8 seems to me, adapted, from the beginning, the human constitution accordingly-that of woman for in-door employments and avocations, that of man for out-of-door occupations and cares. He formed the body and soul of man [so as] to be better able to endure cold, heat, journeys, and marches; accordingly, He imposed9 out-of-door occupations upon him: while, having organised 10 in woman a frame less adapted11 for these [purposes], He seems to me to have enjoined in-door occupations upon her. Conscious, too, that He had both implanted 12 in and enjoined on woman the nurture of her new-born 13 infants, He gave her more of love for her new-born children, than [He gave] to man. And since Providence enjoined upon woman the duty of guarding 1 the household goods,15 aware that, with a view to this,16 it is advantageous17 that the soul should be timorous, He gave woman a larger share of fear than man. But, considering that 18 it is requisite that both should give and receive, He imparted 19 memory and diligence in an equal proportion 19 to both. So that you would not be able to decide whether the feminine or the masculine sex 20 has the larger share 21 of these [qualities]. 14 • Καρτερείν. 7 Στρατεία. 11 Δυνατόν. 12 Εμφύειν. 15 Τὰ εἰσενεχθέντα. 8 Ὥστε. 13 Νεογνός. 21 πλεο 16 Πρὸς τὸ φυλάττειν. 18 Εἰς τὸ μέσον κατατίθημι. 20 "Elvos. 17 οὐ κάκιον. 18"OTL. VEKTETV. W. Gr. Gr. § 132, c. XXX. Hiero then1 said: 'I am not at all surprised, Simonides, that the mass of mankind are deluded by despotism; for the multitude seems to me very apt to judge merely from what it sees that some men are happy and others miserable. Now despotism displays clearly to all men, unveiled 5 to view, what appear to be very valuable qualities'; but it keeps its hardships concealed in the souls of despots, just where happiness and misery are stored up 10 for men. That the multitude, therefore, should have forgotten this, as I said, I do not wonder. But that you also should be ignorant of it-[you,] who appear to see most things more clearly through wisdom than through eyesight-this does seem to me surprising. I, however,11 know well, from past experience,1o and I tell you, Simonides, that despots have a very small share of the greatest blessings,13 and a very large share of the greatest curses.14 To give an instance 15: if peace is held to be a great blessing to mortals, despots have a very small portion in it; and, if war is thought a great evil, in this despots enjoy a very large share. For example 16: private citizens 17 are at liberty, unless their country is waging a civil 18 war, to travel wherever they may wish, under no alarm lest any one should slay them; but all despots, in every clime,19 travel as if [they were passing] through an enemy's territory. In truth,20 they imagine it is needful both to live with their own persons 21 armed, and ever to carry along with them others under arms.' 22 4 'Opwv, agreeing with 'multitude.' 6 Verb. 7 Κτήματα. 8 Χαλεπά. 11 Δέ. 5 'Avañτúσow, part. perf. pass. 9"Evoа Teρ. V. LIDD. and SCOTT, πεр. 12 Part. perf. of πεiрâμai. 14 Κακά. 15 Αὐτίκα γάρ. V. LIDD. and SCOTT, αὐτίκα. 10 Αποκεῖσθαι. See LIDD. and Scott, evlús. 17 Οἱ ἰδιῶται. 22 Οπλοφόροι. 13 Ayadá. 16 Evlùs yáp. Fake the first Example that 19 18 Κοινός. Πανταχῆ. accum XXXI. What, then, prevents other state affairs1 also [from] being carried on in this way? for all cities are divided 1 Τὰ πολιτικά. 8 6 In according either to tribes or military bodies; and governors are installed over each division. If, then, any one were to offer rewards to these men, as to the choirs, for good equipment, high discipline, horsemanship, military prowess, integrity in contracts, it is probable that all these [virtues] would be energetically practised through ambition. deed, in the pursuit of distinction, they would push forward more zealously, wherever they were required, and would, on occasion, contribute money more readily, and [what is most highly advantageous, and very rarely accomplished by means of rivalry] agriculture itself would greatly improve,10 should any one tender prizes in the country and in the villages to the best cultivators," and by those citizens who cordially 12 devoted 13 themselves to this, many blessings would be achieved.14 For the revenue would be augmented, and temperance would be far more likely to accompany 15 constant occupation.16 Criminal deeds, in truth,17 are scarcely congenial 18 to the industrious. If commerce, too, is of any advantage to 19 a state, the greatest merchant,20 [if] honoured, would probably attract more merchants; and, if it were made clear that the man who devised some unobjectionable 21 [source of] income for the state would be honoured, not even this branch of enquiry 22 would be neglected.23 5 2 Mópai, as at Sparta; Aóxoi, as at Thebes. * Συμβόλαια. 3 Εὐοπλία. 4 Ευταξία. * Εὐτόνως. 7 Participle pres. JELF, Gr. Gr. § 697, e. 3 Οπότε τούτου καιρὸς εἴη. W. Gr. Gr. § 157. 11 Οἱ ἐξεργαζόμενοι. • Φιλονεικία. 10 Επιτ 12 Ἐῤῥωμένως. 16 Ασχολία. διδόναι. 21 "Αλυπος. 22 23 Σκέψις. 18 Τρέπεσθαι. 17 Καὶ μήν—γε. 20 Ο πλεῖστα τοῦτο ποιῶν. 23 'Apуeio Oai. Opt. with äv. XXXII. V Consider, too, the friendship that despots share. First, then, let us reflect whether friendship is a great blessing 3 2 to mankind. Whoever,1 surely, is beloved by others, his friends gladly see him among them, gladly serve him, long for him if he is absent, welcome him joyously as he again approaches them, sympathize with his prosperity, and flock to his aid in misfortune. Indeed it has not escaped even states, that friendship is man's greatest and sweetest [blessing]; and despots are poorer than all men5 in this property, precious as it is. If you choose, Simonides, to assure yourself that I am speaking the truth, consider it in this light; friendships surely seem to be most permanent in parents towards children, in children towards parents, in brothers towards brothers, in wives towards husbands, in companions towards companions. If then you are willing to reflect, you will find that private citizens are much beloved by their relatives, but that despots have in many cases slain their own children, have often been themselves destroyed by their children, that in despotic states 10 brothers have often been each others' murderers, that many despots have been slaughtered by their own wives, and, indeed,12 by companions who seemed to be most friendly. How then can we suppose that those men are loved by any one else, who are thus detested by those naturally inclined13 and constrained by custom to love them most? 11 8 1"Os av, with conjunctive. W. Gr. Gr. § 177, b. 3 Συνήδομαι. 2 Παρόντα. 4 Συνεπικουρεῖν. 5 Μειονεκτεῖν πάντων μάλιστα, W. Gr. Gr. § 132, C. * Τοσοῦτος ὤν. 7 Ωδε. 3 Κατανοεῖν. • Πολύς, agreeing with 'despots.' 10 Τυραννίδες. 11 Αλληλοφόνος. 12 Te. 13 Φύσει πεφυκότες. XXXIII. While they were at dinner,' Philip at once attempted to say something ridiculous, in order that he might accomplish those [purposes] for which he was from time to time2 invited to dinners. As, however, he failed to excite laughter, it was clear that he was mortified.3 Again, a little afterwards, he endeavoured to say something else that might be laughed at. But, as they did not even then laugh at him, stopping in the midst of his dinner, he lay down with his head covered. Callias then said, 'Why is this, Philip? 8 Whereon he9 Has any pain seized you?' replied with a sigh,10 Yes, indeed, Callias, and a severe [pain] too. For, since laughter has perished from among men, my fortunes are ruined.12 For formerly I used to be invited to dinners for this purpose, that the company 13 might be amused with laughter excited by me 14; but now, for what reason will any one even invite me? for I could no more adopt a serious tone 15 than I could become immortal; nor, assuredly,16 will any one invite me in the expectation of being invited in return, since everybody is aware that, in the first place,18 it is not even the custom for dinners to be introduced into my house.' In the midst of these words 19 he blew his nose,20 and, by his voice, it clearly appeared that he was weeping. They all thereupon began to comfort him with the assurance that they would laugh for the future, and begged him to continue his dinner.22 56 * Καί. 3' He was clear being mortified' [axoμai, 1 aor. pass. part.]. W. Gr. 4 Γελοῖον. Gr. § 126. Having covered himself up.' "On the use of 'AXX' ʼn in questions, see LIDD. and Scott, ảλλá. 9*Os is constantly used in dialogues as a personal pronoun. 10 Having sighed.' 11 Μὰ Δία. 12 "Eppw. Gr. § 147. συνόντες. 6 14 Laughing through me?' 15 Σπουδάσαι. 8 Καί. W. Gr. 13 Oi 16 Μήν. 17As about to be invited in return?' 18 'Apxýv. W. Gr. Gr. § 143. 19 Αμα λέγων ταῦτα. 20 Απομύττομαι. 21As about to laugh. 22 To dine': the present signifying an action continued. XXXIV. Such, then, are the instructions that have been given,1 in 1 Τὰ εἰρημένα. |