and little as I love battles and danger, I would prefer fighting a battle once a month to going through what I did in raising my brigade.

"The leading men of the State who were for the Government met at Louisville, and, after mature deliberation, resolved that it was impolitic to enlist soldiers here at that time. I was instructed from Washington to act in harmony with the Union men of the State. With much reluctance I abandoned the project of enlisting my soldiers on Kentucky soil, and went to camp 'Jo Holt,' in Indiana.

Rousseau's two regiments, known as the Louisville Legion, were ordered to Missouri. "And then," said he, "my friends who had rather stood aloof awoke and came forward, and wisely, as events showed, and got the President to countermand the order. Soon after, Buckner came into the State with his army of double traitors-traitors to their State and to the nation-and on the memorable night of the seventeenth of September we crossed the Ohio River and marched out under General Sherman to meet them. By some means that ardent desire of our hearts was never fulfilled, but Buckner never came to Louisville."

For this service he was commissioned Brigadier-General of volunteers, October first, 1861. Attached to the army of the Ohio, under General Buell, he shared in the battle of Shiloh, where the official reports of Buell, Sherman, and McCook paint his conduct in the most glowing colors, and speak of him as having "won the admiration of the whole army." He took a conspicuous part in the operations which led to the evacuation of Corinth, and in the last skirmish which took place there was hotly engaged within six hundred yards of the enemy's works. Being afterward assigned the command of a division in McCook's corps, he earned promotion to the rank of Major-General by his gallantry at the battle of Perryville, October eighth, 1862; his commission, which was not made out, however, until the following March, dating from the day of the battle. He commanded a division under General Thomas at the battle of Stone River, December thirty-first to January second, 1862–3, in his report of which General Rosecrans complimented him as "the ever-ready Rousseau."

A great part of the interval between this and the following campaign General Rousseau spent in raising a force of mounted infantry, which, as it was supposed, would prove of great service in suppressing guerrilla warfare. He is now in command of the Military District of Tennessee.

In person, General Rousseau is tall, well-proportioned, and athletic. When a youth, his achievements as a wrestler and foot-racer were a theme of admiration for the Kentucky woodsmen among whom he lived, and he still retains his activi ty and power of endurance unimpaired.

THE

JAMES E. B. STUART.

HE subject of this memoir was born in Patrick County, Virginia, about the year 1829. In his youth he gave evidence of many qualities that fitted him for the position he afterward occupied. His father was Archibald Stuart, Member of Congress for a Virginia district, but who died in the year 1854.

Young Stuart received a good education, and entered the West-Point Academy in 1850. In 1854, he received a commission as Second Lieutenant in a mounted rifle corps of the United States army. One year afterward he was transferred to the First regular cavalry, with General J. E. Johnston as his LieutenantColonel, and the gallant Union Genera Sumner as his Colonel. Under them Stuart fought in the wilds of New-Mexico, now engaging with tribes of hostile Indians, now hunting up hordes of lawless banditti, and ever performing some dashing and fearless exploit. Soon he became noted amongst his compeers for these bold and skilful charges upon a wily and dangerous foe. On the twentyninth July, 1857, he was wounded in a severe fight with three hundred braves of the Cheyenne tribe, who were, however, defeated.

In May, 1861, President Lincoln appointed Lieutenant Stuart to a captaincy in the cavalry of the United States; but, in common with many other Southern officers, he declined the appointment and went over to the rebel army, where he was made Colonel of a Virginia cavalry regiment.

In July, 1861, at the first battle of Bull Run, he commanded all the cavalry attached to Beauregard's and Johnston's armies, and did good service to the confederate cause.

On September eleventh, 1861, Stuart, in command of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, succeeded in routing a Union force at Lewinsville, Va. For this he was highly complimented in a general order by Longstreet and Johnston, and was appointed a Brigadier-General.

In December, 1861, he was at the attack upon the Union forces at Drainsville, and after this appears to have gone South in winter quarters toward Richmond.

In the beginning of the Peninsula war of 1862, Stuart made several cavalry expeditions, culminating in that most famous raid, during June, through and around General McClellan's army. He started from the Richmond lines with a

force of six hundred sabres and two pieces of artillery, made his way through the Federal outposts, and reached the Pamunkey River beyond. There he destroyed a great quantity of Government supplies, made several captures, and created no small amount of alarm. He then turned round toward the Chickahominy, fully encompassing the Union army, and, after some difficulty as regards crossing the river, finally succeeded in reaching the confederate lines again in safety, with no material loss to his men. Thereupon, he was promoted to the rank of Major-General in the rebel army, and placed in command of a division of cavalry.

Barely two months later he was again at work with one of his remarkble exploits. On the twenty-second of August, General Pope was at Catlett's Station, Va., with the Union forces, when in the midst of a heavy storm, Stuart dashed in upon his right flank, penetrated to headquarters, and succeeded in capturing important papers, besides taking the private effects and dress-uniform of Pope and several of his officers. In the beginning of the following October, only seven weeks after this exploit, Stuart made a bold dash into Pennsylvania.

General Lee, commanding the rebel army, then in camp near Winchester, Va., gave Stuart orders to attempt a cavalry expedition into Maryland. On the ninth of October, Stuart issued an address to his command, enjoining "implicit obedience to orders, without question or cavil, and the strictest order and sobriety on the march and in bivouac." He also told his men that the destination and extent of the expedition would be better kept to himself. He then gave an order directing brigade commanders to make arrangements for seizing horses, etc., the property of persons under the United States flag, but that, in every case, a receipt was to be given showing such seizure to be for the confederate service. All individual plunder for private use was forbidden. Public functionaries were to be made prisoners, but to be kindly treated; and all persons in transit to be detained until his command had passed in safety.

He started with a cavalry force of one thousand eight hundred men, and four pieces of horse artillery. The expedition rendezvoused at Darksville and marched to Hedgesville, where they camped for the night. At daylight of the tenth October, Stuart crossed the Potomac at McCoy's, (between Williamsport and Hancock,) meeting with some little opposition from a small detachment of the Federals stationed there. Thence he struck northward till reaching the road to Hagerstown, which he crossed and went on to Mercersburgh, arriving there at noon. Then, after a short rest, he proceeded toward Chambersburgh. What followed there may be best related from an account given by Colonel A. K. McClure, of that city.

He says that, after ascertaining the rebel cavalry had really crossed the Potomac, astonishing every one by such audacity, improvised pickets were placed on the several roads by which, as it was supposed, they might enter. Night came