1022

HEN

Henry VIII., character of, 361; marries
Catharine of Aragon, 363; foreign
policy of, ib.; promotes Wolsey. ib. ;
favours More, 368; meets Francis I.
on the Field of the Cloth of Gold,
369 has Buckingham executed, ib.;
invades France, 371; his views on his
relations with the Church, 377; is
named Defender of the Faith, 379;
thinks of obtaining a divorce, ib.;
urges Clement VII. to divorce him,
382; demands a sentence of nullity,
383; makes a victim of Wolsey, ib.;
gains the support of the House of
Commons, 385; consults the uni-
versities, and charges the clergy with
being under a præmunire, ib.; obtains
from Convocation the title of Supreme
Head, 386; has no tenderness towards
heresy, 388; obtains the Act of An-
nates, ib.; marries Anne Boleyn, and
is divorced, 389; attempts to suppress
heresy, and obtains fresh powers from
sends More and
Parliament, 390;
Fisher to the Tower, 392; Act of
Supremacy in favour of, 393; dissolves
the smaller monasteries, 394; marries
Jane Seymour, 395; issues the ten
articles, and authorises the translation
of the Bible, 396; deals hardly with the
Pilgrimage of Grace, 397; begins the
confiscation of the greater monasteries,
ib.; attacks relics and images, 398;
presides at Lambert's trial, 399;
obtains from Parliament the
articles, 39;; marries and divorces
Anne of Cleves, 400-401; marries and
beheads Catherine Howard, 401;
marries Catherine Parr, ib.; his
government of Ireland, 401-404; takes
with
Boulogne, 405; makes war
Scotland, 406; debases the coinage,
409; death of, 411

SIX

Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester,

131; declares against Stephen, 134
Henry of Trastamara, 255

Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James
I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters
to blow up, 483; death of, 488
Henry, son of Henry II., coronation of,

149; rebellion of, 153; death of, 156
Henry the Fowler, his mode of warfare,
79

Hereford, besieged by the Scots, 549
Hereford, Duke of, see Derby, Earl of
Hereford, Earl of, see Bohun, Hum-
frey

Heresy held to be punishable by the
Common Law, 419

Heretics, Statute for burning, 292

Hereward, rising of, 103

Herrings, battle of the, 309

Hertford, Earl of, see Somerset, Edward

Seymour, Duke of

Hexham, battle of, 331

High Commission, the, Court of, erection

of, 470; its activity in the reign of
Charles I., 520; abolition of, 531

HRO

High Court of Justice, the, proposal to
constitute rejected by the Lords, 557;
constituted by the Commons, 558
Highland Host, the, 619
Hii, see Iona

Hill, Rowland, post-office reform advo-
cated by, 918

Hlaford, see Lord

Hoche attempts to invade Ireland, 834
Hogarth, paintings of, 746
Hohenlinden, battle of, 840

Holkar, a Mahratta chief, 802; induced
to sign subsidiary treaty, 859
Holland, province of, its influence in the
Dutch Republic, 589

Holles takes part in holding down the
Speaker, 514; one of the five members,
535

Holmby House, Charles I. at, 553;
Charles I., removed from, 555
Holmes, Admiral, attacks the Dutch
fleet, 605

Holy Alliance, the so-called, 883
Holy League, the, 363

Homildon Hill, battle of, 293
Honorius III., Pope, protects Henry
III., 185

Hooker, his Ecclesiastical Polity, 472
Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, refuses
to wear vestments, 417; receives the
bishopric of Worcester, 48; speaks
of his dioceses as the king's, 420;
burnt, 424

Hopton, Sir Ralph, commands the
Royalists in Cornwall, 537, 538
fights on Lansdown, 538; takes and
loses Arundel Castle, 542; is defeated
at Cheriton, ib.

Horne Tooke, Hardy, and Thelwall,
acquittal of, 829

Horsa, a traditional leader of the Jutes,

27

Horses used to carry warriors to battle,

75

Horsley, Bishop, saying of, 830
Hotham, Sir John, shuts the gates of
Hull against Charles I., 537
Hough, chosen President of Magdalen
College, 641

Houghton, prior of the Charterhouse,
execution of, 394
Hounslow, James II. reviews regiments
at, 643

House-carls, 83, 93

Howard of Effingham, Charles Howard,
Lord, commands the fleet against the
Armada, 46; takes part in the capture
of Cadiz, 464

Howard of Escrick, Edward Howard,
Lord, informs against the Whigs, 625
Howe, Lord, defeats the French fleet
on the first of June, 828; persuades
the mutineers at Spithead to return
to their duty, 836

Howe, Sir William, commands the
British army in America, and occupies
New York, 784

Hrolf, Duke of the Normans, 80

1023

HUB

Hubert de Burgh holds Dover Castle,
185; administration of, 186-188
Hubert Walter, administration of, 163;
death of, 177

Hubertsburg, peace of, 767
Hudibras, 597

Hudson's Bay territory assigned to
England, 696
Hugh Capet, 80

Hugh of Lusignan rises against John, 174
Hugh the Great, Duke of the French, 63
Huguenots, the, supported by Elizabeth,
436; Buckingham lends ships to fight
against, 504

Hull, its gates shut against Charles I.,
537; besieged by Newcastle, 542
Humble Petition and Advice, the, 573
Hundred Days, the, 874

Hundred Years' War, the, 234
Hundred-moot, the, organisation of, 31;
judicial functions of, 32; gradual
decay of, 72

Hundreds, early political organisation of

the, 31

Hunt, Orator,' attempt to arrest, 879
Huntingdon, David I. holds the earldom
of, 132

Huntley, George Gordon, fourth Earl
of, overpowered by Mary, 437
Hurst Castle, Charles I. imprisoned in,

557

IBERIANS, the, 5

Ibrahim Pasha, desolates Pelopon-
nesus, 884; gains victories over the
Turks, 921

Iceni, the geographical position of, 8;
take part with the Romans, 13;
roused to insurrection by Boadicea, 15
Ictis, probably identified with Thanet, 8
Ida becomes king of Bernicia, 36
Idle, the, Eadwine's victory on, 43
Images, destruction of, 398
Impeachment of Latimer and Lyons,

262; of Suffolk, 322; of Bacon, 496; of
Buckingham, Montague, and Manwar-
ing, 511; of Strafford, 530; of twelve
bishops, 535; of the five members,
536; of Laud, 546; of Danby, 616;
pardon not to be pleaded in bar of, 617
Impositions, the New, first levy of, 484;

question of the legality of, 505; act
preventing the king from levying, 531
Inclosures, growth of, 320; More's attack
on, 368; Ket's rebellion directed
against, 416; cessation of complaints
against, 464

IRE

Income-tax, imposed by Pitt, 840; re-
moved, 876; imposed by Peel, 926
Independents, the, originally known as
Separatists, 543; driven from the
House, and reinstated by the army,
555; are unpopular after the Re-
storation, 584

India, break-up of the empire of the
Great Mogul and first settlements of
the East India Company in, 758;
condition of, after the death of Au-
rungzebe, 759; influence of the French
in the south of, 760; struggle between
Clive and Dupleix in, 761; the subjuga-
tion of Bengal in, 762; struggle with
Lally in, 764; Clive's return to sup
press extortion in, 801; Hastings
assists the Nawab of Oude to subdue
the Rohillas in, 802; the Regulating
Act alters the government of, ib.;
Pitt's Bill for the government of, 808;
defeat of Tippoo in, 837; overthrow of
Tippoo in, 838; Wellesley's policy of
subsidiary treaties in, 859; the Mar-
quis of Hastings in, 948; the north-
western frontier of, ib.; Afghanistan
invaded from, 949; conquest of Sindh
in, 950; the Sikh wars in, 951; Dal-
housie's annexations in, ib.; the Se-
poy army in, 952; mutiny of the Sepoy
army in, 953; end of the authority of
the East India Company in, 953; the
Queen's proclamation to the princes
and people of, 954

India Bill, the, of Fox and Burke, 806;
of Pitt, 808

Ine, his rule in Wessex, 53

Infanta, the, see Maria, the Infanta
Inkerman, battle of, 946

Innocent III., Pope, influences the elec-
tion of Stephen Langton, 177; puts
England under an interdict, and re-
duces John to submission, 178-180;
declares against the barons, 181-184;
establishes the Friars, 190

Innocent IV. becomes Pope, 195; wins
over Henry III., 196

Inquisition of the Sheriffs, the, 148
Instrument of Government, the, 568
Intercursus Magnus, the, 351
Interdict, England under, 178
Inverlochy, battle of, 547

Investiture, William I. claims the right
of granting, 108; Anselm's position
with regard to, 125; compromise on,

126

Iona, missionaries sent forth from, 47
Ipswich, Wolsey's college at, founced,
377; sold by Henry VIII.. 383.
Ireland, ancient language of, 7; Druids
in, 10; Christianity introduced into, 47;
state of civilisation in, 151; partially
conquered by Henry II., 152; results
of the conquest of, 264; weakness of
the English colony in, 265; under Lan-
caster and York, 346; under Henry
VII., 350, 351; under Henry VIII.,
401; legislation of Henry VIII. in, 402;

IRE

destruction of relics and images in, ib.;
conquest of a great part of, 404; Henry
VIII. named king of, ib.; under
Edward VI. and Mary, 451; intro-
duction of English colonists into, 452;
landing of Sir James Fitzmaurice in,
ib.; the slaughter at Smerwick, and
the Desmond rising in, 453; O'Neill's
rising in, 475; Essex's invasion of, ib.;
Mountjoy's conquest of, 478; planta-
tion of Ulster in, 484; Wentworth s
government of, 527, 528; army col-
lected by Strafford in, 529; insurrec
tion in, 533; massacre in, 534; the
confederate Catholics in, 541; Gla-
morgan's mission to, 549; Rinuccini
in, 550, soldiers asked to volunteer
for, 553; Cromwell in, 562; Ireton
and Ludlow in, 567; act of settlement
in, 595; James II. supported by the
Celtic population of, 640; struggle
between James II. and William III.
in, 654; penal laws in, 686; destruction
of the commerce of, ib.; restrictions on
commerce in, ib.; volunteers in, 796;
legislative independence conceded to,
ib.; Pitt's scheme for a commercial
union with, 810; defective constitu-
tional arrangements in, 831; rise of the
United Irishmen in, 832; votes given to
the Catholics of, ib.; mission of Lord
Fitzwilliam to, ib.; revolutionary out-
break impending in, 833; Hoche at-
tempts to invade, 834; outrages in,
840; rebellion in, 841; parliamentary
union with, 842; struggle for Catholic
emancipation in, 895; policy of Lord
Grey's government towards, ço9:
Thomas Drummond's management of,
916; failure of O'Connell's repeal
movement in, 928; Peel's legislation
for, ib.; famine in, 931; Peel's bill for
the protection of life in, ib.; public
works in, 932; emigration from, 933;
relation between landlord and tenant
in, ib.; Encumbered Estates Act in,
934; Smith O'Brien's attempted rising
in, 935; Fenian rising in, 962: dis-
establishment of the Protestant Church
of, ib.; Land Act of the first Gladstone
ministry in, 963; rejection of a bill on
university education in, 966; demand
of Home-Rule for, 970; Land Act of
the second Gladstone ministry in, ib.;
bill for the protection of life and pro-
perty in, ib.; murders by the Invin-
cibles in, ib.

Ireland, Duke of (see Oxford, Earl of),

supports Richard II., 279; is con-
demned to death, but escapes, 280
Ireton draws up The Heads of the Pro-
posals, 555; in Ireland, 563
Irish grants of William III. attacked by
the House of Commons, 670
Irish Parliament, the, summoned by
James I., 655; represents, under
William III., only the English colony,
657: passes a bill for the relief of

JAM

Catholics, 795; legislative independ-
ence granted to, 796; sources of the
weakness of, ib.

Isabella of Angoulême marries John,
174

Isabella of Bavaria, Queen of France,
takes part against her son, 306
Isabella of France marries Edward II.,
225; obtains the deposition of her
husband, 229; gives power to
Mortimer, 231; is placed in seclusion,
232

Isca Silurum, Roman colony of, 14;
martyrdom of Aaron at, 23

Isle of Wight, Jutish settlements in, 28;
plundered by the French, 234
Italy, the French wars in, 363; the
French driven from, 364

Italy, Charles Albert fails to drive the
Austrians out of, 934, 936; war for
the liberation of, 956; formation of
the kingdom of, 957; Venetia ceded
to, 963; Rome united to, 964
Itinerant justices under Henry I., 127;
under Henry II., 148

Jacquerie, the, 252

Jacqueline of Hainault, marriage of, 308
Jamaica, conquest of, 572

James I., king of Great Britain (see
James VI., king of Scotland), becomes
king of England, 481; imprisons
Raleigh, ib.; attacks the Puritans at
Hampton Court, 482; quarrels with
his first House of Commons, ib.;
obtains a legal decision in the case of
the Post-nati, 483; his government
of Ireland, 484; his financial diffi
culties, ib.; makes Somerset his
favourite, 486; offers to bargain with
the Addled Parliament, 487; negoti
ates a Spanish marriage for his son,
488; makes Buckingham a favourite,
ib.; sends Raleigh to execution, 489:
watches the development of the Thirty
Years' War, and summons Parliament
to vote supplies, 490; his views on
the prerogative, 49; sells peerages,
494 improvement of the finances of,
ib.; revokes monop lies, 495; sends
Digby to Germany and dissolves
Parliament, 496; raises a benevolence,
497; his last Parliament, 500; seeks
to marry his son to a French princess,
501; death of, ib.

James I., king of Scotland, kept in
custody by Henry IV., 295; liberation

of, 307

James II., as Duke of York, declares
himself a Roman Catholic, 600; his
conversion known, 607; resigns the
Admiralty, ib.; marriages of, 608;

JAM

attempt to exclude from the throne,
617; his cruelty to the Scottish cove-
nanters, 620; is present at his brother's
death, 627; accession of, 634; first
acts of the reign of, 635: marches
against Monmouth, 637; violates the
Test Act and prorogues Parliament,
638; claims the dispensing power and
establishes an ecclesiastical commis-
sion, 639; his government of Scotland
and Ireland, 640; issues a declaration
of indulgence, ib.; expels the Fellows
of Magdalen and tries to pack a Par-
liament, 641; issues a second declara-
tion of indulgence, 642; hears of the
acquittal of the seven Bishops, 643;
birth of a son of, 644; makes con-
cessions on hearing of William's
approach, ib.; attempts to escape,
645; embarks for France, 646; alleged
virtual abdication of, ib.; lands in Ire-
land, 654; is defeated at the Boyne,
and takes refuge in France, 656; death
of, 675

James IV., king of Scotland, invades
England, 352; marries the daughter of
Henry VII., 356; killed at Flodden,
364

James V., king of Scotland, policy of,
404; death of, 405

James VI., king of Scotland, birth and
accession of, 439; assisted by Eliza-
beth, 450; becomes the tool of Lennox,
454; is captured by Protestant lords,
455; becomes king of England, 481;
see James I., king of Great Britain
James (the Old Pretender), birth of, 644
Jane Seymour marries Henry VIII,
395; death of, 397

Jaureguy tries to murder William of
Orange, 454

Jeffreys enforces the surrender of char-

ters, 625; sends Baxter to prison, 635:
is made Chief Justice, ib.; conducts
the Bloody Assizes, 637; becomes
Chancellor, 638
Jena, battle of, 857
Jenkins's Ear, 729

Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders,

157;

121; captured by Saladin,
Richard I. refuses to look at, 161
Jervis, Sir John, commands at the battle

of St. Vincent, 835

Jesuits, the, origin of, 436; land in
England, 453; Act of Parliament
against, 456

Jews, the, encouraged by William II.,
115; protected by Henry I., 128;
massacre of, 160; persecuted by John,
179; banished by Edward I., 212
Jews' House, the so-called, 170
John, king of England, his misconduct in

Ireland, 156; leads the opposition to
William of Longchamps, 161; joins
Philip II. against Richard, 162; ac-
cession of, 173; loses Normandy and
Anjou, 174; appoints an Archbishop
of Canterbury, 177; quarrels with the

KIL

1025

Jones, Ernest, leads the Chartists, 924
Jones, Inigo, buildings by, 632

at

to

Jones, Michael, commands in Dublin,
562

Joseph I., Emperor, succeeds Leopold I.,
684; death of, 693

Joseph Bonaparte, becomes King of
Naples, 856; becomes King of Spain,
863

Joyce, Cornet, carries off Charles I.
from Holmby, 555

Judicial system of the early English, 31;
of Eadgar, 72; of William I., 107;
of Henry I., 127; of Henry II., 146
Judith accuses Waltheof, 110

Julius II., papacy of, 363; character of,

375

Junius' Letters, probable authorship
of, 775

Junto, the Whig, formation of, 659;
break-up of, 669

Jury of presentment, 147

Jury system, the, germ of, 147; com-
pleted, 321

Justices of the peace, the, origin of, 277
Justiciar, institution of the office of, 116;

his position under Henry I., 127
Jutes, probably ravage Roman Britain,
24; subdue Kent, 27; settle in the
Isle of Wight and the mainland oppo-
site, 28

KEBLE, his Christian Year, 940
Kemp, Bishop of London, becomes Lord
Chancellor, 309

Kenilworth, Earl, Simon's castle at, 199
Kenneth, king of the Scots, receives
Lothian from Eadgar, 68

Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and
Picts, 63

Kenmure, Lord, beheaded, 705

Kent, foundation of the Jutish kingdom
of, 27; its inhabitants driven back by
the West Saxons, 35; Gaulish traders
in, 38; accepts Christianity, 39; is
kept by Lawrence from relapsing, 41;
comparative weakness of, ib.; rising
in, suppressed by Fairfax, 557
Kent, Earl of (brother of Edward II.),
execution of, 231

Kentish Petition, the, 675
Keroualle, Louise de, see Portsmouth,
Duchess of

Ket's rebellion, 415

Kildare, Earl of, supports the Yorkists,
347; supports Lambert Simnel, ib.; is
deprived of the Deputyship for sup-

1026

KIL

porting Warbeck, 350; restored to the
Deputyship, 352

Kildare, Earl of, imprisonment of, 402
Kilkenny, meeting of the Confederate
Catholics at, 541

Kilkenny, Statute of, 265
Killiecrankie, battle of, 653
Kilsyth, battle of, 549

Kimbolton, Lord, see Manchester, Earl
of

King, authority of the, origin of, 33;
effect of the enlargement of the king-
doms on, 45; increased importance of,
69; limitations imposed by Magna
Carta on, 182; proposed administrative
restrictions on, 195; effect of the revo-
lution of 1399 upon, 289
King's Bench, Court of, 212
King's Friends, the, 767
Kinsale, Spanish expedition to, 478
Knights Bachelors, the, appeal to
Edward, 199

Knights of the shire first admitted to
Parliament, 196; later elections of,
200, 201; importance of their conjunc-
tion with borough members, 245.
Knighthood fines, 515: prohibited, 531
Knox, John, opinions of, 418; urges on
the Lords of the Congregation, 432;
writes The Monstrous Regimen of
Women, id.; organises the Presby
terian Church 434; his treatment of
Mary, 438

Kymry, the, origin of the name, 37;
share in the defeat of the Scots at
Degsastan, 42; are defeated by Æthel-
frith near Chester, 43; geographical
dismemberment of, ib.; in alliance
with Penda, 46; weakness of, 49; see
Welsh

LA BOURDONNAIS takes Madras, 760
La Hogue, battle of, 659

Labourers, Statute of, 248, 268

Lafayette goes

America, 786

as a volunteer

to

Laibach, congress of, 882

Lake, General, defeats the Irish insur-
gents at Vinegar Hill, 841; his victo-
ries in India, 859

Lambert burnt as a heretic, 399
Lambert, Major-General, defeats Booth
at Winnington Bridge, 575
Lambeth, ford over the Thames at, 20
Lancaster, Duke of (John of Gaunt),
makes unsuccessful war in France,
257; heads the anti-clerical party,
260; opposes the Black Prince, 262;
reverses the proceedings of the Good
Parliament, ib.; supports Wycliffe,
263; takes the lead at the accession
of Richard II., 266; goes to Spain,
279; marries Catherine Swynford, 282
Lancaster, Earl of (Thomas), opposes
Edward II., 225; execution of, 228
Lanfranc trusted by William I., 88;
becomes Archbishop of Canterbury,

LEO

106; crowns William II., 114; death
of, 117

Langland, William, 259
Langport, battle of, 548
Langside, defeat of Mary at, 440
Langton, Stephen, chosen Archbishop of
Canterbury at Rome, 177; allowed by
John to come to England, 180; pro-
duces a charter of Henry I., 181; his
part in obtaining the Great Charter,
182

Lansdown, battle of, 538

Latimer, made Bishop of Worcester,

390; driven from his see, 400; ser.
mons preached at Court by, 417;
burnt, 425
Latimer, Lord, impeached, 262
Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, cha
racter and opinions of, 516; becomes
Archbishop of Canterbury, and advises
the republication of the Declaration
of Sports, 517; wishes that the com-
munion table shall stand at the East
end, ib.; conducts a metropolitical
visitation, 520; unpopularity of, 521;
imprisonment of, 530; execution of,
546

Lauderdale, John Maitland, Earl of
strengthens the king's authority in
Scotland, 602; his management of
Scotland, 619

Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury,
keeps Kent Christian, 41
Lawrence, Sir Henry, governs the Pun
jab, 951; besieged in Lucknow, 953:
killed, ib.

Lawrence, Sir John, governs the Pun
jab, 951; sends Sikh troops to Delhi,

953

Layamon's Brut, 207

Le Mans, sieges of, 121
League, the, formed against Henry of
Navarre, 456

Legge, dismissal of, 748

Leicester, Anglian settlement at, 36;
earldom of, inherited by Simon de
Montfort, 193

Leicester, Earl of, shares the Justiciar's
office with Richard de Lucy, 140
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of
favoured by Elizabeth, 435; made
Earl of Leicester, 438; commands an
army in the Netherlands, 457
Leighton punished by the Star Chamber,

514

Leith, surrender of the French garrison

of, 433

Lely, Sir Peter, portraits by, 631
Lennox, Esme Stuart, Duke of, favourite
of James VI., 455

Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of,
Regent of Scotland, 443

Lenthall, Speaker of the Long Parlia
ment, 536

Leo IX., Papacy of, 88
Leo X., Pope, character of, 375
Leofric, Earl of the Mercians, 85, 90
Leofwine, Earl of the Mercians, 84