Blue, scarcely enough to give it a purple tinge. Then put the same colour rather stronger in the centre of each Petal, shadowing it off lighter towards the edge. In the centre of those Petals of which you see the outside, put, in like manner, a strong shadow of Burnt Sienna or Burnt Umber, as also on the unblown flowers. Let the Filaments be of a paler pink than the Petals, with yellow Anthers-the Pistils of very deep Lake, with a little Prussian Blue, so as to make a crimson much deeper than the Petals. The flower-stalks more red than green; at the base a strong red. Involucrum round the Stalks a light Burnt Sienna, shadowed rather deeper in streaks.

Plate 12. Lychnis Dioica. Leaves of a bright green -Stems and Calix washed first with a paler green, then very strongly tinged with Lake, particularly about the buds, so as to become almost red. The Petals of a bright Lake, leaving the small scales at the mouth of the tube quite white. The principal caution to be observed is to lay the colour on equally, and not so thick as to obscure the shadowing of the plate.

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING.
LESSON XII.-PLATE 12.

FEARING that the directions given in our last lesson for finding the windows of the bow, may not have been very clear, we purpose to repeat them on a larger scale, and separated from the bow itself, which we shall consider to have been previously found according to our last rule. In Plate 12, Fig. 1, we have a bow of twenty-six feet diameter: it contains three windows, of which the proportion of each window to the space of wall between them, is as six feet to two-and we have thus marked them on the scale by the dotted lines (a a a.) We draw thence to the point of distance (F) the diagonals (bb.) From the points where these diagonals cut the visual ray (cc), which is the base of the house, we pro

ject horizontally the dotted lines (d d), till they form a point of contact with the circle of the bow, and give the perpendiculars of the windows (e e.) Our readers will readily perceive that as only three of these perpendiculars can be visible, only three need be found-though on our ground scale we marked them all.

To fill up our plate, we have marked the method of finding the apparent proportion of figures at different distances. Let (a), Fig. 2, be a man standing near the base of our picture, drawn in due proportion to other objects equally near. The visual rays (bb) will give his height at any distance as he walks in a direct line forward. But as he may go to the right or to the left, we must then determine the height, by the dotted lines (ccc) drawn to any part of the landscape in which we desire to place the figure.

GEOGRAPHICAL READINGS.

ASIA.

IN the order usually prescribed by Geographers, we pass from Europe to Asia, the opposite direction, it is true, from that which nature and Providence have taken. This, till the discovery of America, was by far the largest continent and division of the globe, and it is still in many respects the first-in wealth and population greatly so, for America is as yet comparatively a wilderness; though if the world so long subsists, and things continue to take the same course as they have done hitherto, it will probably at some time supersede the other three continents in every thing. It seems to be the system, almost universal in this world, that things should advance gradually and slowly to their highest point, and then as gradually decline, to rise not again. It has been so with Africa and so with Asia already-Europe is mid-way on the course -perhaps at this moment at its highest reach of power

and civilization-America is only now beginning to play its part in this changing scene. It is not permitted us to see beyond, except in so far as we may guess of what will be by what has been already.

For our

The Continent of Asia, without including the Islands of the Southern Sea, extends from within one or two degrees of the Equator, to the seventy-seventh degree of North Latitude. In this vast district every variety of season and climate must of course be found—from the extreme point of Siberia, five degrees more northerly than the summit of Lapland already mentioned, subjected to more than three long months of perpetual darkness, and hardly compensated by an equal length of unintermitting day, to regions where the sun rises every morning through the year at the same hour-shines from six to six with almost perpendicular beams through their twice-returning summer, and distinguishing the two-fold winter only by a more oblique and milder ray. readers will understand that the sun being on the Equator in Spring and Autumn, those who dwell there must have two summers; and as it retires northward and southward, of course two winters also: but still the length of day and night remains the same; the difference of heat being occasioned by the sun being more or less nearly vertical, rising, that is, perpendicularly over those places. These tropical regions have very little twilight, but pass almost immediately from light to darkness, for as the sun in rising goes immediately upward, without circling the horizon as with us, so in setting he goes directly down, and is quickly sunk too far below to lend even the reflected glimmerings of the twilight.

Asia is bounded on the North as Europe is, being no other than the continuance of the same shore watered by the Frozen Ocean. On the East lies the great Pacific, which separates it from the Continent of America; to this it approaches so nearly at the northern extremity, as to be separated only by a very narrow straight; towards the South an immense extent of Ocean lies be