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The Origin of the British Constitution-Of Parliamentary
Government-The Feudal System-Taxation of the Country
-Origin of the Houses of Lords and Commons-Parlia-
ment-Rights of Englishmen-Habeas Corpus Act-Bill of
Rights-Magna Carta-The Press
LETTER III.
THE QUEEN.
pp. 3-15
The Three Estates of the Realm-Duties of Government-
The Royal Office-Succession to the Throne-The Royal
Prerogative-The Ministry-The Revenue-The Civil List
-The Royal Family-Royal Marriage Act
pp. 16-21
LETTER IV.
THE HOUSE OF LORDS.
The United Parliament-Composition of the House of Lords-
Spiritual Peers-Temporal Peers-Rank of Spiritual Peers
Titles and Rank of Temporal Peers-Creation of Peerages
-Voting by the Peers-Privileges of the Peerage-The
Supreme Court of Appeal
pp. 22-26
LETTER V.
THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The Reform Bills of 1832 and 1867-Rotten Boroughs-Party
Spirit-An Election under the Old System-The present
Composition of the House-Disqualification of Voters-
Proceedings at a Modern Election-The Issuing of the
Writ-The Nomination-Show of Hands-The Returning
Officer-The Polling-The Return-Rights and Duties of
Members
pp. 27-45
LETTER VI.
THE ADVISERS OF THE CROWN.
The Privy Council-The Judicial Committee-The Cabinet
Council-The Attorney and Solicitor General-The Ministry,
its Composition and Policy-The Opposition
LETTER VII.
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.
pp. 46-49
Opening of Parliament-Election and Duties of Speaker-The
Speech from the Throne-The Business of Government-
Passing Bills, Public and Private-Divisions of the House-
Voting by Peers-by the Commons-The Royal Assent-
The Budget-Committee of " Ways and Means"—of Supply
-Mutiny Act-Prorogation.
66
LETTER VIII.
THE NATIONAL DEBT.
pp. 50-56
Its Origin-The Funds-Funding System-Transfer of Stock
-Price of Money-Reduction of Debt-Sinking Fund-
Amount of Debt at various Periods of our History-Revenue
--Exports and Imports-Balance of Trade
LETTER IX.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
pp. 57-62
Its Principle, Origin, and Objects-High Sheriff and Lord
Lieutenant of the County-Local Rates-The Parish and
its Officers-The Constable-Churchwardens-Surveyor of
Highways-The Vestry, General and Select-The Poor Law
-The Law of Settlement-Operation of the Old Poor Law
-The New Poor Law-Municipal Corporations - Town
Councils-Mayor and Aldermen-Boards of Health-Im-
provement Commissioners
pp. 63-70
LETTER X.
THE CHURCH.
History of the Church of England-Authority of the Pope-
The Reformation-Puritans-Roman Catholics-Jews, Dis-
abilities of-Constitution and Discipline of the Church—
Bishop-Dean and Chapter-Priest-Deacon-Tithes
Ordinations-Church Accommodation-Convocation
pp. 71-80
LETTER XI.
THE ARMY.
Origin and History of Standing Armies-The Feudal System-
Mercenary Soldiers-Ancient Warfare The Mutiny Act-
The Secretary for War-The Staff-Cavalry-Infantry-
Quartering of Troops-Camps-Purchase System-Price of
Commissions-Pay of Officers-Brevet Rank-Recruiting—
Pay of Privates-Dragoon Regiments-Names of Regiments
-The Royal Artillery-The Royal Engineers-Precedence
of Corps-Local Regiments-Courts Martial-Order of the
Bath-Victoria Cross-Decorations-Pensions and Rewards
-The Militia-The Yeomanry
LETTER XII.
THE NAVY.
pp. 81-96
Popularity of the Navy-Early History-Naval Ascendancy-
Prizes of War-Size of Men-of-War-The Board of Admi-
ralty-Rating of Ships-Officers of a Man-of-War-Stations
of Ships-Pay of Officers-Relative Army and Navy Rank
-Commissions in the Navy-Pay of Warrant Officers-of
Sailors-Pensioners-The Coast Guard-Royal Marines-
Pay in the Marines pp. 97-107
LETTER XIII.
THE CIVIL SERVICE.
Nature of the Civil Service-The Treasury-The Secretaries of
State's Offices-Boards of Admiralty, Trade, Customs, In-
land Revenue Post Office-Paymaster General's Office-
Military Offices-Parliament Offices—Board of Works, &c.
LETTER XIV.
THE LAW.
pp. 108-113
The Common Law-Statute Law-Civil Law-Roman Civil
Law-Equity-Conflicts of Law and Equity-New Pro-
cedure-Interpretation of the Law-The Sheriff, his Office and Responsibility in executing and enforcing the Law
LETTER XV.
pp. 114-117
THE COURTS OF LAW AND EQUITY, AND THEIR PROCEDURE.
The Superior Courts-Circuits of the Judges-Their several
Commissions-District Courts of Record-Counsel and At-
torney-The Inns of Court-An Action at Law-The Plead-
ings-The Jury-The Trial-The Verdict-Judgment by
Default The Costs-Execution-Judges in Equity
LETTER XVI.
OF CRIMES AND OFFENCES.
pp. 118-127
Definition of Crimes-Treasons-Felonies-Misdemeanours-
Punishments-Costs of Prosecutions-Accessaries and Ac-
complices-Nuisances-Common Law Offences pp. 128-133
LETTER XVII.
OF THE COURTS OF CRIMINAL LAW.
The High Court of Parliament-The Court of the Lord High
Steward-The Queen's Bench-Office of Coroner-Of Jus-
tices of the Peace-The Assize Courts-The Central Criminal
Court-Quarter and Petty Sessions-Jurisdiction of Justices
of the Peace and Police Magistrates pp. 134-138