GEOGRAPHY (Marks: Each question, 20.) TWO AND A HALF HOURS Answer (a) Question 1 and ONE other question from Section 1, (b) THREE questions from Sections 2 and 3, including at least ONE from each of these sections. Section 1. You are advised to spend not more than half an hour on question 1. 1. Study the Ordnance Survey map provided (part of Sheet SD (1:25,000), the grid references of the corners being 860700, 040700, 040560, 860560). (a) Describe the coastal features of the Nith estuary at low tide. (b) Describe the most direct route for a walker from Nether Glensone (917595) to Congeith (871660). Estimate the distance covered and the altitude of the highest point. (c) (i) Draw a sketch-map to show why roads meet at New Abbey (964663). (ii) Suggest further reasons for the growth of a settlement there. (d) (i) Draw a section to show if the river Nith is visible to an observer looking east from Meikle Hard Hill (935627). (ii) Without drawing a section, explain if any part of Shambellie Wood (north of New Abbey) is likely to be visible from Abbey Fell (940615). 2. (a) On the map (i) insert and name the tropic of Cancer and parallel 40°S.; (ii) indicate by arrows the direction over the Pacific Ocean of the prevailing winds (1) south of 40°S., (2) between the tropic of Cancer and the equator; (iii) indicate by arrows the direction of two cold (C) and two warm (W) Atlantic Ocean currents; (iv) shade an area of scanty rain bordering the South Atlantic and an area of abundant rain bordering the North Pacific. ABC (b) A, B, C, D, E are stations marked on the map. Rainfall (inches) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0.8 1.1 2.0 4.1 7.8 24.2 31.7 26.0 18.3 5.3 0.2 0.2 (i) Account for the difference at A between the total rainfall in summer and in winter. (ii) Name the season of maximum rain at B and state why rainfall is abundant then. (iii) Explain why rain falls in all seasons at C. (c) Why is winter very cold at (i) D, (ii) E? 3. Choose three of the following: waterfall, canyon, spring line, delta, ox-bow lake. For each, (i) state the location of a particular example; (ii) explain how such a feature has been formed, using diagrams to illustrate your answer. 4. Choose three of the following industries: aluminium smelting, chemical manufacturing, shipbuilding, cotton textile manufacturing, fish canning. For each industry chosen, (i) draw a sketch-map to show the location of an area outside the British Isles where it is important; (ii) state the conditions which have assisted the growth of the industry there. Section 2. Answer at least ONE question from this section. 5. (a) On the map (i) name the North York Moors, the Lincoln Wolds, Holderness, the Vale of Pickering; (ii) insert and name the rivers Aire, Ouse, Tees and Trent. (b) Within the area covered by the map, locate (i) a wool textile manufacturing district, (ii) a town engaged in the heavy steel industry, in each case suggesting the reasons for the growth of the industry. 6. Describe (i) the chief features of relief and drainage, (ii) the climate, (iii) the ways in which people gain a livelihood, in either Northern Ireland or Scotland north of the Central Lowlands. 7. (a) Draw a sketch-map of the basin of the river Thames: (i) shade and name the Cotswold Hills, the Chiltern Hills, the North Downs; (ii) indicate and name two tributaries; (iii) mark by dots and name Oxford, Reading, Rochester, Tilbury. (b) Describe farming activities in the basin, suggesting how they are influenced by geographical conditions. (c) Suggest reasons for the importance of either Oxford or Reading. 8. Choose three of the following cities: Bristol, Cardiff, Dublin, Dundee, Stoke-on-Trent. For each city chosen, (i) draw a sketch map to show its location; (ii) name one manufacturing industry for which it is important and suggest the factors which have aided the growth of the industry in that locality. Section 3. Answer at least ONE question from this section. 9. (Europe.) Give an account. of either Belgium or Denmark or Switzerland; emphasise (i) the main features of relief and drainage, using a sketchmap in illustration, (ii) the chief farming activities, (iii) manufacturing industries and the geographical factors which have favoured their development. 10. (Europe.) The map shows a division of Russia in Europe into regions of natural vegetation. (a) On the map (i) name the natural vegetation of the four regions numbered; (ii) shade the Ural Mountains and insert and name the rivers Don and Volga; (iii) mark by dots and name Archangel, Leningrad, Odessa. (b) Suggest which of the regions numbered on the map is of the greatest agricultural value to Russia and which the least. In each case give reasons for your choice. 11. (North America.) Give an account of either the Prairie Provinces of Canada or New England, emphasising the principal features of the natural landscape, climatic characteristics and chief industries. 12. (South America.) North Chile, Middle Chile and South Chile differ in climate and economic resources. Describe each region so as to illustrate these differences. 13. (Asia.) Yellow Sea of O Miles 400 Land over 600 feet |