians, ever blooming,
Nightly nodding o'er your flocks,
See my weary days consuming,
All beneath yon flowery rocks.

The last two lines, taken in conjunction, should have always betrayed the nonsense of the whole. The "unit" is here the whole poem: or, more correctly, the first two stanzas comprise one ganglion or burden of nonsense, and the rest of the stanzas another. To compare with this

an effort in which the unit is reduced to the single line, I shall quote the following supreme il lustration,-furnished me by Superintendent Skinner, of Nebraska City, from I know not what source:

The light resounds across the hills,
The crumbling dew-drops fall,
The rippling rock the moon-beam fills,
The star-light spreads its pall.

Now gleams the ruddy sound afar, The evening zephyrs glow,

While from the lake a crimson star Sparkles like summer snow.

The beams of circumambient night Have wrapped their shadows round, And deep-toned darkness fills the sight Of all the world profound.

Very evidently all such masterpieces of burlesque are inspired by the desire to satirize, by exaggeration, the evil of subordinating sense to sound. Much of the first work of versifiers calls for no less drastic remedy.

XVI.

Of the other low denominations of literary value, it will probably not be necessary to say more than was said in naming them in the last paper. For an outrageous example of "Marinism" the interested reader might refer to Dryden's Upon the death of Lord Hastings, usually set at the opening of his collected poems. "Conceits" sometimes border close upon Marinism, but are usually distinguished by their cold and glittering intellectual quality. Young's suggestion of stars as seal rings upon the fingers of the Almighty is properly a conceit, but because of the rank sensationalism of the thought, must be accounted Marinistic.

We may as well close this paper with some reference to alleged faults in Tennyson's poetic style, some of which may have troubled close students of his work. J. Churton Collins, in Illustrations of Tennyson, p. 177, charges the author of The Princess with presenting commonplace things in "a euphemism which borders on the ridiculous." Very evidently there are some things about interpretative writing that this critic has not found written in his authorities. He takes exception to

the knightly growth that fringed his lips for a moustache, and

azure pillars of the hearth

for ascending smoke, etc. Both these are simply examples of the "Kindling Hint" or visualization, as explained in Professor Ansley's article, on another page, On the Teaching of English. In other words, Tennyson's purpose is, in neither case, to "substitute subtle suggestiveness for simplicity and directness of expression" -which this critic guesses is Tennyson's highest purpose anywhere-but to make the reader see a definite picture. There can be little question that each of these lines achieves its end!

L. A. SHERMAN.

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