EXERCISE 6

Separate the following sentences into subject and predicate. Tell which subjects and which predicates are compound.

Model for written exercise:

Jane and Martha | sang and played for us.

1. An archer and a trumpeter were traveling together.

2. The archer boasted of his skill and made fun of the trumpeter.

3. He drew out an arrow and shot an eagle hovering over the tree-tops.

4. A robber and his band were seen approaching with drawn swords.

5. The archer discharged an arrow and laid low the leader of the band.

6. The rest soon overpowered the archer and bound his hands.
7. The purse and wallet of the trumpeter were taken away.
8. The trumpeter said nothing but began to blow on his horn.
9. He blew long and loud.

10. The guards of the king heard the blast, surrounded the band, and carried them off to prison.

The subject of each of the foregoing sentences precedes the predicate. This is the natural position of the subject and predicate. Hence, when the subject precedes the predicate, the order is said to be natural.

11. Inverted Order. Examine these sentences:

Next came the boys.

Stand ye here, my braves.

You will note that in the first of the foregoing sentences the subject follows the predicate; that in the second the subject stands between the parts of the predicate. When the subject follows the predicate or stands between the parts of the predicate, the order is said to be inverted.

An inverted declarative sentence is often introduced by the word there; as,

There were many present.

(Many were present.)

The word there, when used to introduce a sentence, is called an expletive, a term meaning "something that fills out."

In the interrogative sentence the inverted order is almost the rule. Note these examples:

When shall we go? (We shall go when?)

Have they called yet? (They have called yet?)

EXERCISE 7

(1) Tell whether the order of the following sentences is natural or inverted, and restore each inverted sentence to its natural order:

(2) Restore the inverted sentences to their natural order, then separate all into subjects and predicates :

1. How beautiful is youth!

2. Trifles make the life of man.

3. Out of the bay rose the billows.

4. There's nothing so kingly as kindness.

5. Many talk like philosophers and live like fools.

6. One of the sublimest things in the world is plain truth. 7. A dewdrop on the infant plant has warped the giant oak forever.

8. Under the spreading chestnut tree

The village smithy stands.

9. He goes on Sunday to the church
And sits among his boys.

10. Every evening from thy feet

Shall the cool wind kiss the heat. 11. Behind him lay the gray Azores, Behind the gates of Hercules.

12. At midnight, in the month of June, I stand beneath the mystic moon.

EXERCISE 8

(General)

(1) Tell of what kind the following sentences are, place the proper mark of punctuation after each, then separate each into subject and predicate :

1. Here blows the warm red clover.
2. Many things Nokomis taught him
3. What plant we in this apple-tree
4. Lay aside your cloak, O Birch-Tree
5. How the music leaps out of his throat
6. Put on your mantles of purple and gold

7. The mountain and the squirrel had a quarrel

8. What on earth was Uncle Charles talking about

9. The spider is an insect formed by nature for war

10. The bee and the ant have won the admiration of naturalists 11. The sparrows flutter about the windows and peer in curiously

12. A partridge led her brood by my windows, clucking and calling to them

13. The way to be patriotic in America is not only to love America, but to love duty

14. Here once the embattled farmers stood,

And fired the shot heard round the world

(2) Write a paragraph on "My Favorite Game," then point out the sentences and classify each.

(3) Read "The Charge of the Light Brigade (Appendix) carefully. Does Tennyson employ all four kinds of sentences here? Point out examples of as many kinds as you can. Do you find any inverted sentences? If so, point out examples.

CHAPTER II

PARTS OF SPEECH

12. Parts of Speech Defined.

Note this sentence:

James returned yesterday.

In the foregoing sentence, as in all sentences, each word has a certain use, or function. For example, James is used as a name; returned tells what he did; yesterday tells when he returned. The classes into which words are divided according to their use, or function, in the sentence are called the parts of speech.

The parts of speech are the classes into which words are divided according to their use, or function, in the sentence.

While there are many thousands of words in our language, there are only eight parts of speech; namely, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

13. Nouns. Words like man, horse, tree, hill, valley, are used as names. A word of this kind may name: (1) A person; as, John, Mary, aunt, teacher.

(2) A place; as, Louisville, California.

(3) A thing; as, cow, book, army, sleep, honesty, song.

The name of anything is called a noun, a term meaning "name."

A noun is the name of anything.