origin that have been incorporated into the English language. No work so comprehensive in its scope had hitherto been attempted, consequently in making plans for the new departure it became necessary to begin at the foundation. The popular style of treatment was ever kept in mind, and considerable time was consumed in correspondence with experts best qualified for the preparation of many of the special articles called for by the enlarged plan. For these reasons it has not been possible to complete the work at an earlier date. Owing to the fact that many of the specialists do not reside in Washington, it was difficult, within a limited time, to arrange for entire consistency in treatment and to prevent repetition through encroachment of one subject on another when written by many hands. On this account, and for the purpose of obtaining the views and criticisms of as many experts as possible, conferences were held, as already mentioned, three times each week, which were faithfully attended by the ethnologic staffs of the Bureau and the National Museum, as well as by other resident ethnologists; and ethnologists from elsewhere, while visiting Washington, often gave this committee of revision the benefit of their criticism.

As the articles prepared both by the regular attendants and by others were read at the conferences, and thus were accorded opportunity for criticsim, the value of the meetings in promoting the authoritativeness of the forthcoming Handbook is inestimable. New subjects were constantly suggested, and in some instances much new light was shed on others, after having been written, by reason of the personal knowledge of one or another of the critics present.

In addition to the special articles elsewhere mentioned this report as prepared by members of the Bureau, the following are among the more important of those that have been furnished by specialists not officially connected with it:

By Dr. Franz Boas: Languages.

By Dr. A. F. Chamberlain: Armor, Basque influence, Chinook jargon, Dutch influence, Eliot's bible, English influence, fur trade, German influence, God (words for), Hawaiian influence, Kutenai, linguistic families, "Lost Ten Tribes," maple sugar, Melungeons, Negro and Indian, Scandinavian influence, Spanish influence, white man (names for), wild rice, and many articles pertaining to words of Indian origin incorporated into the English language. By Mr. Stewart Culin: Games.

By Dr. William H. Dall: Russian influence.

By Miss Anna Dawes: Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes.

By Dr. G. A. Dorsey: Ceremony, Sun Dance.

By Mr. Wilberforce Eames: Bible translations, dictionaries, periodicals.

By Dr. Livingston Farrand: Marriage and divorce, and many articles descriptive of some of the linguistic families of the Northwest.

By Miss Alice C. Fletcher: Adornment, agency system, buffalo, camping and camp circles, civilization, dramatic representation, dreams and visions, earth lodge, etiquette, fasting, feasts, furniture, governmental policy, grass lodge, land tenure, masks, music and musical instruments, oratory, orientation, poetry, proprty and property right, quillwork, soldiers, tatoooing, totems, trading posts, war and war discipline and articles descriptive of the Caddoan tribes.

By Mr. Gerard Fowke: “Lansing man," and many articles on technological subjects.

By Mr. H. W. Henshaw: Atlantis, exchange, pictography, popular fallacies, slavery, sweating and sweat houses.

By Dr. George Bird Grinnell: Horse.

By Mr. F. W. Hodge: Adobe, irrigation, kiva and many tribal articles, especially those pertaining to the Southwestern Indians.

By Dr. Walter Hough: Altar, clothing, collecting and excavating, dyes and pigments, fire making, food, illumination, preserving and mending, snake dance, in addition to a large number of brief articles on various implements, utensils, materials used in manufacturing processes, etc.

By Dr. Ales Hrdlicka: Anatomy, artificial head deformation, cannibalism, mixed bloods, health and disease, physiology.

By Dr. Otis T. Mason: Arrows, bows, and quivers; arts and industries, basketry, beadwork, boats, commerce, domestication of animals, education, environment, featherwork, hunting implements, invention, needlework, traps, travel and transportation, weapons, weaving.

By Dr. Washington Matthews: Color symbolism, culture heroes, dry-painting, ethics, family, magic, measurements, medicine, mourning.

By Mr. J. D. McGuire: Drilling, fishing, pipes, smoking, storage and caches, tobacco, trails and trade routes.

The Bureau was also fortunate enough to have the services of Dr. A. L. Kroeber, of the University of California, who generously revised the accumulated material pertaining to many of the linguistic families of California, and in addition gave much valuable information respecting the Shoshonean and Yuman families and the Mission Indians. The remaining Californian stocks were reviewed by Dr. P. E. Goddard, also of the University of California, and by Dr. Roland B. Dixon, of Harvard University.

With the exception of a few articles that had not been quite finished by those to whom the subjects were assigned, the manuscript of the body of the Handbook, recorded on more than 40,000 cards, together with about 800 illustrations, was submitted to the Secretary for transmittal to the Public Printer on July 1, 1905, for publication in two octavo volumes as Bulletin 30 of the Bureau. These cards do not include about 37,000 cross-references to the tribal synonyms, nor the bibliography, which are retained for use in reading the proofs of the text. After serving this purpose they will be ready to be put in type to appear at the close of the work.

ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP.

The work of compiling an archeological map of the United States, which had received some attention in previous years, was carried forward with all possible dispatch during the last year. The departments of the Government having control of the public lands have undertaken to protect from despoliation by commercial relic hunters and unskilled and unauthorized explorers the archeological remains of these lands, and excellent progress in this direction has been made, especially by the Department of the Interior. For years the Bureau has been collecting data relating to these remains, and whenever called on has furnished all available information for the use of the departments in carrying out this laudable enterprise. During the winter months Mr. J. D. McGuire was engaged in collecting and collating data relating to the antiquities of Arizona and Utah, and in platting these on topographical maps furnished by the United States Geological Survey; and Mr. E. L. Hewett has carried forward to practical completion a corresponding work in Colorado and New Mexico. The several maps have been completed so far as the data is at hand. Accompanying the maps is a card catalogue of the various sites, giving information regarding location, character of remains, and explorations previously carried on. These maps and catalogues are at the disposal of the departments when called for.

In New Mexico the following sheets embrace 512 sites of sufficient interest to be catalogued: Santa Fe, Santa Clara, San Pedro, Pajarito Park, Bernal,

Las Vegas, Chaco Canyon, Mount Taylor, Largo, Lamy, Wingate, Jemez, Taos, Tierra Amarilla, Quemado, Acoma, Manzano, Pinos Wells, Tularosa, Chloride, San Marcial, Fort Stanton, Big Hatchet, Chama, El Paso, Fort Bayard, Las Cruces, San Juan, Albuquerque, and Tres Hermanos. In Colorado the Mesa Verde sheet alone includes 54 sites. On the 21 Arizona sheets (Tusayan, Fort Defiance, San Francisco Mountain, Echo Cliff, St. Johns, Prescott, Verde, Florence, Holbrook, Canyon de Chelly, Solomonsville, Globe, Phoenix, Casa Grande, Fort Apache, Diamond Creek, Chino, Marsh Pass, Tombstone, and Tucson) 270 sites are recorded, and on the Utah sheets (Ashley, Beaver, Escalante, Fish Lake, Henry Mountain, Kanab, Manti, Salt Lake, San Rafael, St. George, Price River, Uinta, La Salle, Abajo, and Utah) are noted 122 sites. The 1,008 archeological sites thus catalogued are scattered over an immense territory and come under the jurisdiction of the Interior, Agricultural, and War departments.

EXPOSITION WORK.

The exhibit of the Bureau installed in the Smithsonian section of the Government building of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis during 1904, and described in the report for that year, was dismantled at the close of the exposition and a large part of it transferred to Portland, where it has been installed as a part of the Institution's exhibit at the Lewis and Clark Exposition. The remainder of the material has been returned to Washington and deposited in the National Museum.

STUDY OF INDIAN DELEGATIONS.

The systematic study of visiting Indian delegations has been continued with success. During the year 23 delegations, representing 21 tribes, have been conducted, through the agency of Mr. Andrew John, to the Bureau and National Museum laboratories. Upward of 280 portrait negatives have been made, and casts and measurements of a number of individuals have been obtained. Few Indians of the higher type, however, are willing to submit to the experience of having the face encased in plaster. The tribes represented are as follow:

The ethnological collections obtained during the year fall considerably short of those of previous years, owing to the reduced amount of field work undertaken. This condition was due, as already explained, to the necessity of keeping most

of the scientific staff in Washington to aid in the completion of the Handbook of Indians. The accessions are a valuable collection, made by Mrs. M. C. Stevenson at Zuñi, a series of archeological objects obtained by Doctor Hrdlicka in Arizona and New Mexico, and several minor collections, all of which have been deposited in the National Museum.

PUBLICATIONS.

The distribution of publications has continued as in former years. The great increase in the number of libraries in the country and the multiplication of demands from the public generally have resulted in an almost immediate exhaustion of the quota of volumes allotted to the Bureau, few copies of any of the reports remaining six months after the date of issue. Part II of the Twentysecond Annual Report was issued in January. During the year 1,591 copies of the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Reports were sent to regular recipients, and 2,000 volumes and pamphlets were transmitted in response to special requests, presented largely by members of Congress. The proof reading of the Twenty-third Annual and of Bulletin 28 was practically completed at the close of the year, and it is expected that the press work of these publications will shortly be begun. The Twenty-fourth Report was in the hands of the printer before the close of the year, and Bulletins 29 and 30, the latter being the Handbook of the Indians, were ready to be submitted to the Secretary on June 30, 1905, while the Twenty-fifth Annual Report was completed, with the exception of a small number of illustrations.

EDITORIAL WORK.

The editorial work of the year has presented features of exceptional difficulty, on account of the large number of papers dealing with linguistics and technical subjects. The Bureau has had the services of Mr. Frank Huntington for the greater part of the year, and Mr. J. P. Sanborn, jr., received a probational appointment as editor in May. The reading of the proofs of Mrs. Stevenson's monograph on the Zuñi Indians for the Twenty-third Annual Report, a work of much technical difficulty, was intrusted mainly to Mr. E. G. Farrell.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

The work of preparing illustrations has continued in charge of Mr. DeLancey Gill, who has been assisted, as heretofore, by Mr. Henry Walther. The photographic work has included the making of portraits of members of 21 Indian delegations which visited the capital during the year. Three views of each individual were taken, besides several group views, the negatives numbering 298. In preparing illustrations for the publications of the Bureau upward of 200 negatives were made, and 156 films exposed in the field by members of the Bureau were developed in the laboratory. During the year about 2,350 prints were made, mainly for immediate use in illustrating the Bureau publications. Illustrations prepared for the Twenty-fourth Annual Report number 45; for the Twenty-fifth Annual Report, 128; for Bulletin 30, 800. Illustrations transmitted with reports submitted to the Secretary for publication are: For the Twenty-fourth Annual Report, 1,103; for Bulletin 30, 871. Illustrations edited for the Twenty-third Annual Report number 25; for the Twenty-fourth Annual Report, 1,102. The printed editions of 48 colored plates submitted by the engravers for the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Annual Reports, numbering about 450,000 prints, were individually examined and approved or rejected.

LIBRARY.

The library has been in immediate charge of Miss Ella Leary, who has had the assistance of Mrs. Ella Slaughter. The accessioning and cataloguing of the books, pamphlets, and periodicals received during the year have been kept up to date, and the cataloguing of the publications of scientific societies has been commenced. Owing to the crowded condition of the library and their questionable place in an ethnological library, about 400 publications relating to natural history, received through exchange, have been transferred to the National Museum. During the year there have been received and recorded 398 volumes, 500 pamphlets, and the current issues of upward of 500 periodicals; 120 volumes have been bound at the Government Printing Office. The library now contains about 12,563 bound volumes, 7,000 pamphlets, and a large number of periodicals bearing on ethnology and kindred topics. Purchase of books for the library has been restricted to those that bear on the subject of anthropology, with special reference to the American Indians, and only indispensable works have been obtained by this means.

CLERICAL WORK.

The clerical force of the Bureau consists of four regular employees-Mr. J. R. Clayton, head clerk; Miss Emilie R. Smedes and Miss May S. Clark, stenographers; and Miss Ella Leary, clerk and acting librarian. During the year the compilation of the Handbook of the Indians necessitated the employment of additional clerks with special training in dealing with cyclopedic material and in bibliographic work. In this the services of Mrs. F. S. Nichols, Mrs. Gertrude L. Rogers, and Miss Laura W. Steever have proved invaluable.

PROPERTY.

The property of the Bureau is comprised in seven classes, as follow: Office furniture and appliances; field outfits; linguistic and ethnological manuscripts and other documents; photographs, drawings, paintings, and engravings; a working library; collections held temporarily by collaborators for use in research, and undistributed residue of the editions of Bureau publications.

The additions to the property of the Bureau for the year include a typewriter and a few necessary articles of furniture. The only improvement made in the offices was the changing of the electric-light wiring, which was done under the direction of the District authorities at a cost of $116.55

Respectfully submitted.

W. H. HOLMES,

Mr. S. P. LANGLEY,

Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Chief of Bureau.