pointed with the wages promised, saying that they received more at a previous place. I inquired at the place they mentioned, and the gentleman said he did not give them as much.

I know of several society women of Washington, D. C., who were in the habit of sending their negro girls out on the streets with their babies in their buggies until they discovered them in a dingy negro shanty being amused by a dozen or more shiny-faced youngsters or having no company at all. Some of them were left in such places for hours, when

their parents thought they were enjoying fresh air.

The negro girls of one community in which we lived had a habit of carrying home every night a supply of food for their families or friends. They could not be induced to remain over night at the place where they worked, however comfortable the quarters prepared for them. They flocked to a settlement where they lived in poorly furnished, dirty houses, and from two to fourteen in a room. In this way they spread gossip and disease, and lived from the white people's tables. This way of living is common among negroes in all of the southern states.

In communities where negro house servants are employed few modern conveniences for facilitating work are to be found. The negroes use a scrub board and scrub brush, because they never heard of a washing machine or mop. They knead dough with their fists, for they never used a bread mixer. The white ladies who employ them do not realize the need of improved facilities, because they don't do the work themselves. Consequently, the most obsolete methods prevail where negro servants are employed exclusively. In other words, such people live in large, beautiful houses devoid of most of the conveniences of life.

A well-known colonel of Richmond, Virginia, recently learned that his negro servant was in the habit of carrying a plate of choice victuals up to her room every morning for her husband, who had no occupation other than to come in through the back door at that time, an early hour in the morning, before the family was up.

The colonel accordingly prepared a plate of pine tar, raw cornmeal and molasses, and with it met his servant carrying the usual plate of breakfast upstairs to her husband. He said: "Sally, I'll take it up this morning," and took it from her. He then set it away, sent her downstairs, and took the mixture he had prepared into the room where her husband was waiting. The negro looked at him and said: "Don't believe I'm hungry this morning, boss." The colonel pulled out a revolver, and, pointing it at him, replied: "Eat every bit of it, or I'll buttonhole you." He ate it without further protest, after which the colonel gave him a whipping with a little rawhide, kicked him out, and advised him never to return.

A president of a well-known southern university was paying his butcher bill at the end of a certain month in 1905, and noticed a charge of porterhouse steak in several places on the bill. Being unable to recall having purchased any such steak during that month, he asked his colored servant about it. The latter replied: "Oh, that was for my wife at home; she can't eat anything but porterhouse; her teeth are poor."

A negro deliveryman last September spilled three gallons of kerosene which I had ordered, and, after paying for the entire bill, I noticed the empty can. He promised to bring the kerosene next day, so I allowed him to keep the money. He put the money in his pocket, brought the kerosene the next day, made out another bill, and turned in both as unpaid. At the end of the month we were charged up with the entire six gallons on those two dates. His proprietor had never heard of the circumstance until I explained it.

The negro does not seem to be altogether responsible for his deeds. His head is undeveloped in the forehead where brain capacity is indicated, and strongly developed in the sensory points indicating lust passion.

The inherited instincts of sensuality and stealing are so pronounced in negroes that they are for the most part very religious, and at the same time frequently find the neighboring chicken roosts and watermelon patches after night.

Rev. Dr. Tucker said at the American Church Congress:

"I have known negroes to steal from each other in the midst of prayermeeting, and rob hen roosts on the way home."

Sensuality seems to go hand in hand with religious superstition in the negro.

I have heard negroes trying to persuade others to accept religion, and a few minutes afterward swear in the most vile terms imaginable.

I witnessed a recent negro revival meeting in which the stovepipe was knocked down by the commotion of the shouting, jumping participants. The minister said: "Pick it up, Broder Jones, de Lawd won't let it burn yo." The brother negro addressed slowly picked the stovepipe up and dropped it a great deal quicker, exclaiming: "De hell he won't!" Dr. Shufeldt says: "At southern negro camp-meetings unbridled lust is a common practice."

It is a pity that more of this general class of negroes do not attend one of the industrial schools, or practice Booker T. Washington's teachings.

As Mr. Washington says, their efficiency is frequently enhanced by the whiskey habit. When wages are high they need only work half as long to obtain enough spending money as when wages are low. Since

many of them require little more than that amount, high wages in such instances are a detriment. Drunkenness has been very prevalent among the southern negroes, and it was not uncommon before local option prevailed to see them half drunk while working.

There are still a few out-of-the-way places in local option districts where men may sneak away and obtain whiskey, but these are vanishing.

The individual, race, or nation is respected as it becomes self-respecting, and its advancement is assured when an impulse to become selfrespecting is awakened. This impulse has not been very forcibly demonstrated among the negro race, as a whole, by the statistics or observation.

Many negroes have been employed in responsible positions, but comparatively few have retained them with any degree of success. In the various government departments I know of twelve negroes who hold positions as messengers and clerks. Some of them have been school teachers, and all have attended a high school or university. Not one of them can be depended upon to construct a correct sentence. They frequently do their work correctly, but whenever it involves much thinking it has to be looked over by others before being filed.

There are at present thirty-eight negroes on the police force in Washington, D. C.

I have also known negro policemen in Chicago, St. Louis, Omaha, Lincoln, and Denver. They are, on the whole, less active and courageous than the white police. They will arrest a boy or try to maintain order under ordinary circumstances, but in case of emergency, or real danger, they will avoid it, and allow an armed white man to escape every time rather than face his pistol. They render the best service among the negro districts of Washington, St. Louis, or any other city, for they understand their own race better.

Negroes were never known to rob a railroad train or commit a daring assault. Their crime usually consists of snatching a purse from or assaulting a lady.