lying and swindling in Trade and Politics, 575. On Government in

General, 576. Man's Desire to Rule, and his Craving for Admiration,

577. Cause of long Duration of the Chinese as a Nation, 578. Mr.

Mill's desirable State of Society, 578. His chief Measure for securing

it impracticable, 579. The Civilizing Processes produce an improved

Humanity and Beauty for Man in inanimate Nature, 580. Best re-

membered Prospects of inanimate Nature seen by Writer, 581.

Prospect on the north-east Coast of England, 581. Prospect from

the Brocken, 582. Prospect from the Hills of Chapoo, 582. Pro-

spect from the Palace-hill at Loochoo, with some Description

of the Principality, 584. Prospect from the Great Pyramid, 588.

Esthetic result, for Man, of Trade and Agriculture on Sea, Marsh,

Plain and Mountain, 588. Trading Communities produce the greatest

Philosophers, Artists, and Warriors, 589. Peace not necessarily ener-

vating, 590. Perseverance a Civilized Method, 591. On War, 592.

Wars Barbarous or Civilized in their Origin, 592. The International

Service and its Functions, 592. Our War with Russia Civilized in its

Origin, 593. War in its Conduct, or Barbarous and Civilized War-

fare, 593. Destructive Engines civilize War, 594. Slaughter of

Wounded, why Discivilizing, 595. Use of poisoned Arrows a Step in

the civilizing of War, 596. Moorsom Shells an Instrument of Civi-

lized Warfare, 597. Our Poet-laureate on the Horrors of Peace and

the Blessings of War, 598. On War-dancing, 599. The Chinese

Barbarous in the Conduct of War, 599. Some Chinese War-dancing

at the Siege of Shanghae, 600. A Shot on the Great River, 603.

British War-dancing, 605. Struggle with Russia anticipated, and

Public Service Examinations recommended nine years ago, 605. Our

Boasting Barbarous, 608. Military Bands, 610. "Maud" and Noses,

snub and aquiline, 610. Barbarisms of our Dress, 611. Our black

Hat, 612. Nature and purposes of Dress generally, 612. Civilizing

Process requires Independence, 613. On Shaving, 614. On Military

Dress, 615. Treatment of Animals by Chinese and Anglo-Saxons, 615.

Our Treatment of Horses, &c., 615. Chinese Procedure with domestic

Animals, 616. Chinese Boy and Goose, 616. Chinese Servants and

Shanghae Fowl, 617. Dogs and Moral Agencies, 618. Communica-

tion with Dogs by Language, 618. Importance of Language to Civilization,

620. Universal Language now Forming, 622. Civilization simplifies

Forms of Address, 623. Gain from simplification of our Official

Letters, 624. Simplification of Forms in the House of Commons,

625. Barbarous Old English Lettering in the House, 627. The same

on the new Florin, 627. Scott's Novels and barbarizing Imitations of

ancient Times, 628. Slavery essentially Barbarous, 628. The States of

ancient Greece Barbarous as Slave States, 629. The Fine Arts not

a Proof of true Civilization, 631. Anglo-Saxon Females really Slaves,
632. Civilization requires Political Union of Nations, 633. Position of
Females in China, 634. Duelling, 635. Civilization and Freedom,
636. Freedom in China, 637. Value of British fundamental Insti-
tutions, 637.

APPENDIX A.-ON MILITARY DRESS.

APPENDIX B.-FORM FOR OFFICIAL LETTERS.

APPENDIX C.-EXECUTION AT CANTON.

MAP OF CHINA PROPER, to face Title.

SKETCH MAP OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE, to face page 1.

SKETCH MAP OF KWANG TUNG, to face page 6.

ERRATA.

At page 48, line 26, for "favorably" read "favorable."

,, 108, note, line 1, for "Ham kenn" read "Han keun."

176, line 30, for "They then defeated" read "They there defeated."

,, 196, line 25, for "Chin heang" read "Chin keang."

54, line 15, for "Au tchang fou" read "Ou tchang fou."

,, 137, line 9, for "peik" read "peih."

,, 207, line 19, for " Yang chun "read" Yung shun."

,, 231, line 35, at the end of the second paragraph supply a ].

,, 261, line 7, for "Tee ping" read "Tae ping."

261, line 10, for "text" read "last page."

,, 306, line 3, for "ten years" read "eleven years."

364, lines 16 and 22, for "Panthier" read "Pauthier."

470, line 24, for "they may not act together" read "they may act

together."

THE

CHINESE AND THEIR REBELLIONS.

CHAPTER I.

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE
MACHINERY.

THE present Chinese Empire is composed of five great divisions, Manchooria, Mongolia, Turkestan or Little Bucharia, Tibet, and lastly China Proper. It is with the last only, which is occupied by the 360 millions of that peculiar people whom we call Chinese, that we have here almost exclusively to do.

The first-named divisions are of great extent, are thinly inhabited, as compared with China Proper, and are each much less civilized.

Manchooria is the country of the Manchoo Tartars, a half settled, half nomadic race which has attracted attention chiefly because it is that from which sprang the present Imperial dynasty of China.

Mongolia is mainly composed of deserts; and is altogether occupied by veritable nomads, shepherds living in tents. They are the most believing of Lamaistic Buddhists.

Turkestan is inhabited by a settled Turkish race of Mahommedan faith. It contains the two great and famed cities of Cashgar and Yarkand; besides a few smaller, bearing names less familiar to our ears.

B