The earl of Warwick intrigues to alter the succession to the throne; he also procures higher titles for himself, and his adherents m, and resolves to remove the duke of Somerset.

Day, bishop of Chichester, and Heath, bishop of Worcester, are deprived of their sees, Oct. 10.

Somerset is suddenly seized and sent to the Tower, Oct. 16; he is tried before the Lord High Steward (William Paulet, marquis of Winchester) and peers, charged with high treason and felony", Dec. 1; he is acquitted of treason, but found guilty of felony, and sentenced to be hanged.

Tonstall, bishop of Durham, is sent to the Tower Dec. 20.

A.D. 1552. The parliament meets, Jan. 30.

An act for uniformity of common prayer and administration of the sacraments passedo [5 & 6 Edw. VI. c. 1], and ordered to be read in churches annually.

had brought with him from Geneva, treated with kindly forbearance. He died in 1568.

His coadjutor, William Tindal, was a Welshman, who had been educated at Oxford, but failing to procure a living at home, had gone to Antwerp, where he employed himself on the translation of the New Testament. He afterwards removed to Hamburg, where he met with Coverdale. After suffering shipwreck and other misfortunes, Tindal was seized and executed as a heretic at Brussels, in 1536.

He himself was created duke of Northumberland, and the marquis of Dorset, duke of Suffolk; the earl of Wiltshire became marquis of Winchester, and Sir William Herbert, earl of Pembroke. Cecil, the secretary, was knighted.

"The treason was a design imputed to him of seizing the Tower and the treasure and stores therein, and the great seal; the felony, an attempt on the liberty (not the lives) of Warwick and other councillors.

The act states that the Book of Common Prayer had been 66 perused, explained, and made fully perfect," and it was alone to be used, under the same penalties as in the act of 1548. See p. 211.

The duke of Somerset is beheaded within the Tower, Jan. 22P.

Sir Ralph Fane, Sir Thomas Arundel, Sir Miles Partridge, and Sir Michael Stanhope, are tried as having instigated the duke of Somerset to insurrection, Jan. 27, 28, Feb. 5 and 6; they are found guilty, and are executed, Feb. 26.

A new king of arms, Ulster, appointed for Ireland, Feb. 2.

A body of canon law drawn up, principally by Cranmer.

The see of Gloucester is suppressed, and its territory united to that of Worcester, John Hooper being made bishop, May 20.

A number of new treasons created by act of parliament [5 & 6 Edw. VI. c. 11]; keeping possession of any of the king's castles, or ships, or artillery, six days after being ordered to give them up; or declaring the king, or any of the presumptive successors named by his father's will (the princesses Mary and Elizabeth), to be a heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel, or usurper, are among the number.

Fast days and holy days set forth by statute [5 & 6 Edw. VI. c. 3].

P The king gives, in his Journal, several particulars of the charges against his uncle, but dismisses his death in the most heartless manner: "The duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Towerhill, between 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning.

They were charged with the design of murdering Warwick, and imprisoning the marquis of Northampton and Sir William Herbert.

The king states that Fane "answered like a ruffian," and that Arundel was only condemned "after long controversy," the jury remaining near a day and a night shut up before they returned their verdict.

He was the head of the commission, which consisted of eight bishops, eight divines, eight civilians, and eight lawyers.

A.D. 1553. The parliament meets March 1. It grants a subsidy to the king, stating in the preamble of the act [7 Edw. VI. c. 12], that its occasion arises from the wilful misgovernance" and waste of his treasure by the duke of Somerset.

The see of Durham suppressed by act of parliament, [c. 17]. The act professes that two sees were to be founded, one at Durham, and another at Newcastle; but the whole of the temporalities of the see were granted as a county palatine to the duke of Northumberland.

The king grants his palace of Bridewell to the citizens of London for a workhouse, April 10; he afterwards bestows on them also the hospital of St. Thomas, in Southwark.

The English merchants fit out ships for discovery and tradet.

The king, who had been ill from the beginning of the year, being in danger of death, is prevailed on by the duke of Northumberland to bestow the succession to the crown on Lady Jane Grey, by his letters patent, June 21; he dies at Greenwich July 6, and is buried at Westminster", Aug. 8.

Three vessels sailed for northern discovery; two were lost at Nova Zemblia, the third reached Archangel, and opened a trade with Russia.

The service was, in consequence of the exertions of Cranmer, according to the English ritual; but Queen Mary also celebrated solemn obsequies for him in the Roman mode in her private chapel.

MARY, the only child of Henry VIII. and Katharine of Arragon who survived her parents, was born at Greenwich, Feb. 18, 1516. In her tenth year a separate establishment was formed for her, and she was sent to reside at Ludlow, with a household of 300 persons, and with the countess of Salisbury for her governess. The time she passed there was probably the happiest of her days, for her life was early embittered by the controversy regarding her parents' marriage, although she was not pronounced illegitimate until her father had formed a new union with Anne Boleyn. Mary was brought up in a profound veneration for the see of Rome, by her mother, with whom she naturally sided, and thus she gave deep offence to her imperious father, who at length extorted the most humiliating submissions from hera; though it is to be hoped that he did not entertain the monstrous thought of putting her to death, as has been asserted. Her life, however, for years was evidently full of anxiety and danger, and her case was little improved when her brother Edward VI. succeeded to the throne; * See p. 179.

his councillors endeavoured to enforce her conformity to the "new religion," as she considered it, by imprisoning her chaplains and servants; but she refused to yield, though prevented from escaping to the continent, and they feared to proceed further, as she was supported by a numerous party to whom she was endeared by her mother's sufferings, and her own community of faith and works of charity, and had beside a powerful and steady friend in her cousin the emperor (Charles V.).

Edward VI. died July 6, 1553, and Mary became queen, in spite of a futile attempt of the duke of Northumberland to place his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, on the throne. She entered London in triumph, accompanied by her sister Elizabeth and the Lady Anne of Cleves, released the prisoners in the Tower, and placed herself in the hands of one of them, Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, who had been harshly treated in the preceding reign, and who at once set himself earnestly to work to undo all that had been effected to the prejudice of the See of Rome for the preceding twenty years. Cranmer, Ridley, and other eminent Protestants, having supported the usurpation of Jane Grey, were imprisoned, ostensibly as traitors; all preaching except on the side of the Romish party was forbidden; a public disputation was managed with palpable unfairness; and Grindal, Sandys, Aylmer, Jewel, and others who afterwards became governors of the Church,

b Her Privy Purse Account from 1536 to 1544 has been published by Sir Frederic Madden. The entries shew active benevolence towards the poor, compassion for prisoners, friendly regard and liberality to her servants; and also indicate many elegant pursuits and domestic virtues, for which in general she does not receive credit.