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reasons, be abolished, and such a course would, in the opinion of Dr. Howard, tend to diminish the prevalence of typhoid fever. He also advises that boards of health everywhere should look after the proper treatment or disposal of horse manure, primarily in order to reduce the number of house flies to a minimum, and that all regulations regarding the disposal of garbage and foul matter should be more stringent and should be more strictly enforced. It is a fact that in cleanly towns and localities flies are not generally numerous. By the adoption-in civil communities and in military camps-of as sanitary measures as circumstances will permit, and, above all, by the prompt disposal of garbage and other filth which may be calculated to attract flies, a demonstrated cause of spreading disease will be greatly curtailed.

time have I been tempted to cry out with honest old Gonzalo, "Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre of barren ground," desiring, like him, "to die a dry death." But since I learned how to deal with this sea monster, if I may so call the dreadful sickness, I have never once fed Mother Carey's chickens. Some years ago I read in a newspaper a communication from a gentleman who said he had made many trips to Europe, but was uniformly a great sufferer. When he went aboard the steamer he went directly to his berth, and then lay flat on his back. After a day or two on the sea he would crawl up on deck and stretch himself out there. While on deck one day he amused himself by breathing with the ship.

As the ship went down he breathed out; as it came up he breathed in. He soon found that his disagreeable feelings were passing away. After a while he got on hist

MORE CURES FOR SEA-SICKNESS. feet, continuing the synchronous breath

HERE is another theory for sea-sickness: It has been noticed that deaf mutes are rarely affected with sea-sickness. The semicircular canals of the internal ear are probably absent or negative in function in these people. These canals are not organs of hearing, but of equilibration; and when disturbed give rise to vertigo and nausea. Dr. William Jones, of Cambridge, Mass., claims that a counter-irritant applied to the skin behind the ear will relieve sea-sickness. The counter-irritant may be a blister, or simply rubbing the part until the skin is slightly exxcoriated.

Nash, in The New York Times, says: In an editorial article on sea-sickness which appeared in this morning's Times you came very near the truth when you wrote: "The best explanation of It which has come to our knowledge is that it is a disturbance of the nerve centers due to a lack of coincidence between the optical and the physical sensations."

I have traveled over many thousands of miles of sea, and many

a

ing process. His recovery was complete. He stated that he afterward made thirteen trips across the Atlantic without suffering any inconvenience except for the first three or four hours after striking the swell of the ocean.

I immediately put this voyager's theory into practice, and I can assure you that now nothing is pleasanter to me than a long sea voyage.

All the nostrums usually taken are worse than useless. The above remedy is simple and I believe specific.

BABY STORY.

SCHOOLBOY: "Did you know about that baby that was fed on elephant's milk, and gained twenty pounds a day?"

SCHOOLMASTER (indignantly): "No, I didn't. Whose baby was it?-answer me or I'll thrash you."

SCHOOLBOY: "The elephant's baby."-The Schoolmaster.

SOMETHING ABOUT SALT.

ACCORDING to the census report, 15,187,819, barrels of salt were harvested in 1899, 5,206,510 barrels of which came from Michigan, the first in the list of salt-producing States; New York stands second, with 4,894,852 barrels; Kansas third with 1,645,250, and Ohio fourth with 1,460,516. California, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Oklahoma, and Massachusetts follow in the order named, none reaching a million barrels. The value of the product was $7,966,897, or about 50 cents a barrel, a barrel holding five bushels or 280 pounds. This salt, something over four and a half billion pounds, was consumed among something over seventysix millions of people, about six pounds per person. The first attempt to make salt was at Plymouth, Mass., in 1624, the material being sea water, but it was not successful, and until the Revolution we brought our salt from over the sea, instead of out of it. Up to 1812 we made most of our salt out of sea water about New Bedford and Cape Cod. The three kinds of salt produced are rock salt, mined from the veins in the ground: solar salt, produced by running the brine into pools where it is evaporated by the sun; and the boiling process, where the brine is boiled in pans and vats; this is by far the most in use, 11,733,166 barrels being produced in this way to 910,974 solar and 2,543,679 rock. The brine used in boiling comes from springs, or wells. The amount of imported salt used in 1899 was only 8.3 per cent. Not included in the productions cited are about four and a half million barrels as intermediate product used in the manufacture of chemicals, not properly marketable salt. If every other source were to stop producing salt, there is still enough in the waters of Great Salt Lake in Utah to supply the world with salt for thousands of years.-Philadelphia Medical Journal.

CIGARETTE SMOKING.

THE question of the harmfulness of cigarette smoking, according to the Med. Record, is continually coming to the front. Dr. H. F. Fiske, Principal of the Northwestern Academy in Evanston, Ill., has recently stated that only 2 per cent. of those addicted to cigarette smoking in the school had been able to reach the first grade, while in the lowest grade there was a percentage of such smokers of 57.

A mass of evidence has been brought against the cigarette as a most injurious factor in undermining the health, and especially of seriously affecting the nervous systems of persons accustomed to smoking them to a large extent.

There can be no doubt that cigarette. smoking is exceedingly harmful to the young, and probably smoking of any description in adolescence or adult age is calculated to be opposed to sustained mental effort.

That, however, cigarette smoking in itself is more harmful than are the other modes of using tobacco has never been proved; indeed, the experience of those who have made a study of the matter points to an opposite conclusion. The experiments made by the Health Department of Chicago, some five years ago, failed to reveal any of the peculiar insidious and noxious properties in several brands of cigarettes examined which it is often stated they possess, and the analysis undertaken in the laboratory of the London Lancet three years ago, of many brands, both American and English, reached similar results.

Smoking when young is harmful in many ways, and undoubtedly, as Dr. Fiske says, tends to weaken and deaden the mental faculties.

For this reason, therefore, cigarette smoking is to be condemned in the young, and not because the cigarette per se is especially injurious.

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ANISM.

donne the Hill to ye well and there pulled HORACE GREELEY ON VEGETARIou( ) Elizabeth pearce the Daughter of ye sayd Ephraim and Hannah () his wife, then this Deponant returned with speed to ye hou() of ye sd Ephraim where ye sayd Hannah had layd her sayd Daughter on ye Bedd, where this Deponant sayth to ye best of her understanding she found ye sayd Elizabeth pearce the Daughter of ye sayd Ephraim Aged about one yeare and halfe to be absolutely Dedd, tho this deponant and ye sayd Mother of ye sayd Childe did use what meanes they could to presearve life but it could not be for ye Childe as aforesd was Dedd and further this Deponant sayth not Taken this: 15th of August 1679 before me

John Whipple, Assistant. Here followeth the jurys Verdict. Our verdict is Wee find that Elizabeth pearce the Daughter of Ephraim pearce and Hannah his wife, Aged aboute one yeare and a halfe or there abouts, Exadentally fell into the well and was overwhelmed in water and by the Providence of God Drownded. Here followeth ye names of ye Coroners Inquest.

Richard Arnold forrman
Capt. William hopkins
Leit John Dexter

"My wife, whose acquaintance I made at the Graham House, and who was long a more faithful, consistent disciple of Graham than I was, in our years of extreme poverty kept her house in strict accordance with her convictions; never even deigning an explanation to her friends and relatives, whofrom time to time visited and temporarily sojourned with us; and as politeness on their part repressed complaint or inquiry on their part, their first experiences of a regimen which dispensed with all they deemed most appetizing could hardly be observed without a smile. Usually, a day, or at most two, of beans and potatoes, boiled rice, puddings, bread and butter, with no condiment but salt, and never a pickle, was all they could abide; so, in bidding her a kind adieu, each in turn departed to seek elsewhere a more congenial hospitality.

"But what peculiar effects of a vegetable diet did you experience? some will naturally ask. I answer generally, 'Much the same as rum-drinker notes after a brief return to water drinking exclusively. I first felt a quite perceptible sinking of animal spirits. a partial relaxation or depression of natu

ral energies. It seemed as though I could not lift so much, jump so high, nor run so fast as when I ate meat. After a time this lowering of the tone of the physical system passed away or became imperceptible. On the other hand, I had no feeling of repletion or over-fullness; I had no headache, and scarcely an ache of any sort; my health was stubbornly good; and any cut or other flesh. wound healed more easily and rapidly than formerly. Other things being equal, I judge that a strict vegetarian will live ten years longer than a habitual flesh eater, while suffering, in the average, less than half as much from sickness as the carnivorous must. The simple fact that animals are often diseased when killed for food, and that the flesh of those borne in crowded cars, from far inland, to be slaughtered for the sustenance of sea-board cities, is almost always and inevitably feverish and unwholesome, ought to be conclusive.

"On the whole, I am convinced by the observation and experience of a third of a century, that all public danger lies in the direction opposite to that of vegetarianism." -The Autobiography of Horace Greeley.

MEDICAL JOURNALS IN AMERICA.

AMERICA can now boast of seven great weeklies, 260 monthlies, and some 25 other journals of various kinds. New journals recently established, are: American Medi

cine, of Philadelphia; Detroit Medical Journal, Detroit, Mich.; Texas Medical Gazette, Fort Worth, Tex.; Journal of New York Medical Association, Albany; Journal of Surgical Technology, New York City; Doctor's Magazine, Alma, Mich.; Regular Medical Visitor, St. Louis, Mo.

THE PENALTY OF LOVE.

"If love should count you worthy, and should deign

One day to seek your door and be your guest,

Pause! ere you draw the bolt and bid him rest,

If in your old content you would remain,
For not alone he enters: in his train,

Are angels of the mists, the lonely quest,
Dreams of the unfulfilled, and unpos-

sessed,

And sorrow, and Life's immemorial pain.

"He wakes desire you never may forget, He shows you stars you never saw before,

He makes you share with him, for ever

more,

The burdens of the world's divine regret. How wise are you to open not! —and yet, How poor if you should turn him from

the door."

Department of Physiologic Chemistry.

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIETETICS AND NUTRITION IN GENERAL.

MODERN ANTISEPTICS.

BY L. H. WARNER, A. M., PH.G., M.D.

OF the greatest importance to the human. race is the elimination from the system of any toxic material which might destroy the physio-chemical composition of the cells and tissues which comprise the human anatomy. Although bacteria were created to help us in our vicissitudes to eliminate from the system certain toxic elements which are created during the process of digestion, or enter the system by other channels, these very same factors may become the most detrimental enemies in the event of our offering them the opportunity to ravage upon a feeding ground which we produce by improper care and attention to the necessities of the animal body, and this is especially applicable to womankind.

The structure of the female anatomy differs so much from that of the male that a duty devolves upon womankind to pay stricter attention to her various anatomical organs than would be required of man. The differentiation of the functions of the different sexes is the explanation for the statement heretofore rendered.

Where a destruction of tissue in man might exhibit itself clinically in a general malaise it will exhibit itself differently in woman. The first part of the female anatomy attacked will be the pelvic organs, after indiscreet living, over-indulgence, etc. The abnormality will exhibit itself in the form of an abnormal elimination, pain in the back, general malaise, nervousness and many times as a supposed affection of the digestive tract. All these conditions may

be observed by the laity in sallowness of complexion, weakness, nervousness, bloating of abdomen and irritation of the patient upon the slightest pretext and as a rule, the advice of some patent nostrum is resorted to or the advice of some fellow sufferer, who has not been able to cure herself by her own clever suggestion, is followed, and this invariably leads to the indiscreet use of various antiseptics which have produced more suffering to womankind than anything else might have done. I am well aware that the prospective idea of submitting herself to a gynecological examination will deter the majority of women from asking proper advice whenever the first signs tending to disease are observed.

Little have we considered the deleterious effects of certain antiseptics, composed of salts of mercury or coal-tar products, and the destructive effect they have upon the mucous membrane of the pelvic organs. Catarrhal or inflammatory exudation from the mucous membrane of the pelvic organs is so frequently met with that there is little wonder that perfectly healthy women are rarely found. Hygienic or dietetic measures alone are not sufficient to overcome this state of affairs, and the belief by the majority of patients that strict observance of hygienic and dietetic rules will at least alleviate their suffering proves almost futile.

The true fact is that whenever and wherever inflammatory processes have appeared, antisepsis is the only means to resort to for immediate relief. All inflammatory pro

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