59. What were the causes which brought about the three Partitions of Poland? 60. Explain the importance of any four of the following: (a) the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes; (b) the rule of Charles XI in Sweden; (c) the War of the Polish Succession; (d) the Treaty of Aix-laChapelle, 1748; (e) the death of Elizabeth I of Russia; (f) the writings of Voltaire; (g) French participation in the American War of Independence; (h) the meeting of the States General, 1789. 1789-1870 *61. Examine the map of Europe after the Congress of Vienna, 1815; then in your answer-book (a) name (i) shaded Territory A, (ii) Territory B, (iii) Territory C, (iv) Territory D, (v) Kingdom E, (vi) Territory F, (vii) Territory G, (viii) Island H, (ix) Kingdom J, (x) Duchy K. (b) What changes were made on France's frontiers in 1815 to strengthen neighbouring countries? 62. What were the causes of the French Revolution of 1789? 63. Discuss Napoleon I's dealings with Austria and Prussia. 64. Write an account of the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X of France. 65. Explain how the Greeks secured their independence. 66. Describe the main events of the revolutions of 1848-9 in (a) Hungary, and (b) Italy, and explain why those who rose in revolt failed to achieve their aims. 67. Show how Bismarck brought about the unification of Germany. 68. Describe the part played by Louis Napoleon (as President and Emperor) in Italian affairs. 69. Outline the domestic and foreign policies of Alexander II of Russia to 1870. 70. Write short accounts of any four of the following: (a) the Directory; (b) the Consulate; (c) the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle; (d) the Carlsbad Decrees; (e) the Sonderbund; (f) the national workshops in Paris; (g) Garibaldi's conquest of Sicily and Naples; (h) Adolphe Thiers (to 1870). 1870-1939 *71. Examine the map of the Balkans in 1913 (page34); then in your answer-book (a) name (i) State A, (ii) shaded area B, (iii) State C, (iv) shaded area D, (v) Territory E, (vi) State F, (vii) State G, (viii) State H, (ix) Provinces J, (x) Island K. (b) State the terms of the Treaty of Berlin, 1878. 72. For what reasons and with what success did Bismarck try to secure allies for Germany after 1871? 73. To what extent had France re-established her position as a Great Power by 1904? 74. What were the causes of the first World War? 75. What were the causes of the Russian revolution of 1917? 76. What changes were made in the map of Europe as a result of the Treaties of Versailles, St. Germain and Trianon? 77. Write an account of the history between 1919 and 1939 of either (a) Poland or (b) Czecho-Slovakia. 78. Describe the organization of the League of Nations and suggest why it failed to prevent the outbreak of the second World War. 79. State the reasons for the collapse of the Weimar Republic. 80. Give a brief account of Mussolini's home and foreign policy up to the outbreak of the second World War. LATIN PAPER I (Marks: Qn. 1, 60; Qn. 2, 40; Qn. 3, 80.) ONE AND A HALF HOURS 1. Translate into English: At the siege of Fidenae the Romans are attacked with a new weapon, which they turn against the enemy. Portis Fidenarum repente apertis nova acies erupit. Nam ingens multitudo, facibus ardentibus armata, ex urbe ruit Romanosque primo exterruit. Tum dictator, cum ad sinistrum cornu accurrisset, "Num fumo victi," inquit, “inermi hosti cedetis? Non ferro exstinguetis ignes? Vel si igni, non telis, pugnandum est, nonne has ipsas faces eripietis atque in hostes inferetis? Virtutis patrum vestraeque memores, vertite hoc incendium in hostium urbem, ut flammis deleatis Fidenas, quas beneficiis vestris placare non potuistis". Quo imperio ducis audito progrediuntur Romani; faces vi eripiunt ; utraque acies armatur igni. Praefectus equitum renovat pugnam equestrem et ipse primus equo vectus in medios ignes infertur. fax: torch. inermis: unarmed. 2. Translate into Latin: (a) No one is so good that he cannot become much better. (b) I would not have said that, if I had thought that you were present. (c) Though they all came into the wood with me, I do not know where they are now. (d) Two hundred ships, of which only fifty returned home, were sent to conquer the island. (e) Ought we not to love even those who try to harm us? 3. Translate into Latin: Croesus, king of Lydia, was preparing war against a neighbouring kingdom. However, he first wished to know whether he would be victorious. So before he moved his army across the river into the enemy's country, he sent a messenger to Delphi to consult the god whose oracle was there. Asked by the messenger, the god replied, "The king will destroy a great kingdom if he crosses that river ". Croesus, delighted with this reply, at once marched against the enemy. But after a fierce battle, when his soldiers had been put to flight, the king was captured. Thus by waging war Croesus himself destroyed his own kingdom. By such examples the gods teach us that what we wish to believe is not always true. neighbouring: finitimus. Delphi: Delphi, Delphorum. oracle: oraculum. to delight: delectare. example: exemplum. LATIN PAPER II (Marks: Qn. 1, 70; Qn. 2, 46; Qn. 3, 4.) ONE AND A HALF HOURS 1. (a) Translate into English: Two incidents illustrating the good-humoured clemency Stabant quondam duo milites prope regis Antigoni tabernaculum. Dicebant ea quae homines dicere solent qui de rege suo male existimant. Audierat omnia Antigonus, cum inter dicentes et audientem palla modo interesset. Hanc ille leviter dimovit, et "Longius" inquit inquit "discedite, ne rex vos audiat.". Idem alio tempore quosdam ex militibus suis audiit imprecantes regi, quod exercitum in difficile iter et grave lutum induxisset. Accessit ad eos qui maxime laborabant et, cum eos ignorantes a quo adiuvarentur explicuisset, "Nunc " inquit" maledicite Antigono, cuius culpa in has miserias incidistis: ei autem bene optate qui vos ex hac palude eduxit." palla: curtain. imprecari (+dative): to curse. laborare: to be in difficulties. explicare: to free, extricate. (b) State briefly the reason for the mood and tense of adiuvarentur. 87639 0-62- -13 |