12. The adoption of any of these methods to other printing machines. WILLIAM KILNER, Sheffield, engraver. For improvements in manufacturing railway and other axles and wheels; and in machinery to be employed in such manufacture. Patent dated April 24, 1849.* 1. The inside surface of the tyre, after being bent into a circle, is raised to a welding heat by placing it in a hollow fire or closed hearth, after which it is laid on a block, and the spokes, previously heated at one end, are successively welded to it. The nave is composed of two half naves formed of bar iron coiled into rings, with the internal hollow of less diameter at one end than the other; and the inner ends of the spokes are arranged upon the face (with the smallest bore) of one of the half naves, and the corresponding face of the other half nave laid on them. Care is taken to leave a space between each pair of spokes, and to punch holes in them, in order that the inside surfaces of the half naves may be welded together at those points. The nave and spokes are heated to the welding point by being placed above the fuel in a furnace, the top of which is made moveable for the purpose of admitting the wheel, after which they are welded together by swages, and the small ends of the half naves welded over the ends of the spokes. Or, two chains, united by a right and left hand screw-coupling, and passing through the centre of the wheel, are attached to the opposite sides. The wheel is placed in a projecting hearth above the fuel, and when heated to the proper degree of temperature, the chain is tightened and the weld formed. Instead of welding the spokes to the tyre after the latter has been bent into a circle, they may be welded to a straight bar of iron, which is then bent to the required shape around the ends of moveable blocks arranged to form part of a circle, with intervening spaces to receive the spokes. 2. To give the necessary rotundity to the tyre a bed plate is employed, which has a central vertical shaft, on which the wheel is placed, and is free to revolve thereon. Around the rim are two pairs of equidistant rollers, supported on spindles in the ends of four levers, the other extremities of which encircle two screw rods, whereby they can be made to approach or recede from the tyre, while above and beneath it are two other rollers capable of being brought closer together. The rollers are driven by toothed gearing from any prime mover, and communicate their motion to the wheel. The felloe The specification of Mr. Kilner's invention was erroneously stated in our last publication, as being due but not enrolled; the specification referred to was that of Mr. Falconbridge.-See page 431. is formed with a dovetail, and the edge of the tyre bent over it by the action of the rollers. An adjustable scraper is made to act against the tyre, for the purpose of cleansing it. 3. For the purpose of turning the tyres, the patentee employs revolving circular cutters keyed on a shaft, resting on moveable bearings, which can be made to slide up and down simultaneously by means of a hand screw. 4. The axles are constructed of two tubes, placed one within the other, or of a tube filled with bar iron, and welded at the ends only, or of a number of bars of iron, curved and overlapping one another, to give a spiral direction to the fibre. Claims.-1. The use of the hollow fire or closed hearth for heating tyres to the welding point. 2. The projecting hearth. 3. Heating the inside surface of the tyre by causing the flame and products of combustion to impinge against it, instead of by radiation. 4. Heating the spokes and tyre together, in order that they may be welded at the same heat; and arranging the spokes which have holes punched in them, at a distance from each other, between two half naves, to allow of the surfaces of the latter being welded together at these points, as well as over the ends of the spokes. 5. The employment of two or more rollers acting uniformly and capable of being caused to approach or recede from the tyre, in conjunction with the scraper, for the purpose of rolling and cleansing it. 6. Boring and turning the inside and outside surfaces of railway wheels by revolving circular cutters. 7. The compound hollow axle. 8. The railway axle composed of a tube filled with bar iron welded only at the ends. 9. The railway axle with the bars of iron laid so as to give a spiral direction to the fibre. GEORGE SIMPSON, Newington - butts, chemist; and THOMAS FOSTER, Streatham, manufacturer. For improvements in manufacturing or treating solvents of India rubber and of other gums or substances. Patent dated April 26, 1849. 1. Bisulphuret of carbon is placed in an iron still, the top of which opens into an earthenware vessel containing pentachloride of antimony, and a pipe leads from the top of this vessel to the worm of an earthenware condenser. The still and first vessel are heated by steam jackets. The resulting product flows from the condenser to a reservoir, after which it is rectified by lime and is then ready for use as a solvent. Before rectification the India rubber, gutta percha, or other gum may be immersed in it, or exposed to its fumes and thereby rendered less liable to injury from the effects of cold or heat. 2. Coal oil is purified and rendered applicable as a solvent of these gums by being subjected to a similar process, chloride of lime in solution being substituted for the penta-chlroide of antimony. Claims.-1. The manufacture of chloride and bichloride of carbon and its application as a solvent of India rubber, gutta percha, and other gums not soluble in water, and the mode of treating rubber, as described. 2. The mode of treating coal oil with chloride of lime, for the purpose of obtaining a better solvent of the before-mentioned gums. ROBERT OXLAND, Plymouth, chemist, and JOHN OXLAND, of the same place, chemist. For improvements in the manufacture of sugar. Patent dated April 26, 1849. The improvements of the Messrs. Oxland are confined to the defeccation and decolori. zation of sugar, and consist in the employment for the purpose of acetate of alumina. The mode of operation which they prefer is as follows:-The sugar is dissolved in water, and heated to 210° Fah. by steam, flowing through a flat coil of pipes. Carbonate of lime is mixed with this saccharine solution, to destroy the acidity; after which it is run through filter-bags into a shallower blowup pan than was first used, where it is mixed with acetate of alumina, and boiled until nearly the whole of the acid is evolved, which can be ascertained by testing the steam with blue litmus paper. The pan is fitted with an air-tight cover and pipe for conveying the acid fumes to a condenser, whereby they may again be rendered available for the manufacture of acetate of alumina; whatever quantity of acid may remain in the syrup after the evaporating process is neutralized by the admixture of carbonate of lime. Cane and beet-root juice may be defeccated by this process, either before or after concentration, and clarified by the employment of albumen, bullock's blood, or other well-known agent, in the usual way. The acetate of alumina is precipitated by the addition of tannin, in solution. The acetate of alumina is prepared by mixing with a solution of sulphate of alumina a solution of soda-ash, so as to produce an alkaline reaction on reddened litmus paper. mixture is allowed to precipitate, and the clear liquid is decanted off. The precipitate is removed and washed repeatedly with water, until the hydrometer fails to indicate the presence of any soluble matter; the acid is then added in sufficient quantity, but not in excess, to form the acetate of alumina. The The solution of tannin is composed of crushed valonia, in water. The quantity of acetate which the patentee employs for 1 ton of average sugar is 4 lbs. Claim. The use of acetate of alumina in the defeccation of saccharine solutions, and removal of colour during the refining of raw sugar. CHARLES ILES, Bordesley Works, Birmingham, machinist. For improvements in manufacturing picture-frames, inkstands, and other articles in dies or moulds; also in producing ornamental surfaces. Patent dated April 26, 1849. 1. Mouldable articles are to be manufactured with veined or marbled surfaces by mixing with the plastic material employed differently coloured silk waste or other differently coloured fibrous substances. The plastic material preferred is composed of 4 parts of resin, 1 part of wax, 6 parts of glue, 4 parts of alum, and 12 parts of gypsum. The resin and wax are first melted in any suitable vessel, and the glue added; the alum and gypsum are then well incorporated, and, lastly, the waste silk is stirred in. The whole is then ready for being moulded into the desired shapes. 2. Ornamental surfaces on walls and other places are to be produced by mixing with Keene's, or any suitable cement, differently coloured silk waste, or other differently coloured fibrous materials, (in the same way as hair is stirred in mortar ;) the mixture being afterwards floated on the walls in the ordinary manner. Claims.-1. The mode of manufacturing picture-frames, inkstands, and other articles in dies or moulds, by combining with the plastic material employed differently coloured waste silk, or other differently coloured fibrous material. 2. In producing ornamental surfaces on walls and other places by combining differently coloured silk waste, or other fibrous material, with a suitable cement, which is floated on it. THOMAS HARCOURT THOMPSON, Blackheath-hill, C.E. For certain improvements in apparatus for preventing the rise of effluvium from drains, sewers, cesspools, and other places, and in apparatus for regulating the level of waters in rivers, reservoirs, and canals. Patent dated April 26, 1849. 1. To prevent the rise of effluvium," &c., Mr. Thompson uses a trap made of a cylinder with a hanging bottom and a spring catch or click, which falls down suddenly when the refuse has accumulated in the cylinder beyond a certain weight, and allows it to fall through, after which the bottom returns to its first position; and, in order to render the trap more air-tight, a ring of vulcanized India rubber or gutta percha is interposed between the bottom and the lower edge of the cylinder. 2. A similar apparatus is adapted to the pans of water-closets, and connected with the water-supply pipe, so that the fall of the bottom turns on the water to wash round the pan, and vice versa. 3. To regulate the level of water he employs a ball-cock which consists of two vertical pipes sliding tightly one within the other. The inner pipe is connected to the water main, and contains a cone fixed on the lower part of a rod, which is attached to the top of the inside pipe. A piston, the top surface of which is equal in area to the bottom surface of the cone, is attached to the bottom of the rod, and water caused to flow into this space. By this arrangement the pressure will be balanced, and free passage given to the water to the inner tube, whence it flows out through two prolonged arms to the cistern. The outer tube passes through, and is attached to an airtight ball, and is provided with two long slots, to allow the projecting arms (which serve to carry the water clear of the ball) to pass through. As the cistern fills, the ball will move upwards, carrying with it the outside pipe, and consequently the cone, which will have the effect of cutting off the water. 4. A self-acting apparatus is described for opening sluice gates, according to the level of the water upon one side; it consists of two cylinders, communicating with the water and fitted with two hellow pistons, which are respectively connected to the two ends of a cross-bar attached, in the centre, to the top of a vertical rod fixed to the sluice gate. Claims.-1. The arrangement of apparatus for preventing the rise of effluvium from drains, &c., by means of a hinged bottom acted on by a spring click; and the ring of India rubber or other suitable material. 2. The constructing of apparatus for trapping water-closet pans, and turning on the water. 3. The construction of apparatus for regulating the level of water in reservoirs by means of two pipes sliding one within the other. 4. The construction of apparatus for regulating the level of water in canals, &c., by means of sluice gates worked by hollow pistons. WILLIAM HENRY BURKE, Tottenham, manufacturer. For improvements in the manufacture of air-proof and waterproof fabrics, and in the preparation of caoutchouc and gutta percha, either alone or in combination with other materials, the same to be applicable to articles of wearing apparel, bands, straps, and other similar useful purposes. Patent dated April 26, 1849. 1. Mr. Burke proposes to employ a com pound of antimony, instead of sulphur, for the purpose of rendering caoutchouc, gutta per. cha, or their compounds permanently elastic and unaffected by changes of temperature. The compound is prepared by mixing 1 part of crude antimony with 25 parts of crystallized carbonate of soda or 20 parts of carbonate of potass, and 250 or 300 parts of water. The mixture is boiled from half-an hour to three-quarters, and allowed to precipitate, when the supernatant liquid is run off. The precipitate is then dried and incorporated with the caoutchouc in a masticating machine, in the proportion of from five to fifteen per cent. When bands or other articles are to be cut from blocks of caoutchouc, it is taken, while warm, from the masticating machine, and subjected to pressure for one or two days. 2. It is also proposed to manufacture driving bands by spreading the material, dissolved in a suitable menstruum, with calender rollers upon pieces of calico or other fabric powdered with French chalk, to allow of the easy separation of the two; and to increase the rigidity and durability of gutta percha driving bands, strips of some fabric are to be affixed to the wearing parts, and both surfaces coated with the antimonized caoutchouc. 3. To remove the shiny appearance of single texture garments, &c., Mr. Burke coats them with the antimonized caoutchoue, dissolved in some suitable menstruum, and mixed with ground silk or cotton, which is stated to have the effect of giving the article the appearance of cloth. 4. Gutta percha soles and heels are proposed to be defended at the edges, where they are exposed to great wear and tear, with metal tips, shields, and guards. Claims.1. The treating caoutchouc, gutta percha, or their compounds, with the antimony compound. 2. The mode of manufacturing driving bands. 3. Coating waterproof articles with antimonized caoutchouc, mixed with ground silk, cotton, or wool. 4. The manufacture of gutta percha soles and heels with metal tips, shields, and guards. JOHN HORSLEY, Ryde, Isle of Wight, practical chemist. For certain improvements in preventing incrustation in steam and other boilers; also for purifying, fillering, and otherwise rendering water fit for drinkable purposes. Patent dated April 26, 1849. The first branch of Mr. Horsley's invention consists in the employment of various well-known chemical agents to precipitate the calcareous and other "adventitious mat ters" held in suspension in the water. To "purify, filter, and otherwise render water fit for drinkable purposes," he draws off, by a syphon, the supernatant liquid from the precipitates. ALPHONSE GARNIER, late of Paris, but now of South-street, Finsbury, merchant. For certain improvements in extracting and preparing colouring from orchil. (A communication.) Patent dated April 28, 1849. M. Garnier remarks, that in extracting the colouring matter from lichens, according to the present mode, the lichens are bruised or crushed, and placed in a trough containing water, along with the alkalies for extracting the colour, where they remain for several months, until they assume the consistency of paste which contains, besides the tinctorial extract, ligneous particles, resinous and chlorophylous gums, and other unimportant substances. Now the object of the present invention is to separate the tinctorial from the foreign matter, previously to operating on it with chemical agents, by crushing the dye lichens, and washing, boiling, or distilling them to obtain a decoction, which is to be filtered for the purpose of separating the ligneous particles. Liquid deuto-chloride of tin is then added, and allowed to precipitate, after which the liquid is poured off, and the remaining precipitate is the substance, from which the colouring matter is to be extracted by the application of known chemical agents. Claim.-Operating upon the colouring matter of dye lichens, or orchil, alone with chemical or physical agents, and obtaining it in a purer state. JOHN BARSHAM, Chelmsford, Essex; for improvements in separating the fibre from cocoa-nut husks. Patent dated October 26, 1849. Pieces of cocoa-nut husks are to be subjected to the action of a pair of crushing rollers, revolving at different speeds, in conse quence of the difference of their diameters, and having longitudinal grooves on their peripheries, the dragging effect of which will separate, or partially separate the fibre from the husks. The husks which may be either used wet or dry, are afterwards subjected to the action of a series of rotary combs in the following manner :-Three or more cylinders, fitted with comb teeth in their peripheries, are mounted on a common axle, and have each in front a sliding rest, upon which the piece of husk (the point being previously cut off,) is held by the workman, who, at the same time, pushes it towards the comb, whereby the fine fibre will be combed No ENGLISH PATENTS SEALED THIS WEEK. WEEKLY LIST OF DESIGNS FOR ARTICLES OF UTILITY REGISTERED. Joseph Deeley, of the London and Newport Iron Works, Newport, Monmouthshire, RESPECTFULLY recommends to the notice of the Public his Patent Foundry Furnace, which has been effectually tested and is now in constant use at the above works, where it may be inspected by all persons interested. This Furnace operates without the aid of any motive power to impel the air. An immense saving is the consequence, both in erecting and working. One-third of the coke usually required is more than sufficient; a loss of only twenty-two pounds to the ton being sustained in smelting. The Iron melted in this Furnace also undergoes an extraordinary improvement in quality.-Scotch Pig and Scrap being returned equal to the best cold blast in point of strength, and capable of being chipped or filed with the greatest facility. Foundries using the Furnace may exist in the most densely populated cities, without causing the least nuisance, all smoke, dust, and noise being entirely avoided. The Foreign Patent Rights of the above are for disposal, affording Capitalists the most favourable opportunity for profitable investment.-Apply to the Patentee as above. 166, Fleet-street, London; and 99B, New-street > Birmingham. (Of. which firm Mr. J. C. ROBERTSON, the EDITOR of the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE from its commencement in 1823, is principal partner,) undertake The procuration of Patents For England, Scotland, Ireland, and all Foreign Countries, and the transaction generally of all business relating to PATENTS. Specifications Drawn or Revised. DISCLAIMERS, AND MEMORANDUMS OF ALTERATION PREPARED AND ENROLLED. Caveats Entered and Oppositions Conducted. CONFIRMATIONS AND PROLONGATIONS Searches made for Patents, and Copies or Advice on Cases submitted, &c. &c. INTENDING PATENTEES supplied gratis with Printed Instructions, on Application, either personally or by letter. AGENTS: For Manchester, Messrs. Wise and Wood, 3, Cooper-street. For New York, Mr. Thomas Prosser, 11, Platt-street. Advantages of Registering Designs for Articles of Utility. Under the New Designs Act, 6 and 7 Vic. c. 65. Protection for the whole of the three Kingdoms by one Act of Registration. Protection for a term of three years. Protection at a moderate expense (from 121. to 204.) Protection immediate, (may be obtained in most cases within a couple of days.) Power of granting licenses for any of the three Kingdoms, or any of the cities, towns, or districts thereof, to one, two, three, or any greater number of persons. Summary remedy for Infringements. For a copy of the Act, with Table of Fees, and Explanatory Remarks, see Mechanics' Magazine, No. 1047, price 3d.; and for Lists of Articles registered under the New Act, see the subsequent Monthly Parts. Specifications and Drawings, according to the Provisions of the Act, prepared, and Registrations effected without requiring the personal attendance of parties in London, by Messrs. ROBERTSON and Co., Patent and Designs Registration Agents; 166. Fleet-street, and 99B, New-street, Birmingham; or by their Manchester Agents, Messrs. Wise and Wood, 3, Cooper-street. Ornamental Designs also registered under the 5 and 6 Vic., c. 100. Central Patent Agency Office, Brussels. IT has long been the opinion of many Scientific Men, Inventors and Manufacturers, that it would be of the greatest utility to establish in some central part of Europe, a Consulting Agency Office, directed by an experienced Engineer, who might assist Inventors by his experience and advice, to procure Patents (Brevets) and prepare the requisite papers, and to promote generally the interests of his clients. Influenced by this prevailing feeling on the subject, M. Joв DIXON, consulting Engineer, Knight of the Netherlands Lion, &c., has, at the solicitation of numerous scientific friends in England and the Continent, opened a Patent Agency Office at Brussels, Rue d'Artifice, 84, bis, Boulevard de Waterloo, Where orders will be received for the Procuration of Patents of Invention for the various States of Europe, and the United States of America; and where Mr. DIXON may be personally advised with on all matters relating to the Securing of Patents for Inventions or to the working of the same. : Persons favouring Mr. DIXON with their commands, may rely on the most judicious care, confidence, and dispatch. N.B. All letters or packages to be addressed postpaid. On the Introduction of the Differential Nota- On the Means of Repairing Wharf-walls when Beniowski-Printing Machine 426 428 428 Oxlands-Manufacture of Sugar Iles-Picture Frames, &c....... Thompson-Sewer-traps, &c. 429 Burke-Caoutchouc and Gutta Percha 430 Horsley-Prevention of Incrustation in Boilers, &c........ Garnier-Extracting Colouring Matters....... Barsham-Separating Cocoa-nut Fi bres Specification Due, but not Enrolled: 430 431 ........ 431 431 431 William Falconbridge-Pipes, &c., for Atmospheric Railways.... Weekly List of New Articles of Utility Registered Advertisements. LONDON: Edited, Printed, and Published, by Joseph Clinton Robertson, of No. 166, Fleetstreet, in the City of London, and 998, Newstreet, Birmingham.-Sold by A. and W. Galig nani, Rue Vivienne, Paris; Machin and Co. Dub lin; W. C. Campbell and Co., Hamburgh. |