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INDEX

1007

CHA

bone's Parliament to suppress, 567;
reformed by Cromwell, 569; nature of
the decisions of, 605

Chantries, Act for the dissolution of,
412; their income vested in the king,
415
Charles, the Archduke, styles himsel
Charles III. King of Spain, 682; his
cause espoused by Catalonia, 684;
enters Madrid, 692; succeeds to his
trother's hereditary dominions, 692;
elected Emperor, 695; see Charles
VI. Emperor

Charles the Great, Emperor, 55, 63,
Charles the Simple, king of the West
Franks, 63; cedes Normandy to Hrolf,

80

Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria, claims

part of the dominions left to Maria
Theresa, 732; elected Emperor, as
Charles VII., 734.

Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, at-

tempts to drive the Austrians out of
Italy, 934; defeat and abdication of, 936
Charles Edward, see Pretender, the
Young

Charles Martel defeats the Mohamme

dans, 54

Charles I., intention of the Gunpowder
plotters to blow up, 483; proposals of
marriage for, 488; visits Spain, 497;
is eager for war with Spain, 500;
negotiation for marriage with Henri-
etta Maria, 501; becomes king and
marries Henrietta Maria, 502; ad-
journs his first parliament to Oxford,
ib.; dissolves his first parliament and
sends out the Cadiz expedition, 503;
meets his second Parliament, ib.; dis-
solves his second Parliament, 505;
orders the collection of a forced loan,
506; meets his third Parliament, 508;
consents to the Petition of Right, 509;
claims a right to levy Tonnage and
Poundage, 510; issues a declaration on
the Articles, 512; dissolves his third
Parliament, 513; his personal govern-
ment, 514; levies knighthood fines,
515 insists on the reading of the
Declaration of Sports, 517; levies
fines for encroaching on forests, 523;
levies ship money, ib.; imposes a new
prayer-book on Scotland, 525; leads
an army against the Scots, 526; con-
sults Wentworth, 527; makes Went-
worth Earl of Strafford, and summons
the Short Parliament, 528; dissolves
the Short Parliament, marches again
against the Scots, and summons the
Long Parliament, 529; assents to the
Triennial Act, 530; signs a commis-
sion for Strafford's execution, 531;
visits Scotland, 532; returns to Eng-
land, 534 rejects the Grand Remon-
strance, 535; attempts to arrest the
five members, 536; fights at Edgehill,
537; his plan of campaign, ib.; be-
sieges Gloucester, and fights at New-

CHA

bury, 539; looks to Ireland for help,
541; sends Rupert to relieve York,
543; compels Essex's infantry to sur-
render at Lostwithiel, and fights again
at Newbury, 544: is defeated at
Naseby, 548; attempts to join Mont-
rose, 549; sends Glamorgan to Ireland,
ib.; gives himself up to the Scots,
551; negotiates at Newcastle, ib. ; ex-
plains his plans to the Queen, 552;
conveyed to Holmby House, 553; con-
ducted by Joyce to Newmarket, 555;
attempt of Cromwell to come to an
understanding with, 555; takes refuge
in the Isle of Wight, and enters into
the Engagement with the Scots, 556;
removed to Hurst Castle, 557; trial
of, 559 execution of, 560

Charles II., as Prince of Wales, pos-
sesses himself of part of the fleet, 557;
lands in Scotland, 563; escapes to
France, 564; offers a reward for Crom-
well's murder, 569; issues the declara-
tion of Breda, 575; restoration of,
578; confirms Magna Carta, ib. ; cha-
racter of, 579; leaves the government
to Hyde, 580; revenue voted to, 582;
approves a scheme of modified episco-
pacy, 583; keeps a small armed force,
584; retains three regiments on paying
off the army, ib.: profligacy of the
court of, 586; issues a declaration in
favour of toleration, 587; marriage of,
and sale of Dunkirk by, ib.; dismisses
Clarendon, 594; favours the Roman
Catholics, 598; thinks of tolerating
dissenters, and supports Buckingham
and Arlington, 599; agrees to the
treaty of Dover, 600; supports the
Cabal, 602; extravagance of, 603;
issues a Declaration of Indulgence,
604; goes to war with the Dutch,
605; withdraws the Declaration of
Indulgence, 606; assents to the Test
Act, 607; dismisses Shaftesbury and
makes peace with the Dutch, 608;
supports Danby, 610; receives a pen-
sion from Louis XIV., 611; is inte-
rested in commerce, 612; refuses to
make war on France, 613; threatens
France with war, 614; dissolves the
Cavalier Parliament, 616; dissolves
the first Short Parliament, 617; sup-
ports his brother's claim to the crown,
against Shaftesbury, 618; prorogues
the second Short Parliament, 619;
dismisses Shaftesbury, 620; dissolves
the second and third Short Parlia-
ments, 621; plot to murder, 625;
death of, 627; constitutional progress
in the reign of, ib.

Charles II., king of Spain, bad health
of, 592; death of, 671
Charles III., king of Spain, renews the
Family Compact, 766

Charles IV., king of France, death of, 232
Charles IV., king of Spain, his rela-
tions with his son, 862; dethroned, 863

CHA

Charles V., Emperor, as king of Spain
becomes the rival of Francis I., 366;
vast inheritance of, 369; is chosen
emperor, ib. : goes to war with France,
371; captures Francis I. at Pavia,
372; liberates Francis I., 374; allies
himself with Henry VIII., 405; makes
peace with France at Crêpy, 406; de-
fends Mary's mass, 417; abdication
of, 426

Charles V., king of France, opposes the
English in Spain, 255; summons the
Black Prince to Paris, 256; renews
the war against the English, ib.; avoids
a battle, 257

Charles VI., Emperor, dies after leaving

his dominions to Maria Theresa, 732
Charles VI., king of France, defeats the
Flemings, 278; allies himself with
Richard II., 282; loses his senses, 295;
disinherits the Dauphin, 306; dies, 307
Charles VII., king of France, as Dau-
phin, falls into the hands of the Armag-
nacs, 303; is present at the murder of
John, Duke of Burgundy, 305; is dis-
inherited, 306; claims to succeed to
the crown at his father's death, 307;
his weakness, 309; is helped by the
Maid of Orleans, 310; is crowned, 311;
consents to a truce, 317; renews the
war, 320

Charles VIII., king of France, succeeds
to the crown, 348; invades Italy, 352;
death of, 354.

Charles IX., king of France, accession
of, 433: takes part in the massacre of
St. Bartholomew, 449; death of, 450
Charles X., king of France, overthrow
of, 898

Charlotte, Princess, death of, 881
Charterhouse, the persecution of the
monks of, 393

Chartists, the, demands of. 923; violence
of, 924; meet on Kennington Common
to present a monster petition, 935
Château Gaillard built by Richard I.,
165; lost by John, 354
Chatham, Earl of, Prime Minister, 773;
illness of, ib.; recovers his health, and
takes up the cause of Wilkes, 776;
resigns office, 774; declares for Par-
liamentary reform, 777; death of, 787;
see Pitt, William (the elder)
Chaucer, Geoffrey, his Canterbury
Tales, 270; influences of the Renas-
cence on, 367

Cherbourg, expedition against, 753
Cheriton, battle of, 542

Chester (see Deva) submits to William

I., 103.

Cheyt Sing, Hastings demands a con-

tribution from, 804

Chinon, Henry II. dies at, 157

Chippenham, treaty of, 59
Chivalry, 235

Chocolate, introduction of, 630

Christ Church, at Canterbury, privileges
of, 177; expulsion of the monks of, 178

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of

Churchill, Lord, see Marlborough, Duke

of
Cinque Ports, the, 218
Cintra, convention of, 864
Cirencester, see Corinium
Cistercians, the, introduced into Eng-
land, 129; decline of asceticism
amongst, 167; are fined by John, 179
City of the violated treaty, the, 657
Ciudad Rodrigo, siege of, 869
Clare, Gilbert de, see Gloucester, Earl of
Clare, Richard de, see Strongbow
Clare, Richard de, see Gloucester, Earl
of

Clarence, George, Duke of, brother of
Edward IV., created a duke, 329;
quar-
marries Warwick's daughter, and
rels with Edward IV., 332; put to
death, 336

Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, sent to Ire
land 265

Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, brother of
Henry IV., killed at Baugé, 306
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of,
as Edward Hyde is one of the leaders
of the Anti-Presbyterian party in the
Long Parliament, 533: becomes Lord
Chancellor after the Restoration, 580.
character of, ib.; created Earl of
Clarendon, 587; is falsely supposed to
be bribed, ib.; fall of, 594; escapes to
France, 595

Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of,
recalled from Ireland, 640
Clarendon, the Constitutions of, 144; the
assize of, 146

Clarkson, publishes evidence against the
slave trade, 823

Claudius, the Emperor, plans the con-
quest of Britain, 13
Claverhouse, see Graham, John
Clement VII., Pope, forms an Italian
league against Charles V., 374; ap-
points legates to try the divorce suit
of Henry VIII, 382; revokes the
cause to Rome, 383; gives sentence
in favour of Catharine, 390
Clergy, the, see Ecclesiastical Courts,
England, Church of

Clergy, the country, 633

Clericis Laicos, the Bull named, 220
Clifford, Lord, stabs the Earl of Rutland,
328
Clifford, Thomas, Lord, a member of
the Cibal, 602; probable suggester of

INDEX

COM

1009

CLI

the Stop of the Exchequer, 604; resig.
nation of, 607

Clinton, Sir Henry, fails to co-operate
with Burgoyne, 786; takes Charleston,
788
Clive, Robert, his career in Northern
India, 761; subjugates Bengal, 762;
is astonished at his own moderation,
764; his return to England and second
visit to Bengal, 801
Clontarf, repealers prohibited from meet-
ing at, 928

Closterseven, the Convention of, 752
Cluny, clerical celibacy inculcated at, 67;
reforms originated at, 107
Cnut, reign of, 83-85

Coaches, improvement in, 633
Coalition Ministry, the, of Fox and
North, 800; of Pitt and the Whigs,
828; of the Whigs and Peelites,

943

Cobbett, pamphlets of, 879

Cobden, a leader of the Anti-Corn-Law
League, 924; opposes a war with China,
955: suggests a commercial treaty with
France, 958
Cobham, Eleanor, mistress and wife of
the Duke of Gloucester, 315; does pen.
ance for witchcraft, 316
Coffee-houses, introduction of, 630
Coinage debased by Henry VIII., 409;
further debased by Somerset, 416
Coke, Sir Edward, takes part in drawing
up the Petition of Right, 508
Colchester, execution of the Abbot of,
400; reduced by Fairfax, 567
Colet promotes the study of Greek, and
founds St. Paul's School, 367
Coligny, murder of, 449

College invents the Protestant flail, 615;
condemned to death, 622

Colleges, first foundation of, at Oxford,

207

Colman disputes with Wilfrid, 50
Colonial expansion, 966
Colonies founded in Virginia and New
England, 489; in Carolina, 629
Columba founds a monastery at lona, 47
Columbus discovers the West Indies, 354
Combination laws, the, modification of,

886

Commerce between Britain and Gaul,
8, 12; between England and Gaul,
38; under the Angevin kings, 168;
under Edward I., 211; under Edward
III., 235, 236; under Henry VII.,

351

Committee of Both Kingdoms, formation
of, 542
Common Pleas, establishment of a sepa-

rate Court of, 212
Common Prayer, the Bock of, beginnings
of, 409, 410; the first, of Edward VI.,
415; the second, of Edward VI., 418;
alterations in, in Elizabeth's reign,
429; Strickland proposes to amend,
445; generally accepted by the Par
liamentary Presbyterians, 586

Commons, the House of (see Parlia
ment), finally separated from the
Lords, 243; struggle of, against unpar
liamentary taxation, 244; importance
of the constitution of, 245; supported
by the Black Prince, 261; influence
over the elections of, 281; proposes to
confiscate Church property, 294; ad
dressed by Edward IV., 29; Wolsey's
appearance in, 371; made use of by
Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII.,
389; Elizabeth's relations with, 444:
Puritanism of, 445; growing strength
of, 468; its tendencies to Puritanism
rather than to Presbyterianism, 470;
attack on monopolies by, 478; quar-
rels with James I., 482; anxious to
go to war for the Palatinate, 490;
votes a small supply, 491; brings
charges against Bacon, 495; is eager
for war with Spain, 500; refuses sup-
plies to Charles I., unless spent by
counsellors in whom it confides, 502;
impeaches Buckingham, 504, 505;
insists on the Petition of Right, 508;
claims Tonnage and Poundage, 510;
religious ideas prevailing in, 511; its
breach with the king, 513; violent
scene before the dissolution of, 514;
formation of parties in, 532; scene in,
at the passing of the Grand Remon-
strance, 534; Presbyterian majority in,
546; new elections to, 551; a mob in
possession of, 555; the Agitators pro-
pose to purge, 556; Pride's purge of,
557; declares itself supreme, ib.; con-
stitutes a high court of justice, 558; dis-
solved by Cromwell, 566; inquires into
the expenditure of the crown, and im-
peaches Clarendon, 594 impeaches
Danby, 616; the Exclusion Bill in,
617, 621 Tory majority in, 636;
James II. attempts to pack, 641: dis-
cusses the abdication of James II.,
646; attacks the Irish grants of
William III, 670; imprisons the
bearers of the Kentish Petition, 675:
Walpole's determination to rely on,
710; corruption in, 714; establishment
of the freedom of reporting the de-
bates of, 779.
Commonwealth, the, establishment of,
561
Communion table, Laud's wish to fix
at the east end, 517; decision of the
Privy Council on the position of, 519;
removed by the soldiers, 529
Comprehension favoured by some of the
clergy, 598; attempt of Charles II. to
establish, 599

Comprehension Bill, the, is not passed,
651

Compton, Bishop of London, refuses to
suspend Dr. Sharp, 639

Compton, Sir Spencer, thought of as
Walpole's successor, 720: succeeds
Walpole and becomes Earl of Wil-
mington, 731

D

1010

COM

Compurgation, system of, 32; set aside
by Henry II., 146, 147

Comyn, John (the Red), slain by Bruce,

224

Con, Papal agent at the court of Henri-
etta Maria, 521

Concord, attempt to seize arms at, 783
Confederate Catholics of Ireland, the,
cessation of hostilities with, 541
Confederation of the Rhine, the, 856
Confirmatio Cartarum, 221

Congé d'élire, provision for the issue of,
391

Congress, of twelve colonies, 782; of
thirteen colonies, 783.

Connaught, proposed plantation of, 528
Conrad III., Emperor, takes part in the
second Crusade, 157

Conservative party, the, origin of the
name of, 909

Constance of Brittany marries Geoffrey,

155

Constantine takes an army from Britain,

25

Constantine, king of the Scots, allies
himself with Eadward, 63
Constantine the Great becomes sole
Emperor, 22; acknowledges Chris-
tianity as the religion of the Empire, 23
Constantinople taken by the Turks, 366
Constantius, the Emperor, 22
Constitutions of Clarendon, 144; re-
nounced by Henry II., 153
Continental system, the, 859; failure of,
868

Conventicle Act, the, 588

Convention Parliament, the first, 577;
the second, 646; the dissolution of the
second, 656

Convocation of the province of Canter-
bury offers money for a pardon, 385:
agrees to the submission of the clergy,
386

Convocations of the clergy vote money,

219

Conway, Edward I. builds a castle at,

210

Coote, Colonel (afterwards Sir Eyre),

wins a victory at Wandewash, 764;
defeats Hyder Ali at Porto Novo, 805
Cope, Sir John, defeated at Preston
Pans, 740

Copenhagen, battlef, 845; bombard-
ment of, 860

Corinium (Cirenceste.), West Saxon
conquest of, 35

Cornish, the, derivation of the old lan-
guage of, 7; submit to Ecgberht, 55
Corn-law, the, passing of, 875; modifi-
cation of, 926

Cornwall, insurrection in, 415
Cornwallis, Lord, drives Washington
out of New Jersey, 784; defeats Yates
at Camden, 788; routs Green at
Guilford, 792; surrenders at York-
town, 794: Governor-General of India,
811; defeats Tippoo, 837; Lord-Lieu.
tenant of Ireland, 841

CRO

Corporation Act, the, 585; repeal of, 895
Corporations, remodelling of the, 625
Corunna, battle of, 864

Cotentin, the, sold to Henry, 119
Cotton-famine, the, 959
Cotton-spinning, improvements in, 815
Council of State, the, appointment of,
561

County courts derived from the shire-
moots, 141

Courtenay, Bishop of London, supported
by the citizens against Lancaster, 263
Covenant, the Scottish National, 525, see
Solemn League and Covenant
Covenanters, the rise of, 619; insurrec-
tion of, 620

Coverdale translates the New Testa
ment, 396

Cowper, Lord, becomes Chancellor, 68;
Craggs, Postmaster-General, poisons
himself, 712

Craggs, Secretary of State, death of, 712
Cranfield, see Middlesex, Earl of
Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury,
pronounces Catharine's marriage to
be null, 389; is forced to dismiss his
wife, 400;
composes the English
litany, 409; character and position of,
413; wishes to preserve the revenue
of the chantries for the poor clergy,
415; tries to find common ground with
the Zwinglian reformers, 416; leaves
his mark on the Prayer Book, 418;
supports Lady Jane Grey, 420; burnt,

Crecy, battle of, 241, 242
Crêpy, peace of, 406

Cressingham, Sir Hugh, governs Scot-
land in the name of Edward I., 219
Crimean War, the, origin of, 943; course
of, 944-8

Crompton, invents the mule' for spin-
ning, 815

Cromwell, Oliver, practical sagacity
of, 539; introduces discipline in the
Eastern Association, 540: defeats the
royalists at Winceby, 542; fights at
Marston Moor, 543: advocates tolera-
tion, ib.; accuses Manchester, 544:
becomes Lieutenant-General of the
New Model Army, 545: cuts off the
king's supplies, 547; wins the victory
at Naseby, 548; reduces Winchester
and Basing House, 549: proposes to
leave England, 554; gives instructions
to Cornet Joyce, 555: attempts to
come to an understanding with Charles,
ib.; puts down a mutiny in the army,
556; suppresses a rising in Wales and
defeats the Scots at Preston, 557: sup-
presses the Levellers, 562; his cam-
paign in Ireland, ib.; his victory at
Dunbar, 563; his victory at Worces
ter, 564: dissolves the Long Parlia
ment, 566; opens the Barebone's Par
liament, 567; becomes Protector, 568:
plots against, 569; ecclesiastical ar-
rangements of, ib.; convenes and dis-

Cr

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solves his first Parliament, 570: esta-
blishes major-generals, ib.; foreign
policy of, 571; calls a second Parlia
ment, 572; joins France against Spain,
ib.; dissolves his second Parliament,
573; makes war against Spain, ib.;
death of, 574

Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to the
Protectorate, 574; abdicates, 575.
Cromwell, Thomas, advises Henry VIII.
to rely on the House of Commons, 385:
becomes the king's secretary, and vicar-
general, 393; attacks the monks of the
Charterhouse, ib.; inquires into the
state of the monasteries, 394; attacks
the greater monasteries, 397; execu-
tion of, 401

Cropredy Bridge, battle of, 544
Crown, the, see King

Crown Point taken by Amherst, 753
Crusade, the first, 120; the second, 157;
the third, 161; against the Albigeois,
193; the seventh, 204

Cuba, reduction of, 766

Cumberland, origin of the name of, 37;

annexed by William II., 119; left to
David I., 133; regained by Henry II.,

140

Cumberland, Duke of, heads the British
column at Fontenoy, 739; sent against
the Young Pretender, 741; defeats
him at Culloden, 742; his cruelty to
the Highlanders, ib.; being defeated
at Hastenbeck, signs the Convention
of Closterseven, 752,
Cunedda, extensive rule of, 37
Cunobelin, government of, 12
Curia Regis, the, organised under
Henry I., 127; strengthened by Henry
II., 141; powers assigned by the Con-
stitutions of Clarendon to, 145; orders
the appointment of recognitors, 147;
divided into three courts, 212
Customs on imports and exports under
Edward I., 211, 221

Cutha, 35

Cymbeline, original of Shakespeare's, 12
Cynric captures Sorbiodunum, 34
Cyprus ceded to England, 970

DALHOUSIE, Earl of, policy of, as
Governor-General of India, 950
Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, as
Sir T. Osborne, becomes Lord
Treasurer, 607: policy of, 610; fails
to pass a Non-resistance Bill, 611;
promotes the marriage of William of
Orange, 613; impeachment of, 616:
imprisonment of, 617; liberated, 626;
rises in support of William, 645; re-
commends that the crown be given to
Mary, 646

Danegeld, levy of, 81; abolition of, 143
Danelaw, the, formation of, 59

Danes, the, invade England, 58; make

peace with Ælfred, 59; extent of the
settlements of, 62; are amalgamated

DES

with the English, 64; relations of
Dunstan with, 67; reappear as in-
vaders, 79; conquer England, 81-83;
settle in Ireland, 152

Darc, Jeanne, delivers Orleans, 310;
conducts Charles VII. to Rheims, 311;
martyrdom of, 312

Darien expedition, the, 671
Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, marries
Mary, 438; murder of, 439.

Darvel Gathern, burning of the wooden
figure of, 398

Darwin, his Origin of Species, 940
David I., king of the Scots, invades
England, 131

David II. (Bruce), king of Scotland, 232;
takes refuge with Philip VI., 234;
restoration of, 240; taken prisoner at
Nevill's Cross, 242; restored by Ed-
ward III., 252

David, brother of Llewelyn, executed,

140

David, Earl of Huntingdon, 215
David, St., piety of, 42

Davison sends the warrant for Mary's
execution, 457; dismissal of, 458

De Grasse, Admiral, blockades York-
town, 794; defeated by Rodney, 795
Declaration of Breda, see Breda, Decla-
ration of

Declaration of Independence, the Ame-
rican, 784

Declaration of Indulgence issued by
Charles II., 604; withdrawn by
Charles II., 606; issued by James II.,
640; reissued, 642

Declaration of Rights, the, 647
Declaration of Sports, the, ordered to be
read in churches, 517
Decorated style, the, 247

Defender of the Faith, title of, 379
Degsastan, Ethelfrith's victory at, 42
Deira, formation of the kingdom of, 36;
is merged for a time in North-humber-
land, 41; accepts Christianity, 46; is
finally merged in North-humberland,
48; Danish kingdom of, 62, 63
Delhi, siege of, 953; recovery of, 954
Denain, battle of, 696

Deorham, battle of, 35

Derby, arrival of the Highlanders at,

740

Derby, Earl of (son of John of Gaunt),
opposes Richard II., 279; defeats the
Duke of Ireland, 280; becomes Duke
of Hereford, and is banished, 283; suc-
ceeds to the Duchy of Lancaster, 284;
and forces Richard II. to abdicate,
285; see Henry IV.

Derby, Earl of, becomes Prime Minis-
ter, 938; resignation of, 939; Prime
Minister for the second time, 956;
Prime Minister for the third time,
961; resignation of, 962

Dermot invites Strongbow to Ireland, 152
Derwentwater, Earl of, beheaded, 705
Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of,
insurrection and death of, 453

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