You will note that in each of the foregoing sentences the italicized word is placed before a substantive and that it shows the relation between the substantive and the verb came. A word placed before a substantive to show its relation to some other word in the sentence is called a preposition, a term meaning " placed before." A preposition is a word placed before a substantive to show its relation to some other word in the sentence. Sometimes the preposition follows the substantive; as, They sailed the seas over (over the seas); It was he that I spoke to (to whom I spoke). The substantive with a preposition is often called the object of the preposition. EXERCISE 14 (1) From the foregoing list select an appropriate preposition and supply it in each blank. (2) Point out the prepositions and tell the substantive used with each: 1. It floated down the river. 2. They rushed upon the enemy. 3. The guard sleeps during the day. 4. Tell him to wait for me until noon. 5. The evil that men do lives after them. 6. All of the ships except five were lost in the storm. 7. Some slaves are bought with money, others with praise. 8. We give good advice by the bucket, but take it by the grain. 9. He who is good at making excuses is seldom good at anything else. 10. It is better for a city to be governed by a good man than by good laws. And connects the words William and Mary, or connects the words Gold and silver, but connects the words red and white. A word used to connect other words is called a conjunction, a term meaning “a joining together." Conjunctions are often used to connect groups of words; thus, On land and on sea. For principle but not for profit. The groups of words connected by conjunctions may be single sentences, which are thereby combined into larger sentences; thus, A conjunction is a word used to connect words or A few conjunctions consist of two members, the former member serving to prepare us for the latter; as, both men and boys, neither gold nor silver. Here both . . . and connects men and boys, neither nor connects gold and silver. ... EXERCISE 15 (1) From the foregoing lists select an appropriate conjunction and supply it in each blank : (2) Point out the conjunctions: 1. Flowers neither toil nor spin. Is our destined end or way; But to act, that each tomorrow 8. The night has a thousand eyes, Yet the light of the bright world dies With the dying sun. 9. This world is not so bad a world As some would like to make it; Though whether good or whether bad, 10. Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just, And this be our motto 20. Interjections. "In God is our trust." Note the italicized words: Ho, the sailor of the seas! The words Oh, lo, Ho, Ah, and ha are thrown into the sentence, so to speak, without grammatical connection, and are used to express strong or sudden feeling. A word used to express strong or sudden feeling is called an interjection, a term meaning "thrown in between." An interjection is a word used to express strong or sudden feeling. An interjection may express joy, pain, delight, sorrow, surprise, disgust, impatience, disappointment, or other feeling. An interjection is often followed by an exclamation point. EXERCISE 16 (1) Point out the interjections in the following sentences: 1. Hum! I guess at it. 6. Ha, ha, ha! life is lovely and 7. Hark! I hear horses. 8. Oh, who are you, young man? 9. O, treachery! Fly, good Fleance, fly! 10. "Hollo! Gluck, my boy," said the pot again. (2) Read "The Pumpkin" (Appendix) carefully, then point out the prepositions and conjunctions in the first ten lines and all the interjections in the poem. 21. Same Word as Different Parts of Speech. Some words, without changing their form, may serve as different parts of speech. Note these examples: Right must win. (Noun used as a name.) They right no wrongs. Act in the right way. All goes right now. (Verb: asserts action.) |