Life on the Earth: Its Origin and SuccessionMacmillan and Company, 1860 - Всего страниц: 224 |
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Стр. 5
... mean , according to this actual plan of creation , the only one we are acquainted with , or can justly 1 In modern language matter is said to be known to us only by effects cognizable by our senses ; these effects are due to forces ...
... mean , according to this actual plan of creation , the only one we are acquainted with , or can justly 1 In modern language matter is said to be known to us only by effects cognizable by our senses ; these effects are due to forces ...
Стр. 9
... means of contrivances varied in almost every individual case , but always to be conceived of as elegant adapta- tions to some conditions of matter - adaptations to gravity , to force of wind , to depth of water , to degrees of light ...
... means of contrivances varied in almost every individual case , but always to be conceived of as elegant adapta- tions to some conditions of matter - adaptations to gravity , to force of wind , to depth of water , to degrees of light ...
Стр. 11
... Among the most influential of all the causes which limit the ranges of life is temperature . The annual mean temperature , the extremes of yearly and daily LIFE ON THE EARTH . 11 Influence of Climate on the Distribution of Life.
... Among the most influential of all the causes which limit the ranges of life is temperature . The annual mean temperature , the extremes of yearly and daily LIFE ON THE EARTH . 11 Influence of Climate on the Distribution of Life.
Стр. 12
... mean temperature of 64 ° prevails , we shall find 4500 species ; between 64 ° and 48 ° the number is reduced to 1500 , while between 32 ° and 0 ° the total sinks to 500 , till in Walden Island , lat . 80 north , only ten species occur ...
... mean temperature of 64 ° prevails , we shall find 4500 species ; between 64 ° and 48 ° the number is reduced to 1500 , while between 32 ° and 0 ° the total sinks to 500 , till in Walden Island , lat . 80 north , only ten species occur ...
Стр. 14
... believed that at 300 fathoms life is extinct . If we consider that at and near the surface of the sea all the influences favourable to both vegetable -44 1-50 -56 -62 -68 1-320 16000 38 Mean Temperatures 16 LIFE ON THE EARTH .
... believed that at 300 fathoms life is extinct . If we consider that at and near the surface of the sea all the influences favourable to both vegetable -44 1-50 -56 -62 -68 1-320 16000 38 Mean Temperatures 16 LIFE ON THE EARTH .
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affinity ages Ammonites Amorphozoa ancient Annelida appear atmosphere beds Brachiopoda British BROOKE FOSS WESTCOTT Carbon Carboniferous Cenozoic Cenozoic Strata Cephalopoda Cetacea Chalk classes Clay climate cloth creation Cretaceous Crocodilia Crown 8vo Crustacea deposits Dimyaria distribution earlier earliest earth Echinodermata effect English epoch equal examples existing Fcap Fishes forms fossil freshwater Gasteropoda genera genus geological gilt leaves globe Goniatites groups heat History hypothesis Insects land Lias limestone limited Lingula living Llandeilo Mammalia marine mean temperature Mesozoic Mesozoic Period modern Oceans Mollusca Monomyaria naturalists nature number of species occur Oolitic organic origin Paleozoic Paleozoic Strata perhaps phenomena plants and animals Polyzoa prevalent Professor races recent regard remarkable Reptiles rivers rocks Royal 16mo Second Edition sediments Sermons shells shew Silurian Stonesfield Strata structure succession suppose surface Teleosaurus thickness tion traced University of Cambridge Upper variations vegetable whole zone Zoophyta وو
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Стр. 202 - As all the living forms of life are the lineal descendants of those which lived long before the Cambrian epoch, we may feel certain that the ordinary succession by generation has never once been broken, and that no cataclysm has desolated the whole world.
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Стр. 203 - There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.
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Стр. 202 - Therefore I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth, have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed.
Стр. 201 - I formerly entertained, namely, that each species has been independently created, is erroneous. I am fully convinced that species are not immutable; but that those belonging to what are called the same genera are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species, in the same manner as the acknowledged varieties of any one species are the descendants of that species. Furthermore, I am convinced that Natural Selection has been the main, but not exclusive, means of modification.
Стр. 201 - I cannot doubt that the theory of descent with modification embraces all the members of the same great class or kingdom. I believe that animals are descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.
Стр. 203 - It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth...
Стр. 186 - The intermixture of distinct species is guarded against by the aversion of the individuals composing them to sexual union, or by the sterility of the mule offspring. It does not appear that true hybrid races have ever been perpetuated for several generations, even by the assistance of man; for the cases usually cited relate to the crossing of mules with individuals of pure species, and not to the intermixture of hybrid with hybrid.