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J. & A. CHURCHILL, NEW BURLINGTON, STREET.

British Journal of Dental Science.

No. 311.

LONDON, JANUARY 1, 1881. VOL. XXIV.

A COURSE OF LECTURES ON DENTAL ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY.
Delivered at the National Dental College during the Winter

Session, 1880.
By Thomas GADDES, L.D.S. Eng.
Lecturer also on the E ents of Histology; Assistant Dental
Surgeon to the National Dental Hospital.

LECTURE I. GENTLEMEN,–Our study of the anatomy and physiology of the teeth will be conducted in a manner which I have considered as perhaps the most systematic. With the endeavour to present the subject before you in as comprehensive and connected manner as possible I shall not regard the presumptuous animal-man-as possessing the typical or ideal dental apparatus ; but by surveying the animal kingdom, in which man finds a place, we may obtain numerous examples of progressive development and adaptation of dental organs for those

purposes wliich best fulfil the requirements of the several groups of animals. Then by studying the structure and functions, distribution and development of the dental tissues and organs, I shall aim to supply as best I can, a Synthetic Study of Odontology. To build up this subject strictly in that manner would, in the present state of our knowledge, be impossible. The object of these lectures being to impart information and to teach, rather than to set forth any flowery elocution at the expense of your time and of the duty undertaken by me, it will occasionally be expedient to resort to an analytic method of inquiry, so that our investigation into the more simple forms will be thereby facilitated.

As we shall have to study different members and groups of the animal kingdom, it will be advantageous to give you some general plan of the classification of animals, and the one here set forth is based upon the structure and function of the creatures so arranged; therefore it is termed a "morphological classification.". The orders, genera, and species are not fully worked out in the following tables, but the details will be found sufficiently complete for our present purpose : VOL. XXIV.

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SUB-KINGDOM-INVERTEBRATA.

ŞHydrozoa (Jellyfish, &e).
| Actinozail (Seit Anemones, Corals, &c.).
s Echinodermata (Sea Crehins, Starfish).
1 Scolecida (Tape-worm, Rotisera).
(Gephyrea (Spoon-worms).
Annelida (Leeches, Earth-worms, Sand-worms).
Chatognatha (Sagitta).
Crustacea (Shrimps, Lobster).
Arachnida (Spiders).

Myriapoda (Centipedes, Millipedes).
(Insecta (Beetles, Fleas, Flies).

Annulosa,

Primary Divisions of Mollusca.

Polyzoa (Sea-Mats).
Molluscoida

Tunicata (Ascidians).

Branchiopoda (Lamp.shells).
(Mollusca

Lamellibranchiata (Mussels, Cockles, Oysters).

Sub-class. (Mollusca propria Gasteropoda

poda Snails). Pteropoda (“ Butterflies of the deep"). Cephalopoda (Cuttle Fishes).

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