1013

EAD

wealth and, ib. peace with, 569; first
war between Charles II. and, 589;
military weakness of, 591; treaty of
Breda with, 593; takes part in the
Triple Alliance, 599; combination of
. England and France against, 600;
towns to be taken from, ib.; the second
war between Charles II. and, 605;
resists Louis XIV., ib.; animosity of
Shaftesbury against, 606; peace made
by England with, 608; makes peace
with France at Nymwegen, 614; Marl
borough's relations with, 678; effect of
the war of the Spanish Succession on,
697; resists the right of search, 792;
makes peace with Great Britain, 798;
receives the name-of the Batavian Re-
public, 835; its fleet defeated at
Camperdown, 837

EADGAR, reign of, 67
Eadgar, king of the Scots, 121
Eadgar the Etheling, early years of, 90;
chosen king, 98; is abandoned, 100
Eadgyth married to Eadward the Con-
fessor, 87

Eadgyth married to Henry I., 122; is
known as Matilda, 124
Eadmund Ironside, 83

Eadmund, king of East Anglia, killed
by the Danes, 58

Eadmund, king of the English, 63
Eadred, king of the English, 64
Eadward the Confessor, his life in
Normandy, 85; is chosen king, 86;
his relations with Godwine, 87; makes
William his heir, 88; dies, 91
Eadward the Elder, reign of, 62; his
relations with the Scots, 63
Eadward the Etheling, death of, 90
Eadward the Martyr, 78

Eadwig, reign of, 64; his quarrel with
the clergy, 65; his marriage and death,
67
Eadwine, king of North-humberland,
greatness of, 43; marries Æthelburh,
44; is converted and slain, 46
Eadwine, son of Elfgar, becomes Earl
of the Mercians, 90; is present at
Eadgar's election, 98; submits to
William, 102; is murdered, 103
Eadwinesburh, see Edinburgh
Ealdhelm as a builder and teacher, 51
Ealdormen, the, are the leaders of the
English conquerors, 30; preside over
the folk-moot, 33; growing power of,
73; their position under Ethelred the
Unready, 79,

Ealdred, Archbishop of York, crowns
William I., 100

Earl, title of, derivation of, 64
Earldoms under Cnut, 83; diminished

after the Norman Conquest, 105
Early English architecture, 171
East Anglia, first settlement of, 28;
growth of, 36; comparative weakness

EDW

of, 41; its relations with Ecgberht, 55;
overrun by the Danes, 58

East India Company, the, charter
granted to, 758; early acquisitions of,
ib.; receives the zemindary of the
district round Calcutta, 764; receives
the dewanni of Bengal, Behar, and
Orissa, 801; North's Regulating Act
organising the powers of, 802; bill
directed by Fox and Burke against,
806; Pitt's restrictions on, 808; com-
plete overthrow of the authority of,

954

East Saxons establish themselves to the
north of the Thames, 28; capture
London, 35; see Essex

Easter, dispute on the mode of keeping, 50
Eastern Association, the, formation
of, 539; Cromwell's activity in, 540;
Manchester in command of the army
of, 542

Ebbsfleet, landing of the Jutes at, 27;
landing of Augustine at, 39

Ecclesiastical Commission, the, esta-
blished by James II., 639; abolition
of, 644

Ecclesiastical courts, jurisdiction of, 106:
conflict of Henry II. with, 142; attacks
on, 385

Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, the, 937
Ecgberht, at the court of Charles the
Great, 53; becomes king of the West
Saxons, and over-lord of the other
kingdoms, 55

Economical Reform, bill for, 789; pass-
ing of a bill for, 795
Edgehill, battle of, 537
Edinburgh, Eadwine builds the castle
of, 43: occupied by the Scots, 68;
burnt by Hertford, 409; treaty of, 433;
riot in St. Giles's in, 525; Montrose
executed at, 563; surrenders to Crom-
well, ib.; the Duke of Gordon holds out
in the castle of, 652; the Young Pre-
tender welcomed at, 740

Edmund Crouchback, second son of
Henry III., named king of Sicily and
Naples, 196; supposed primogeniture
of, 286

Education in the time of Alfred, 61;
in the time of Dunstan, 65; carried on
at Oxford, 167, 207; public action of
the Melbourne ministry in providing
for, 920; Forster introduces a new
system of, 963

Edward I., appeal of the Knights Bache-
lors to, 199; taken prisoner at Lewes,
201; defeats Earl Simon at Evesham,
203; takes part in the seventh Crusade,
204: becomes king, 208; constitutional
position of, 209; his dealings with
Wales, 210; finance of, 211; judicial
reforms and legislation of, 212; ar-
ranges for a personal union between
England and Scotland, 214; erects the
Eleanor crosses, 215; awards the Scot-
tish crown to John Balliol, 216; his
relations with Philip IV., 218; sum-

ELL

Ellenborough, Lord, sends Sir Charles
Napier to conquer Sindh, 950
Elmet conquered by Eadwine, 43
Emma marries Ethelred, 81,

Empire, the Western, revived by Charles
the Great, 55

Empson and Dudley, exactions of, 357;
execution of, 363

in-

Encumbered Estates Act, the, 934
Engagement, the, between Charles I.
and the Scottish Commissioners, 556
England, early social and political insti
tutions of, 29-32; contrasted with
Gaul, 37; commerce with Gaul re-
newed by, 38; Christianity introduced
into, 39; growing power of three
kingdoms in, 41; character of the later
conquests in, 44; political changes in,
45; spread of Christianity in, 49;
fluence of Church Councils on the
political unity of, 52; Ecgberht's over-
lordship in, 55; attacks of the North-
men and Danes on, 56; its condition
under Ælfred, 60; its relations with
Scotland, 63, 68; development of the
institutions of, 69; Danish conquest
of, 79-83; Norman conquest of, 96-103;
Norman constitution of, 113; civil war
in, 134; pacification of, 137; adminis-
trative reforms of Henry II. in, 140;
made tributary to the Papacy, 180;
military reforms in, 154; effect of the
reign of Henry II. on, 158; constitu-
tional result of the administration of
Hubert Walter in, 163; growth of
learning in, 167; growth of commerce
in, 168; architectural changes in, 170;
the Barons' Wars in, 200-203; archi-
tectural and literary growth in, 206,
207; complete national unity of, 208;
completion of the Parliamentary con-
stitution of, 218, 220, 228, 243; relieved
of tribute to the Papacy, 258; social
and moral condition of, during the
Wars of the Roses, 330
England, the Church of, Wilfrid's in-
fluence on, 50; parochial organisation
of, ib.; its close connection with the
State, 52; councils of, ib.; organisation
of, after the Norman Conquest, 106:
its relations with Stephen, 134; and
with Henry II., 149; result of the
Angevin reigns on, 166; Papal exac-
tions resisted by, 194; payments ex-
acted from, 197; temporary Parlia
mentary representation of the clergy
of, 219; taxation resisted by the clergy
of, 220; social condition of, 236; supports
Henry IV., 291; members of noble
families in the episcopate of, ib.;
procures a statute for burning here-
tics, 292; proposal to confiscate the
property of, 294; relations of Henry
VIII. with, 377; dealings of Henry
VIII. with, 386; the clergy acknow-
ledge the king supreme head of, 386;
becomes more national, 391; Parlia-
ment acknowledges the king to be

EXC

1015

supreme head of, 393; Cranmer's
position in, 413; ecclesiastical changes
in, 414 issue of the first Prayer Book
of Edward VI. for, 415: Zwinglian
teaching in, 416; issue of the second
Prayer Book of Edward VI. for, 418;
reconciled to the see of Rome, 424:
Elizabeth's settlement of, 429: position
of, during Parker's archbishopric, 430;
Presbyterian movement in, 446; Pres-
byterianism adopted by the Assembly
of Divines for, 543; restoration of
episcopacy in, 583; proposal to esta-
blish a modified episcopacy in, ib.;
promise of James II. to protect, 634
English, the, origin of the name of, 28;
nature of their conquest of Britain, 29;
village settlements of, ib. ; division of
ranks among, ib.; effect of the con-
quest of Britain on the language of,
31; early political organisation of, ib.;
early judicial system of, 32; position
of, under William I., 104 support
William II., 115; support Henry I.,
124; cease to be distinguished from
Normans, 155; reappearance of their
language in literature, 207; predomi
nance of their language, 258
Eorls, distinguished from Ceorls, 29;
their relation to Gesiths, 30
Erse, a Goidelic language, 7
Eskimos, compared with paleolithic

men, 3

Essay on Woman, 770

Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of, suicide of,
625

Essex, Frances, Countess of, divorce and
remarriage of, 486

Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl
of, joins in the capture of Cadiz, 464;
sent to Ireland, 475; placed in confine-
ment on his return, 476; insurrection
of, 477 trial and execution of, 478
Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl of,
divorce of, 486; appointed general of
the Parliamentary army, 537; com-
mands at Edgehill, ib. ; takes Reading,
538; relieves Gloucester and commands
at the first battle of Newbury, 539:
escapes from Lostwithiel, 544; resigns,

545

Essex, Saxon settlement in, 28; is de-
pendent on Kent, and accepts Chris-
tianity, 40; relapses into heathenism,
41; comparative weakness of, ib.
Eugene, Prince, fights in Italy, 680;
combines with Marlborough at Blen-
heim, 682; raises the siege of Turin,
684 attacks Toulon, 689: combines
with Marlborough at Malplaquet, 690;
recalled by the Archduke Charles,
695 defeated at Denain, 696
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, visits
Eadward the Confessor, 87

Eustace, son of Stephen, death of, 137
Evesham, battle of, 203

Exchequer, the, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 127; disorganised under

1016

EXC

Stephen, 134; reorganised under
Henry II., 140; establishment of a se-
parate Court of, 212

Excise Bill, the, brought in by Walpole,
722; withdrawn, 724

Exclusion Bill, the, brought in, 617;
rejected by the House of Lords, 621;
lost by dissolution, ib.

Exeter taken by William I., 102; be-
sieged by Fairfax, 549

Exeter, Henry Courtenay, Marquis of,
executed, 399

Exhibition, the Great, 937

Expenditure of the Crown, parliamentary
inquiry into, 593

FACTORY ACT, the first, 911;

of the, 927

Factory system, the, 876

Faddiley, battle of, 35

Fairfax, Ferdinando,

extension

in

second Lord,
defeated at Adwalton Moor, 538
Fairfax, Thomas, third Lord Fairfax,
as Sir Thomas Fairfax, is defeated at
Adwalton Moor, 538; wins a victory
at Nantwich, 542; appointed General
of the New Model army, 545; re-
lieves Taunton, 547; commands at
Naseby, 548; follows up his successes,
548, 549; reduces the king's army
Cornwall, 550; proposed as
mander of the forces retained after
the disbandment of the army, 553;
as Lord Fairfax, puts down the rising
in Kent and takes Colchester, 557;
absents himself from the High Court
of Justice, 559; refuses to command
in the war against Charles II., 563;
joins Monk, 576

com-

Falaise, Treaty of, 154; abandoned by
Richard I., 159

Falkirk, Wallace defeated at, 222
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, one
of the leaders of the anti-Presbyterian
party in the Long Parliament, 533;
death of, 539

Family Compact, the, signature of, 725;

renewal of, 737; second renewal of, 766
Faukes de Breauté, banishment of, 187
Fawkes, Guy, takes part in the Gun-
powder Plot, 483

Felton, John, affixes the Pope's ex-
communication to the door of the
Bishop of London's house, 442
Felton, John, murders the Duke of
Buckingham, 510

Fenians, the, 962

Ferdinand I.. Emperor, inherits the

German territories of Charles V., 426
Ferdinand II., Emperor, loses and re-
gains the crown of Bohemia, 490
Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, marries
Isabella of Castile, 349; Italian wars
of, 363; conquers Navarre, 364; death
of, 366
Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, restored
to power by a French army, 882

FOU

Ferdinand of Brunswick, Prince com-
mands in Hanover, 752; defeats the
French at Minden, 756
Ferry Bridge, skirmish at, 429
Feudal dues, bargain offered by James
I. for, 484; abolition of, 582
Feudality, early forms of, 81; after the
Norman Conquest, 104; organised by
William I., 113; Flambard's further
organisation of, 116; ideas of Edward
I. on, 214

Field of the Cloth of Gold, the, 369
Fielding, writes Tom Jones, 746
Fifth-Monarchy men, 567; oppose
Cromwell, 569

Finchley, the march to, 740
Fire of London, the, 592

First of June, battle of the, 828
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, opposes the
divorce of Henry VIII., 382; sent to
the Tower, 392; execution of, 394
Fitzgerald, Flogging, 840
Fitzmaurice, Sir James, lands in Ireland,

452

Fitz-Osbern, William, oppresses the
English, 102

Fitzwilliam, Earl, enters Pitt's cabinet,
828; his mission to Ireland, 832
Five Articles of Perth, the, 525
Five Boroughs, the, 62

Five Knights' case, the, 507
Five Members, the, 535; brought back
to Westminster, 536
Five Mile Act, the, 590
Flambard, Ranulf, tyranny of, 116; im-
prisonment of, 122; escapes, 124
Flamsteed, astronomer, 632
Flanders, commercial intercourse with,
211; Edward I. in, 221; alliance of
Edward III. with, 235; falls under
the control of France, 278
Fleetwood named General by the army,

575

Flemings emigrate to Wales, 128; in-
troduced as weavers by Edward III.,
236
Fleurus, Luxembourg's victory at, 657
Fleury, Cardinal, ministry of, 718
Flodden, battle of, 364

Florida, ceded by Spain to England,
766; restored to Spain, 798
Folk-moot, functions of the, 33
Fontenoy, battle of. 739
Forest, Friar, burnt, 398
Forests, the, fines for encroaching on,
523; the king's claims on, limited, 531
Forster, introduces a new system of
education, 964; introduces a bill for
the use of the ballot, 966; Irish policy
of, 971; resignation of, 16.
Fort Duquesne, built by the French,
748; taken by the British, 753
FortSt. George built,758

Fort William built by East India Com-
pany, 758
Fotheringhay, execution of Mary Stuart
at, 458

Fountains Abbey, 129