1042

SCR

burn, 529; invades England, 542:
besieges York, ib. ; takes part in the
battle of Marston Moor, 543; receives
Charles I. at Southwell, and conveys
him to Newcastle, 551; negotiation
for the abandonment of Charles I. by,
553; returns to Scotland, 553; is de.
feated at Dunbar, 563; and at Wor-
cester, 564

Scrope, Archbishop of York, executed,
296

Scrope, Lord, execution of, 201
Scutage, 141

Scutari, hospital at, 947

Sebastopol, siege of, 945; reduction of,
947; destruction of the fortifications
of, 948

Second Civil War, the, 556, 557
Secular clergy, the, 67

Sedan, battle of, 965

Sedgemoor, battle of, 637

Sedition Act, the, 830

Selby taken by the Fairfaxes, 542.

Selden, John, takes part in drawing up

the Petition of Right, 508
Self-denying Ordinance, the, 545
Selsey, landing of the South Saxons

near, 27

Seminary priests, the, 453; Act of Parlia
ment against, 456

Senegal ceded by France, 766
Senlac, battle of, 96

Separatists, the, principles of, 470;
settlement of, in Leyden and New
England, 489; receive the name of
Independents, 543; see Independents
Sepoy mutiny, the, 951-955
Septennial Act, the, 706
Serfs, see Villeins
Seringapatam stormed, 838

Servia, becomes an independent king-
dom, 969

Settlement, Irish Act of, 595
Settlement, Act of; see Act of Settlement
Seven Bishops, the, petition presented
by, 642; trial of, 643

Seven Years' War, the, beginning of,
749: end of, 766; results of, 767
Severn, West Saxon conquest of the
Valley of, 35

Severus fails in conquering the Cale
donians, 19

Seymour, Jane, see Jane Seymour
Seymour of Sudley, Lord, execution of,

SIN

616; his position similar to that of
Pym, 618; supports the Exclusion
Bill, ib.; indicts the Duke of York as
a recusant, 621; supported by the
third Short Parliament, ib. ; the Grand
Jury throw out a Bill against, 622;
Dryden's satire on, 623 proposes to
attack the king's guards, 624; exile and
death of, ib.

Shakspere, William, teaching of, 474
'Shannon,' the, captures the 'Chesa-
peake,' 872

Sharp, Archbishop, murder of, 620
Shelburne, Earl of, takes office in
Rockingham's second ministry, 795;
becomes Prime Minister, 796; resig-
nation of, 800

Shelley, opinions of, 888

Sherborne taken by Fairfax, 548

Sherfield, Henry, fined by the Star
Chamber, 515

Sheridan, takes part in the impeach-
ment of Hastings, 811
Sheriffmuir, battle of, 705

Sheriffs, their position in Eadgar's
reign, 73; weakened by Henry II., 148
Ship-money, levy of, 523; resisted by
Hampden, 524

Ships, comparison between English and
Spanish, 459

Shires, origin of, 73

Shire moot, the, 73; see County Courts
Shore, Jane, penance of, 340

Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, drowned, 689
Shrewsbury, Duke of, becomes Lord
Treasurer, 700

Shrewsbury, Earl of, see Talbot, Lord
Shrewsbury, Parliament of, 283; battle
of, 294

Shrines, destruction of, 398

Sicily, the Duke of Savoy becomes king
of, 696; given to Austria, 710; ceded
to the son of Philip V., 724; retained
by Ferdinand I., 857
Sidmouth, Viscount, included in the
Ministry of All the Talents, 855; is
Home Secretary in Lord Liverpool's
ministry, 877: holds that meetings in
favour of Radical reform are treason-
able, 880; see Addington
Sidney, Algernon, execution of, 626
Sidney, Sir Philip, death of, 457
Sikhs, the, allied, under Runjeet Singh,

with the British, 949; wars with, 951
Silchester, Roman church at, 23
Simnel, Lambert, insurrection in favour

of, 347

Simon de Montfort, early career of, 193:
takes the side of the barons, 195; em-
ployed in Gascony, 196; executes the
Provisions of Oxford, 199; heads the
baronial party, 200; wins the battle of
Lewes, 201; constitutional scheme of,
ib.; killed at Evesham, 203: com.
pared with Archbishop Thomas, 204
Sinclair, Oliver, killed at Solway Moss,

405

Sindhia, a Mahratta chief, 802; defeated

1043

SIV

Smith, Sir Sidney, defends Acre, 838
Solemn league and covenant, the, 540
Solway Moss, defeat of the Scots at,

405; Charles I. urged by the Scots to
take, 551

Somers, Lord, one of the Whig Junto,
659 resignation of, 670; dissuades
the Whigs from impeaching Sache-
verell, 691

Somerset, Welsh driven out of, 53
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, second Duke

of, commands in Normandy, 320; sup-
ported by Henry VI., 323; slain at
St. Albans, 324

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, fourth Duke
of, executed, 334
Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of,
invades Scotland as Earl of Hertford,
406; becomes Duke of Somerset and
Protector, 412; defeats the Scots at
Pinkie Cleugh, 413: possession of
Church property by, 415: expelled
from the Protectorate, 416; execution
of, 418

Somerset, Henry Beaufort, third Duke of
executed, 331

Somerset, John Beaufort, first Duke of,
commands in France, 317; kept from
court by Suffolk, 318; dies, 320
Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of, favourite
of James I., 486; disgrace of, 488
Somerset House, building of, 425
Sophia, the Electress, favours the Whigs,
699; death of, 701

Sorbiodunum (Old Sarum), the strong-
hold of Ambrosius, 34
South Africa, progress of, 968
South Australia established as a separate
colony, 968

South Saxons, the, first conquests of,
27; destroy Anderida, 28
South Sea Bubble, the, 711
Southwell, Charles I. surrenders to the

Scots at, 551

Southwold Bay, battle in, 605
Spain, union of the kingdoms of, 349;
growth of the monarchy of, 354:

STA

resources of, 426; maritime power
of, 447; authority of, in the West
Indies challenged by English sailors,
ib.; navy of, 459: English attacks on,
464; sends an expedition to Kinsale,
478; its alliance sought by James I.,
486; attack of Raleigh on the colonies
of, 489; sends troops to occupy the
Palatinate, 490; protest of the Com-
mons against an alliance with, 496; visit
of Prince Charles to, 497; eagerness
in England for war with, 500; money
voted for war with, 501; expedition
against Cadiz in, 503; Charles I.
makes peace with, 514; Cromwell
makes war on, 571; question of the
succession to, 592; war of the Spanish
succession in, 682; her conflict with
England in the West Indies, 726; war
with, 730; joins France against Eng.
land at the end of the Seven Years'
War, 766; allies herself with France
and America, 787; makes peace with
Great Britain, 798; its fleet defeated
off Cape St. Vincent, 835; Napoleon's
interference in, 862; resists Napoleon,
863: Napoleon appears in, 864; Wel-
lesley's advance to Talavera in, 867;
Wellington's advance to Madrid and
Burgos in, 869; the French driven out
of, 871; revolution against Ferdinand
VII. in, 882; death of Ferdinand VII.
in, 920; civil war in, 921

Spanish succession, the, claimants to,
667 thrown open by the death of
Charles II., 671; war of, 675
Spencer, Henry, Bishop of Norwich,
leads an expedition to Flanders, 278
Spenser, Edmund, his Faerie Queen, 473
Spinning, improvements in, 814
Spinola, Ambrogio, invades the Palati-

nate, 490

Spithead, mutiny at, 836
Spurs, battle of the, 364

Stadholder, office of, 449; abolition of
the office of, 565

Stafford, William Howard, Viscount,
execution of, 621

Stainer, Admiral, captures a Spanish
fleet, 572

Stair, the Master of, John Dalrymple,
organises the massacre of Glencoe,
654

Stamford Bridge, battle of, 95

Stamp Act, the, passed, 771; repealed,

ΤΑΝ

Tangier acquired by Charles II., 587
Tasmania becomes a separate colony, 969
Taunton, siege of, 548

Taxation, see Danegeld, Customs
Taylor, Rowland, burnt, 424
Tel-el-Kebir, battle of, 971
Telford, improvement of roads by, 905
Templars, the Knights, 157,

Temple, Lord, canvasses the House of
Lords against Fox's India Bill, 806
Temple, Sir William, negotiates the
Triple Alliance, 599; advises the reform
of the Privy Council, 617: failure of
his scheme, 620

Tennyson, his In Memoriam, 943
Terouenne, 364

Test Act, the, passed, 607; a second,
616; violated by James II., 638;
Sunderland and Stanhope think of
repealing, 710; Walpole resists the
repeal of, 716; partial repeal of, 895
Tewkesbury, battle of, 334
Texel, the, Rupert defeated off, 608
Thackeray, his Vanity Fair, 940
Thames, the, early ferry over, 20
Thanet, probable identification of Ictis
with, 8; Jutes established in, 27
Thegns, how distinguished from
Gesiths, 31; their devotion to their
lord, 44; growing military importance
of, 69

Theodore, Archbishop, his influence on
the Church of England, 50; assembles
the first Church Council, 52
Thetford, removal of the see from, 107
Thiers supports Mehemet Ali, and pre-
pares for war with England, 922
Thirty Years' War, the, beginning of,
490: end of, 564

Thistlewood proposes to murder the
cabinet, 881

Thomas of Canterbury, St., destruction
of the shrine of, 398
Thomas of London (Becket), Chancellor,
140; being appointed Archbishop of
Canterbury, resists Henry II., 143;
takes refuge in France, 145; returns
to England, 149; is murdered, 150
Throgmorton's conspiracy, 456
Thurlow, Lord, his saying about Fox's
India Bill, 806

Thurstan, Archbishop, leads the levies
at the battle of the Standard, 132
Tiberias, battle of, 157

Ticonderoga, Abercrombie repulsed at,
753; taken by Amherst, ib.; taken by
the Americans, 783

Tilsit, the treaty of, 858

Tin, Phoenician and Greek trade in, 8
Tinchebrai, battle of, 125
Tintern Abbey, 129
Tippermuir, battle of, 547

Tippoo, succeeds Hyder Ali, and makes

peace, 805; defeated by Cornwallis,
837; defeated by Harris and slain, 838
Tithes, proposal of the Barebone's Par-
liament to abolish, 567

Tithes, Irish, difficulty of collecting, 910

TRA

1045

Todleben commands the Russians at
Sebastopol, 945
Togidumnus, death of, 13
Toleration, Cromwell's advocacy of,
543; Charles II. proposes to adopt,
583; Charles II. issues a declaration
in favour of, 587; tendency of science
to promote, 598; Locke's letters on,
652

Toleration Act, the, 651

Tone, Wolfe, founds the United Irish-
men, 832; sent to France, 834
Tonnage and Poundage, nature of, 509;
claimed by Charles I. in spite of the
Petition of Right, 510; Act prevent-
ing the king from levying, 531
Torbay, arrival of William III. in, 644
Torrington, Earl of, Arthur Herbert,
defeated at Beachy Head, 657

Tory party, the, origin of the name of,
620; reaction in favour of, 622; elects
officers in the city, 623; gains a
majority in the Common Council,
624 supports William III., 656;
political ideas of, 672; its aims in
the reign of Anne, 691; foreign
policy of, 692; twelve peers created
from, 695; its position after the Treaty
of Utrecht, 699; loses power at the
death of Anne, 702; principles of, at
the accession of George III., 767;
secures office under Lord North, 776;
rises to power under Pitt, 808; co-
alesces with the majority of the Whigs,

828

Tostig, Earl of North-humberland, 89:
driven from his earldom, go; allied to

Harold Hardrada, 94; killed at Stam-
ford Bridge, 96

Toulon, attack by Eugene and Shovel
on, 689

Toulouse, battle of, 871

Touraine conquered by Philip II., 176
Tournai, 364

Tourville, Count of, defeats the English
and Dutch off Beachy Head, and
makes himself master of the Channel,
657
Town, the, 693

Towns, growth of, 62, 72, 168; condition
of the outskirts of, 191

Townshend, Charles, places duties on
imports into the American colonies,
773; death of, 774

Townshend, Lord, becomes Secretary
of State, 703; dismissed by George I.,
709; re-admitted to office, 711; im-
proves the cultivation of turnips, 813
Townships, early political organisation
of, 31

Towton, battle of, 329
Trade, see Commerce
Trafalgar, battle of, 854
Trakir, battle of, 947.

Transition from round-arched to Pointed
architecture, 171

Transvaal Republic, the, foundation of,
969; annexation of, 970; acknow-